• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.27-47
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• 2015

In this study, the accuracy and reliability of fully nonlinear method against equivalent linear method for dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction is investigated comparing the predicted results of both numerical procedures with the results of experimental shaking table tests. An enhanced numerical soil-structure model has been developed which treats the behaviour of the soil and the structure with equal rigour. The soil-structural model comprises a 15 storey structural model resting on a soft soil inside a laminar soil container. The structural model was analysed under three different conditions: (i) fixed base model performing conventional time history dynamic analysis, (ii) flexible base model (considering full soil-structure interaction) conducting equivalent linear dynamic analysis, and (iii) flexible base model performing fully nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results of the above mentioned three cases in terms of lateral storey deflections and inter-storey drifts are determined and compared with the experimental results of shaking table tests. Comparing the experimental results with the numerical analysis predictions, it is noted that equivalent linear method of dynamic analysis underestimates the inelastic seismic response of mid-rise moment resisting building frames resting on soft soils in comparison to the fully nonlinear dynamic analysis method. Thus, inelastic design procedure, using equivalent linear method, cannot adequately guarantee the structural safety for mid-rise building frames resting on soft soils. However, results obtained from the fully nonlinear method of analysis fit the experimental results reasonably well. Therefore, this method is recommended to be used by practicing engineers.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

Purpose: This is a study on the planning of temporary housing for post application of Mega Sports facilities. The subject of the study is 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, which is to suggest building an alternative temporary housing using shipping containers(high cube), which solve the lack of accommodations and recycle temporary housing after Olympics, save money and be eco-friendly in Olympics. Method: This study includes this ; research on the a fact-finding survey about Mega sports facilities post application and demand survey on 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics accomodations and an analysis about temporary housing plan. Furthermore we decided temporary housing building plan by analyzing residents' needs and traits of the housing etc. Through this, we made a schematic design for household units. Result: As a result, this study is a plan of making space, forms, and structure. The planned size is $38.4m^2$(L:12m, W:3.2m) except balcony, and indoor height is 2.5m. The space consists of entrance, bathroom, bedroom and living room with folding furniture system. Also there's a detailed floor plan of the ceiling, wall, and floor we drew up. The ceiling and wall consist of dampproof film, noncombustible board, fire proof urethane form, and color-designed sheet. The floor is composed of floor tile, cement mortar, light concrete(with heat coil), insulation, and dampproof film. Additionally, this study is a plan of interior dry wall with detail using modular construction method for work efficiency and quality improvement.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제58권
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• pp.287-311
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• 2013

In this study, the scope of previous logistics security were focused only on port and ship. Because of it now extends to the overall (export and import) supply chain areas and in regards with supply security programs in the international level, it reviewed supply chain security programs categorized them into 'ships and port security system', 'container screening system', 'logistics chain authorization system' which are expanded to be adopted in the international level. The major features of those programs are summarized as in building risk management system, providing information ahead, selectivity test and benefits to AEO authorized companies in the customs administration level. The government and companies which are to ensure supply chain security and trade facilitation in order to cope actively with international customs administrative atmosphere need to do the followings : First, they need to build an intra-government integrated supply chain security and make efforts to conclude AEO MRA in order to increase trade competitiveness among major trading countries. Second, they need to build supply chain risk management system in order to enhance management performance through overseas market and company level strategy to obtain and maintain AEO authorization in the company level.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2014

조선소에서 건조하고 있는 선박, 해양플랜트에 설치된 발전기의 부하 성능 시험 시 생산되는 막대한 양의 전력은 컨테이너 형태로 제작된 로드뱅크를 통해 전량 열로 낭비된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선박 건조 시 발전기 부하시험으로 낭비되는 전력량을 대형 조선소를 대상으로 정량적으로 조사하였으며, 소형발전기에서 생산된 전력을 한전계통에 연계하여 회수하는 실험실의 실험결과를 바탕으로 조선소에서 발전기 부하시험 시 생산되는 전력을 한전계통에 연결할 경우 회수 가능한 전력량을 연구 분석하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.591-617
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• 2015

Standards for seismic assessment and retrofitting of buildings provide deformation limit states for structural members and connections. However, in order to perform fully consistent performance-based seismic analyses of soil-structure systems; deformation limit states must also be available for foundations that are vulnerable to nonlinear actions. Because such limit states have never been established in the past, a laboratory testing program was conducted to study the rotational capacity of small-scale foundation models under combined axial load and moment. Fourteen displacement-controlled monotonic and cyclic tests were performed using a cohesionless soil contained in a $2.0{\times}2.0{\times}1.2m$ container box. It was found that the foundation models exhibited a stable hysteretic behavior for imposed rotations exceeding 0.06 rad and that the measured foundation moment capacity complied well with Meyerhof's equivalent width concept. Simplified code-based soil-structure analyses of an 8-story building under an array of strong ground motions were also conducted to preliminary evaluate the implication of finite rotational capacity of vulnerable foundations. It was found that for the same soil as that of the experimental program foundations would have a deformation capacity that far exceeds the imposed rotational demands under the lateral load resisting members so yielding of the soil may constitute a reliable source of energy dissipation for the system.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.273-278
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• 2009

