• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제9호
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• pp.134-138
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was (1) to examine how people modify and replace the built -in storage furniture in apartments, (2) to identify the problems of the built-in storage furniture and user satisfaction according to the size of the apartments, and (3) to suggest the better built-in furniture design based on the results of the study. Questionnare survey method was used , and the S-APT residents in Suwon and Bundang were selected for this study. The results were analysed by X^2$-test, T-test , F-test, frequency and percentage. It were identified that (1) the residents were not satisfied with their built -in storage furniture by its size and inside composition even in the new apartments, and (2) they tend to modify or purchase new one and these tendency was increased by the floor area increased.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2020

There are remains of Japanese gardens in Korea which were built during Japanese occupation in 1910-1945. However, systematic database has not been established for location, quantity, nor types of remaining gardens. This study is aimed at defining current status of Japanese gardens built in Korea. By categorizing types of remaining these Japanese gardens, we also aimed to build a systematic data base for Japanese gardens in Korea. This study was co-conducted by researchers from Korea and Japan. The team identified 17 Japanese gardens remaining in South Korea and categorized them into 4 groups; 1) Japanese garden built by Japanese in modern Japanese house in South Korea, 2) Japanese garden built by Korean in traditional Korean garden and 3) Garden built by Japanese in temples in Korea. (at request by Koreans). This categorization reveals information about the inflow of Japanese gardening culture into Korea and deserves to be an important part of modern gardening History. And the rest are 4) Japanese gardens built at Korean residence, but with much damage and alternation. In this paper, we present the findings to serve as preliminary data for defining Korean traditional gardens and for utilizing Japanese gardens in Korea as historical and cultural infrastructure.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2018

Recently, as the continuously increasing of the one-person households, builders were focusing on a built-in furniture development for efficiency. Through the dead space of the space can be reduced. Also, Condensation that occurs in a built-in furnitures installation space may result in different results depending on the room's direction, floor, finish, adjacent room effect, occupant's lifestyle. In this background, it can be considered in terms of functional aspect and morphological aspect by using WUFI2D simulation system. As a result, the tendency of occurrence of condensation was examined by comparing the water content and the growth potential of fungus graph which came from WUFI2D. Results of this study are as followings: Built-in furniture, both top & bottom open, is more stable to condensation than the built-in furniture with the top or bottom open. Also, Among from the top floor built-in furniture to the bottom of it, the bottom one is more stable to condensation.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

Built-in wardrobe is constructing after ordering and making, because built-in wardrobe's size is fixed as housing measurement. It is hard to speak built-in wardrobe components of construction in these ways, and application of an MC (Modular Coordination) design system is meaningless too. And above all, measurement before construction isn't to expect standardization, and to increase custom-made furniture. So I suggest the standardization of built-in wardrobe utilizing standard last finish and reference plane in order to prevent an evil influence of built-in wardrobe's construction. And we utilized a reference plane, and we present construction document and design plan in order to solve these problems. The first stage, we investigate manufacture of a preferential domestic system kitchen and construction state, and we derive from a problem in viewpoints of standardization for this. And we analyze an effect got by application of the assembly basis aspect that we presented, and we can raise efficiency of standardization of housing and construction industry, and we light ultimately up. I will apply a standardization plan as above, and define that this assures a standardization of components and an economic effect.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.31-32
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• 2007

Built-in voltage in organic light-emitting diodes was studied using modulated photocurrent technique ambient conditions. A device was made with a structure of anode/$Alq_3$/cathode to study a built-in voltage. An ITO was used as an anode, and $Li_2O$/Al was used as a cathode. From the bias voltage-dependent photocurrent, built-in voltage of the device is determined. The applied bias voltage when the magnitude of modulated photocurrent is zero corresponds to a built-in voltage. Built-in voltage in the device is generated due to a difference of work function of the anode and cathode. It was found that for 0.5nm thick $Li_2O$ layer built-in voltage is the higher than the others. It indicates that a very thin alkaline metal compound $Li_2O$ lowers an electron barrier height.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

