• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.68-81
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• 2001

Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc(H.I.V.D) is the most common reason causing low back pain and leg radiating pain. Objective : The purpose of this report is to observe the effects of oriental medical conservative treatment in the different herniated type. Methods : We investigated 30 patients suffering from low back pain with sciatica which were admitted to Taejon Cheonan O. M. hospital from Nov 1, 2000 to Apr 30, 2001. 30 patients had a diagnosis of herniated lumbar interver tebral disc by Lumbar-C.T and Lumbar-M.R.I. we treated 30 patients by oriental medical conservative treatment (Ex: acupuncture, herb-med, physical theraphy, bed-rest, etc.) Results : 1. The mean hospitalization of patients was 21.1 days. that in the bulging type was l4days, protruded type 21days, mixed type 27days, extruded type 30days. that shows the less herniation of lumbar intervertebral disc, the mean hospitalization was more short. 2. In the distribution of the clinical symptoms admitted at that time, low back pain, leg radiating pain were showed in the all types(29patients, 96.6%). and sensory disorder, muscle powerlessness were showed least in the bulg ing type(0%, 37.5%), but that were showed most in the extruded type(50%,75%). 3. In the result of treatment due to clinical syptoms, bulging type was more execellent than any other other types. 4. The less herniation of lumbar intervertebral disc, angle of straight leg raising test was higher. In the result of treatment due to angle of straight leg raising test, bulging type was more execellent than any other other types. 5. In the distribution of physical. test, positive case in the Peyton sign, Ankle Dorsiflexion were showed least in the bulging type(25%, 12.5%), but that were showed most in the extruded type(100%, 75%). 6. In the result of treatment due to physical.test, bulging type was more exec ellent than any other other types. 7. The efficacy of total treatment was 90%(when we set a standard things more than fair), that in the bulging type was 100%, protruded 92%, mixedtype 80%, extruded type 75%. Bulging type had a more remakable effectsthan any other types. Conclusions : The less herniation of lumbar intervertebral disc, clinical syptoms were slighter, physical. test were better, and efficacy of oriental medical conservative treatme nt was remakable high.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.24-31
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• 1999

Bulging is a forming method to shape of die cavity by using hydraulic pressure in tube or vessel. Bulging machine and die were developed in order to produce vessel for keeping warm. Bulging machine is a double type with two horizontal cylinders for bulging of two pieces at the same time. The developed die system has one bulging die and two drawing dies for necking at the both ends of tube. The diameter of tube expands by hydraulic pressure in tube. at the same time, thrust at the both ends of tube. pushes tube in the direction of expansion to obtain high expanding rate with no crack. In this study, the bulging properties were investigated to solve tube crack and necking in manufacturing vessel by the combination method of bulging and drawing. As a result, high expanding rate of tube radius without crack, precision necking and high productivity were obtained.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.40-46
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• 2001

Bulging is a forming method to shape die cavity by using hydraulic pressure in tube or vessel. Bulging machine and die were developed in order to produce vessel for keeping warm. Bulging machine is a double type with two horizontal cylinders for bulging of two pieces at the same time. The developed die system has one bulging die and two drawing dies for necking at both ends of the tube. The diameter of tube expands by hydraulic pressure in tube. At the same time, thrust at both ends of the tube pushes tube in the direction of expansion to obtain high expansion rate with no crack. In this study, the bulging properties were investigated to solve tube crack and necking in manufacturing vessel by combining bulging and drawing. As a result, high expanding rate of tube radius without crack, precision necking and high productivity were obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.180-183
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• 2004

Superplastic formability depends on flow parameters such as temperature, strain rate, strain and stress, microstructures. Usually, superplastic properties of materials are characterized with using a uni-axial tension testing. However, superplastic sheet is formed under mutiaxial loading condition in most forming practices. In the present study, superplastic characteristics of A15083 alloys were determined with using both a uni-axial and biaxial bulging tests. Specially, cone-type die was used to achieve constant strain rate under constant pressure condition. Even though constant strain rate under a certain pressure was achieved only approximately, a cone-type bulging test was found to be quite beneficial to get a multiaxial formability of superplastic materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2012

