• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate and analyze the overall recognition of the photovoltaic system for the application of BIPV(Building Integrated Photovoltaic) in Korea. For this purpose, a survey was carried on through questionnaires answered by 6 groups of experts such as construction engineers, registered architects, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, university or college professors, and others who are ranked high in their companies or universities or colleges and who mostly seem to be eager to participate in the development of the PV system and to make a business of the system. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. About 95% of those experts who answered the questionnaire have known about renewable energy, and 93% of them are interested in solar energy as alternative energy 2. Host experts have a lot of information on the solar energy system, but have scanty information on the PV system. 3. The experts in the educational and research field have researched for the reasonable period of the participation in the development of the PV system and the period of making a business of the system. They judge that companies in the mechanical and electrical field will participate in the development of the PV system and will make a business of the system in 5 years. 4. The experts have thought that the PV system is designed not for economy but for the environment of the earth and that PV system technology in Korea is much lower than that in the advanced countries. 5. The experts hesitate to participate in the development of the PV system and to make a business of the system because they have little confidence in the economy of the PV system now and because they have thought that they will bear a great financial burden of construction cost 6. The experts judge that it is most desirable to apply the PV system to the rooftops of buildings. And they are greatly interested in the BIPV.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2012

Recently, finishing materials at spandrel area, a part of curtain-wall system, are gradually forced to improve thermal insulation performance in order to enhance the building energy efficiency. Also, Building Integrated Photovoltaics(BIPV) systems have been installed in the exterior side of the spandrel area, which is generally composed of windows. Those BIPVs aim to achieve high building energy efficiency and supply the electricity to building. However, if transparent BIPV module is combined with high insulated spandrel, it would reduce the PV efficiency for two major reasons. First, temperature in the air space, located between window layer and finishing layer of the spandrel area, can significantly increase by solar heat gain, because the space has a few air density relative to other spaces in building. Secondly, PV has a characteristics of decreased Voltage(Voc and Vmp) with the increased temperature on the PV cell. For these reasons, this research analyzed a direct interrelation between PV Cell temperature and electricity generation performance under different insulation conditions in the spandrel area. The different insulation conditions under consideration are 1) high insulated spandrel(HIS) 2) low insulated spandrel(LIS) 3) PV stand alone on the ground(SAG). As a result, in case of 1) HIS, PV temperature was increased and thus electricity generation efficiency was decreased more than other cases. To be specific, each cases' maximum temperature indicated that 1) HIS is $83.8^{\circ}C$, 2) LIS is $74.2^{\circ}C$, and 3) SAG is $66.3^{\circ}C$. Also, each cases yield electricity generation like that 1) HIS is 913.3kWh/kWp, 2) LIS is 942.8kWh/kWp, and 3) SAG is 981.3kWh/kWp. These result showed that it is needed for us to seek to the way how the PV Cell temperature would be decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of building integrated PV application method on power generation. PV modules were integrated to a hypothetical apartment building facade in Seoul, Korea. Three different design options of PV panel mounted on exterior wall were developed for the analysis of cooling effects through ventilation. Numerical simulations using TRNSYS coupled with COMIS were executed to evaluate the design options. Their facade configurations are such as vertically installed PV panels with or without air gap between PV rear surface and exterior wall surface, and the tilted PV panels attached to the exterior wall at an angle of to the horizontal. Parametric results show that there is little difference regardless of the air 9ap width between PV rear surface and exterior wall surface. Special strategies which could effectively cool a PV panel to increase the electric power are required if we prefer to a vertical facade configuration in a building integrated PV installation. Consequently, it is expected that there is no reason for architect to install vertically PV panels with air gap unless active strategies are considered.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.107-110
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• 2022

Lightweight and flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules are attractive for building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications because of their easy construction and applicability. In this study, we fabricated lightweight and flexible c-Si PV modules using ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) front cover and shingled design string cells. The ETFE front cover instead of glass made the PV modules lighter in weight, and the shingled design string cells increased the flexibility. Finally, we fabricated a PV module with a conversion power of 240.08 W at an area of 1.25 m² and weighed only 2 kg/m². Moreover, to check the PV module's flexibility, we conducted a bending test. The difference of conversion power between the modules before and after bending shown was only 1.7 W, which showed a power reduction rate of about 0.7%.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.120-123
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• 2020

