• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2009

The architectural space is the involuntary place where man lives and experiences, and as a 3 dimensional space through the continuous experience with the concept of 4th dimension of time, it provides the observers with the dramatic space imagery These kinds of space experiences are experienced mentally and perceptively through the physical elements of inner and outer space of the architectural buildings, and this space imagery is created here by all the space composing elemensts of the building. These space experiences are caused by the changing processes of the space characteristics, and the observers perceive the changes in space characteristics. The present building is going with Eco-Architecture. When 2008 sees the building,,Eco-Architecture design which hits appears. There is a possibility of seeing 16 kind types from that place. And From here examined the spatiality which is expressed. These changing processes of inner and outer space, space versus space, and unit space, which are perceived by the observer. It's way to help in architectural design and wishes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.5 no.2 s.16
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• pp.123-130
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to present the optimum performance of hybrid waterproofing technology, which is including material and construction method. Recently, Hybrid waterproofing technology is developed little by little in KOREA. But there is not any other criterion of performance and evaluation of this technology. So, It is needed that appropriate performance items is are settled urgently. This paper were obtained by the SPSS analysis. In this study the safety factor are more important performance of building waterproofing materials than durability comfortability and productivity. And results of this analysis showed that (1) safety performance consists of Fatigue resistance, Crack Control performance deterioration Processing of tensile performance, Compressive Strength test (2) comfortability performance consists of watertightness, bond performance (3) persistency performance consists of abrasion resistance, tensile performance, flexural strength (4) productivity performance consists of dimension, unit space weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2011

RFID system can be used to improve object recognition, map building and localization for robot area. A novel method of indoor navigation system for a mobile robot is proposed using RFID technology. The mobile robot With a RFID reader and antenna is able to find what obstacles are located where in circumstance and can build the map similar to indoor circumstance by combining RFID information and distance data obtained from sensors. Using the map obtained, the mobile robot can avoid obstacles and finally reach the desired goal by $A^*$ algorithm. 3D map which has the advantage of robot navigation and manipulation is able to be built using z dimension of products. The proposed robot navigation system is proved to apply for SLAM and path planning in unknown circumstance through numerous experiments.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-156
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• 2021

The aim of this article is to describe direction of Sino-Russian relations toward a new epoch - as the decision-making centers of both countries define them - indicating the commitment to building the future international order. It includes the synthesis of evolution of relations, descriptions of cooperation building of mutual confidence by both sides in variety of institutions; analyses of geo-economic relations emphasizing their geostrategic dimension and finally dynamics showing how two great powers want to achieve new areas of cooperation focused on building multipolar world order which is the essence of "new epoch". The argument goes towards recognizing the relationship as a "hhybrid alliance". This hybridity is a structural factor that can constrain the use of new dimensions of asymmetric interdependence as political leverage especially by United States against the two non-western powers but also facilitate to use it against West.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2019

Diagrid structures have emerged in recent decades as an innovative solution for tube tall buildings, capable of merging structural efficiency and aesthetic quality. This paper investigates the effect of the building slenderness (grossly quantified by means of the aspect ratio, i.e., the ratio between the height and the plan dimension) on the structural behavior and on the optimal design parameters of diagrid tall buildings. For this purpose, building models with different slenderness values are designed by adopting preliminary design criteria, based on strength or stiffness demands; in addition, a design method based on a sizing optimization process that employs genetic algorithms is also proposed, with the aim to compare and/or refine the results obtained with simplified approaches.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

In our country, the application of the design method of face to face dimension in wall-slab apartment has passed 10 years. So MC(Modular Coordination) design method has fixed in the design step to some degree. In Design and Work Execution of House the exclusive area of the apartment was calculated by face to face dimension. And the term of face to face dimension was known broadly to clients, construction company, etc. But design method of face to face dimension is not to simply extend the room size so far as wall depth in design process but to ensure the actual space should be considered with efficient use and assembly of building components. That is to say, Design method of face to face dimension is not to be defined by design step but to be related with construction and maintenance. However in construction process the point of face to face design method was not understood even now. So the purpose of this study was to extract the effect and question of face to face design method in construction process by survey of actual condition of structure and construction quality, and compare this result with existing construction method. The following project of this study is to survey of actual condition of interior components such as gypsum board, windows & doors etc. Therefore this study is to induce architectural long-life through architectural standardization construction and component's exchange, and, by the subject of the study on Apartment to have design guideline and basis for joining part between Gypsumboard and windows.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.463-484
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• 2015

Modern codes for earthquake resistant building design require consideration of the so-called accidental design eccentricity, to account for torsional response caused by several factors not explicitly considered in design. This provision requires that the mass centres in the building floor be moved a certain percentage of the building's dimension (usually 5%) along both the x and y axes and in both positive and negative directions. If one considers also the spatial combinations of the two component motion in a dynamic analysis of the building, the number of required analyses and combinations increases substantially, causing a corresponding work load increase for practicing structural engineers. Another shortcoming of this code provision is that its introduction has been based primarily on elastic results from investigations of oversimplified, hence questionable, one story building models. This problem is addressed in the present paper using four groups of eccentric braced steel buildings, designed in accordance with Eurocodes 3 (steel) and 8 (earthquake design), with and without accidental eccentricities considered. The results indicate that although accidental design eccentricities can lead to somewhat reduced inelastic response demands, the benefit is not significant from a practical point of view. This leads to suggestions that accidental design eccentricities should probably be abolished or perhaps replaced by a simpler and more effective design provision, at least for torsionally stiff buildings that constitute the vast majority of buildings encountered in practice.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2009

Practical building integrated photovoltaic system built by Kolon E&C has been monitored and evaluated with respect to power generation, which was installed in Deokpyeong Eco Service Area in Deokpyeong, Gyeonggi, Korea. The amorphous silicon transparent PV module in this BIPV system has 44Wp in power output per unit module and 10% of transmittance with the unit dimension with $980mm{\times}950mm$. The BIPV system was applied as the skylight in the main entrance of the building. This study provided the database for the practical application of the transparent thin-film PV module for BIPV system through 11 month monitoring as well as various statistical analyses such as monthly power output and insolation. Average monthly power output of the system was 52.9kWh/kWp/month which is a 60% of power output of the previously reported data obtained under $30^{\circ}$of an inclined PV module facing south(azimuth=0). This lower power output can be explained by the installation condition of the building facing east, west and south, which was resulted from the influence of azimuth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

This study aims to find the safe vent area to prevent a destruction of building by gas explosion in a building. Explosion vessel which used in this experiment is 1/5 scale down model of simple livingroom and its dimension is 100cm in length 60cm in width and 45cm in height. Liquified petroleum gas(LPG) was injected to the vessel to the concentration of 4.5vol%, and injection rate were varied in 1L/min or 4L/min. Gas mixture was ignited by the 10kV electric spark. For analysis the characteristics of vented explosion pressure according to the vent size and vent shape, its size and shape were varied. From the experiment, it was found that explosion pressure in the vented explosion :in affected by the gas injection rate, vent area and vent shape. And the vent area to volume ratio(S/V) to prevent the building destruction by explosion pressure, it is recommended that the design of vent area happened by the explosion should be above 1/500cm in S/V. And if the vent area has complicate structure in same area, vented explosion pressure will be higher than a single vent, and possibility of building destruction will increase. Therefore to effectively vent the explosion pressure for protect a building and residents from the gas explosion hazards, the same vent area should have a singular and constant shape in the cross-sectional area of the vessel.