The press bulging process is very useful and productive method to produce round-type mechanical components which have not been able to be manufactured because of limitation of the conventional press technology. The application of the press bulging process has expanded very quickly in the hydraulic and electronic industry and more recently it has been used to produce other mechanical parts such as the automobile and shipping parts. This expanding application also has brought some unsolved problems and leads many researchers to put their effort into the die design of the press bulging process. In this study, to obtain the optimum die shape for the press bulging process, various process parameters have been considered such as corner radius, bulging height, pressing length, and forming load, etc. The main interest of this paper is to verify the press bulging process which has more than 4.0 in height-length ratio. From this aspect, Finite Element analysis shows great ability to simulate the precise deformation process and gives us manufacturing database. Consideration of strain, stress, and strain-rate for the various cases has been also taken to keep the forming load within a particular range.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2002

Objectives : The object is to study a clinical effect regarding the conservative treatment of the patient who was diagnosed as the herniated Intervertebral lumbar disc(HIVD) and hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital and clinical study about the type of the HIVD. Methods. The clinical studies were done on 65 cases (hospitalized in Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, jaseng on oriental medical hospital from June 2001 to May 2002) who complained of low back pain or sciatica and diagnosed as HIVD on CT(computerized tomography) or MRI(magnetic resonance imaging). They were given both oriental conservative treatment and exercise during the hospitalization period. We investigated and observed 20 items about sex, age, weight, height, occupation, smoking. obesity, duration of disease, clinical symptom and treatment duration in basis of medical recording which was drawn up at patient hospitalization. We classified HIVD with 4 types(Bulging. Protruded. Extruded, Sequestered) and decided the case which simultaneously had 2 overs with Mixed type. The treatment evaluation standard was classified with 4 branches; Excellent. Good, Fair and Poor. Results & Conclusions : The treatment result of over 'fair' is bulging type 85%, protruded type 92.7%, extruded type 100% and the mixed type was 85.1 %. The effect was good in order of bulging, mixed, protruded and extruded type. It appeared most plentifully with 30 people in L4-5 and L5-S 1 disc herniation type.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find cut the characteristics of intervertebral disc changes arid relative factors of the patients with spondylolisthesis. Methods: We investigated 95 cases of patients who visited one Korean traditional medicine hospital and were diagnosed as spondylolisthesis on lumbar spine X-ray and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). We selected these cases retrospectively and randomly. We analysed the relativity between number of changed discs and type of change disc and age, level of spondylolisthesis and type of spondylolisthesis. Results: 1. The number of changed discs increased with older and degenerative spondylolisthesis type(p<0.05) and was not related to the level of spondylolisthesis. 2. Bulging disc is the dominant type of disc change(74.12%). The type of changed disc was shown to be similar in lytic and degenerative spondylolisthesis. It was not relative to the level of spondylolisthesis(p>0.05). 3. The direction of nerve compression was diffuse type in about halfly of the patients(47.06%) and the symptoms of patent and dermatome did not matched in 54 cases. Conclusions: The patients who visited a Korean medicine hospital and were diagnosed as spondyolithesis have different characteristics from the established studies. Their discs changed dominantly to diffuse bulging type and the symptoms of patient were not related with the direction and level of the changed discs were spondylolisthesis existed.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2024

Masseter are commonly botulinum neurotoxin targeted muscle for facial contouring in aesthetic field. However, paradoxical masseteric bulging is common adverse effect that has not been discussed with ultrasonographic observations. Retrospective study has been conducted from October, 2021 to January, 2023, out of 324 patients have done blinded botulinum neurotoxin injection in the masseter at the middle and lower portion of the masseter with each side of 25 units (letibotulinum neurotoxin type A), 3 patients demonstrated paradoxical masseteric bulging has been reported and the image observed by ultrasonography by physician. Based on the observations made, we can infer that the function of the moving muscle involves twisting of the muscle fibers during contraction, along with the twisting of the deep inferior tendon, which causes the muscle to be divided into anterior and posterior compartments rather than into superficial and deep compartments of masseter. In ultrasonographic observe the skin surface of a patient with paradoxical masseteric bulging, it is observable that either the anterior or posterior part contracts significantly. The functional units of anterior and posterior compartment are observable as muscular contraction of inward movement of the muscle from either the anterior or posterior functional unit.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.616-624
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• 2009

In this work we demonstrate the hot-embossing process under different forming conditions such as forming temperature, load, and holding time in pressing, in order to determine the suitable conditions required for linear patterning on polymer plates (PC). Results showed that the replicated pattern depth increased in proportion to an increase in the forming temperature, load, and time. The reduction of the workpiece thickness increased according to the holding time in the pressing process. In the process of time, the reduction ratio of the workpiece thickness decreased due to the surface area increment of the workpiece, while the pressure on the workpiece declined. In order to reduce the bulging ratio we introduced a temperature difference between the upper and the lower punch.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.279-280
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• 2007