Transparent photovoltaics (PV) are used in various applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, crystalline silicon (c-Si) is not used for developing transparent PV due to its opaque nature. Here. we fabficate the three holes in 6-inch c-Si solar cells using laser scribing process with an opening area ratio of about 6.8% for transparent c-Si solar modules. Moreover, we make the shingled strings using the perforated cells. Our 7 interconnected shingled string PV cells with 21 holes show a solar to power conversion of 5.721 W. In next work, we will fabricate a transparent c-Si PV module with perforated strings.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2019

Metal-halide perovskite (MHP) solar cell is a promising candidate for next-generation flexible devices and the BIPV (Building-integrated photovoltaics) because it can exhibit high power conversion efficiencies over 23%, good bendability and low processing cost. However, MHP solar cells are commonly fabricated by the spin coating that is not a reliable method to produce large-scale commercial solar cells. A shear coating can be one of the potential candidates for the large-scale deposition method of MHP films. In this work, the influences of the process parameters such as solvents of precursor solution, substrate temperature, concentrations of precursor solution, and annealing time on the thin film growth of MHP were investigated for the shear coating process. This study presents the possibility of the shear coating process for large-scaled perovskite film fabrication and reveals the role of process condition in the thin film growth of perovskites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2010

건물일체형 태양전지 (BIPV; building integrated photovoltaics)나 야외 태양광 발전 차양 등의 태양광 발전에는 기존의 유리 기판 태양전지보다 가볍고 유연한 flexible 박막 태양전지가 설치하고 운영하는데 적합하다. 이러한 flexible 박막 태양전지는 자동차나 휴대기기의 전원이나 배터리의 충전기기로도 쓰이며 그 수요가 증가 추세에 있다. 특히, flexible Cu(In, Ga)$Se_2$(CIGS) 박막 태양전지는 기존의 flexible 실리콘 박막 태양전지보다 효율이 높아서 앞으로 성장 잠재력이 매우 높다. 세계적으로도 많은 기업이 상용화를 추진하고 있으며, 2007년부터 시장에 진입하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 flexible CIGS 박막 태양전지는 유리 기판 CIGS 박막 태양전지보다 효율이 낮고 패키지를 유리에서 플라스틱으로 대체하기 때문에 수명이 짧다. 또한, 아직도 완전한 양산 체제로 전환이 이루어지지 않았기 때문에 해결해야 할 문제점이 많이 있다. Flexible 기판으로는 스테인리스 스틸이나 폴리머 기판이 사용되는데, 유리 기판에 비해 저가 태양전지를 제조할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 roll-to-roll 공정을 적용할 수 있어 가격 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있다. 특히, 금속 유연기판을 사용할 경우, 유리 기판에 비해 상대적으로 고온 공정이 가능한 장점이 있다. 그러나, 금속 기판을 사용할 경우 해결해야 할 두 가지 이슈가 있다. 첫째, CIGS 흡수층 형성에 도움을 주는 Na의 공급 문제이다. 유리 기판의 경우 기판에 포함되어 있는 Na이 확산을 통해 공급되지만, 금속 기판의 경우 별도의 Na 공급 방법을 고려해야 한다. 둘째, 불순물 확산 방지막 및 전기 절연층으로 사용되는 유전체 박막의 문제이다. 현재 다양한 금속 산화물 유전체 박막을 사용한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 flexible CIGS 박막 태양전지의 기술적 이슈 및 현재 연구 현황을 살펴보고, 스테인리스 스틸 기판을 이용한 CIGS 박막 태양전지에서 유전체 확산 방지막에 따른 특성을 비교하고자 한다. 스테인리스 스틸 기판의 불순물로부터의 확산을 방지하기 위하여 두 종류(intrinsic ZnO와 SiOx)의 유전체 박막을 각각 Na가 도핑된 Mo층과 스테인리스 스틸 기판 사이에 삽입하여 소자를 제작하였다. 확산 방지막이 없는 경우, SiOx층을 사용한 경우, 그리고 intrinsic ZnO 층을 사용한 경우에, 효율은 각각 7.47, 11.64, and 13.95%로 나타났다. 셀의 크기는 $0.47\;cm^2$이고, 반사방지막은 사용하지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2021

In this study, we fabricated light-weight solar module for various applications such as building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), vehicles, trains, etc. Ethylene tetra fluoro ethylene (ETFE) film was applied as a material to replace the cover glass, which occupies more than 65% of the weight of the PV module. Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) was applied to the ones with a low durability by replacing the cover glass to ETFE. Moreover, to achieve a high solar power conversion in this study, we applied a shingled design to weight reduced solar modules. The shingled module with GRP shows 183.7 W of solar-to-power conversion, and the output reduction rate after weight load test was 1.14%.