The built-in spindle motor for high-speed machine tools is designed and developed by Corporate R&D Institute of DAEWOO Heavy Industries LTD. The heat analysis program for the built-in spindle motor is developed by using lumped method. For the purpose of verification of the program comparison analyses between experiments and calculations are performed on the three motors ; DHI prototype of built-in spindle motor built-in spindle motor sample A and sample B As results calculated temperature distributions are in good agreement with the test results within the average error of 10% Calculated results of all the built-in spindle motors show that maximum temperature rise at high speed remains in the operating condition without exceeding the permitted limit but they exceeded the permitted limit of temperature rise at low speed.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.750-753
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• 2015

The continuing trend of built environment set forth by the rise of modernization and industrialization has led every country in achieving their respective economic development. Along side this trend is an issue that needs to be addressed - the environmental impacts of the built industry. Construction and maintenance of buildings are said to consume 40% of the world's energy, 65% of electricity, and 40% of raw materials, creating drastic pollutants harmful not only to the environment but also to human. Figures have been released and analyzed proving the contributions of built environment with environmental depreciation. Said figures earned concerns not just from different private and non-profit organizations but also the governments of every country, thus, steps towards sustainable development are being implemented. As a response, the "green" was added in the built environment. Later on, the now emerging concept of "National Green Building Code" found its role in the policy of various states in protecting the people in accord with the nature. This paper appreciates the initiatives of various countries and non-profit organizations in their drive to pursue sustainable green built environment in general, and specifically proposes an establishment of an "incentives grant framework" as an additional legislative policy to be included in the draft of the National Green Building Code of the Philippines.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.129-141
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate type of the modern architecture in Daegu province, based on 91 buildings which were built from 1886 to 1945 in Daegu province. The results of this study could be summarized as follows : The modern buildings were built by the western missionary, Japanese, Chineses and Korean. The catholic, built Korean style cathedral and parsonage early in the missionary period, then changed to build Gothic revival and georgian style masonary buildings. The protestant built eclectic buildings. With masonary structure and Korean roof style. Then from 1930's, they started to build Gothic revival style buildings. Japanese built eclectic buildings which mixed with Western and Japan type during the first period. Then, they also started to build Western eclectic building. Chinese built only two buildings during the whole periods and those were Western eclectic style buildings. Korean started to build commercial and school buildings which were Western style from the middle of the second period by nationalist and local commercialist.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.381-394
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• 2020

The structural performance of cold-formed steel (CFS) built-up battened columns were numerically investigated in this paper. The built-up column sections were formed by connecting two-lipped channels back-to-back, with a regular spacing of battens plates, and have been investigated in the current study. Finite element models were validated with the test results reported by the authors in the companion paper. Using the validated models, the parametric study was extended, covering a wider range of overall slenderness to assess the accuracy of the current design rules in predicting the design strengths of the CFS built-up battened columns. The parameters viz., overall slenderness, different geometries, plate slenderness (b/t ratio) and yield stress were considered for this study. In total, a total of 228 finite element models were analyzed and the results obtained were compared with current design strength predicted by Effective Width Method of AISI Specifications (AISI S100:2016) and European specifications (EN1993-1-3:2006). The parametric study results indicated that the current design rules are limited in predicting the accuracy of the design strengths of CFS built-up battened columns. Therefore, a design equation was proposed for the AISI and EC3 specifications to predict the reliable design strength of the CFS Built-up battened columns and was also verified by the reliability analysis.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 2013

Environmental quality(EQ) is one of the most important components of the assessment of "Quality of Life(QOL)". Most EQ related research dealt with overall built environmental quality issues as represented by several clusters of factors related to occupants' satisfaction. This paper aims to identify and understand the theoretical background and the occupants' comparative standards of response to conditions of the built environment related to environmental quality(EQ). Therefore, this paper have reviewed the theoretical framework and empirical research for environmental quality in built environment. the concept of environmental quality if elaborated from diverse perspectives. Different ways of interpreting environmental quality have led to a variety of ways to conduct evaluations. A review of the theories and methods used for the analysis of perceived environmental quality provides a strong foundation for new research frameworks and environmental quality in built environment.