The experimental study is performed to investigate the optimum design of the system dissipating properly heat from the in-situ solar panel installed on site. For this purpose, six 12-Watts panels, which are set at the different conditions of the solar panels contained phase change material, changing the array of the aluminum fin and honeycomb at the back of the panel, are tested. PCM, which has $44^{\circ}C$ melting point, is chosen in this study. In order to enhance the thermal heat from the absorbed heat in PCM, finned aluminum plate is placed. Furthermore, Aluminum honeycomb is imbedded in the back container to find if it would improve the thermal conductivity of PCM. As a result, the solar panel, which is combined with honeycomb and outward fins with PCM instead of placing the fine inward, is showing the best performance in terms of controling panel temperature and efficiency.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

The experimental study was conducted to optimize the system dissipating properly heat from the in-situ solar panel installed on the roof. For this purpose, six 12-Watt panels, which were consisted of the different design conditions such as containing phase change material(PCM), changing the array of the aluminum fin and honeycomb at the back of the panel, were tested. PCM, which had $44^{\circ}C$ melting point, was chosen in this study. In order to enhance absorbing and expelling heatin PCM, profiled aluminum fin was placed either inward oroutward from the panel. Furthermore, Aluminum honeycomb is imbedded in the back container to find if it would improve the thermal conductivity of PCM. During the experiment, there were ranged to $26^{\circ}C\sim32^{\circ}C$ for outdoor temperature and $700W/m^2\sim1000W/m^2$ for irradiance. As a result, the solar panel, combined with honeycomb and outward fins with PCM instead of placing the fins inward, is showing the best performance in terms of controling panel temperature and its efficiency.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제34권
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• pp.196-209
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• 2001

Kunjung-mun Gate the only existing multi-level palace gate from the Chosun Dynasty, is the main fate of Kungjung-jun, the central building of Kyungbok-koong Palace. Sangryangmun(a written record of the construction of the ridge beam) of Kunjung-mun Gate was discovered in a hole under its main beam during the renovation project on September 19th, 2000. At the time of discovery, Sangryangmun was found in its original state as a rolled up scroll. On a clould-patterned, red silk cloth, 78 cm in width and 1200 cm in length, each of all 92 lines of the Kunjung-mun Sangryangmun is comprised of either 7 or 11 brush-written, ornamental "Seal" characters. With an exception of its discoloration, the material is considered well preserved. After its discovery, the National Institute of Cultural Properties stored the document in an airtight container for a permanent preservation. In accordance to the Royal Command at the time, the Kunjung-mun Sangryangmun was composed by Kim Byungi, then written by Lee Donsang on January 19th 1867. This document records the meaning and the process of the repair effort of Kunjung-mun Gate includes the wish for peace and longevity of the Chosun Kingdom and its people.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2020

해외 선진항만들은 컨테이너 터미널을 중심으로 터미널의 완전자동화뿐만 아니라 스마트화를 추진하고 있다. 스마트항만은 항만 자동화를 포함한 4차 산업혁명 기술의 도입으로 항만 운영의 효율성 증대 및 이익 극대화, 효율적인 에너지 사용 및 친환경 항만 구축 등을 지향하는 포괄적인 개념으로 정의할 수 있다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 4차 산업혁명 기술을 항만에 도입하기 위해 노력하고 있으나, 해외 선진항만에 비해 다소 미흡한 것으로 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 통해 비용, 서비스, 시간, 안전·환경 등 스마트항만의 도입 결정요인을 도출하여 광양항 컨테이너부두 운영자와 이용자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 스마트항만의 도입 결정요인과 도입의 찬성과 반대 의견에 있어 항만 운영자와 이용자의 조절변수가 투입되었을 때의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비용, 시간, 안전·환경요인에서 항만 운영자와 이용자의 조절효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었으나, 서비스 요인에서 조절효과가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 이처럼 항만 운영자의 경우 스마트항만 구축으로 효율적인 작업 및 시간 관리, 안전사고 감소 등을 통해 비용을 절감하고자 하나, 항만 이용자의 경우 스마트 항만이 가져올 부정적인 효과가 반영되었다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 조절회귀분석을 통해 연구의 결과를 도출하였으며, 결론에서 스마트항만 도입의 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

Background: Phosphogypsum is material produced as a byproduct in fertilizer industry and is generally used for building materials. This material may contain enhanced radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) activity concentration compared to its natural concentration that may lead to indoor radon accumulation. Therefore, an accurate measurement method is proposed in this study to determine ²²⁶Ra activity concentration in phosphogypsum sample, considering the potential radon leakage from the sample container. Materials and Methods: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) phosphogypsum reference material was used as a sample in this study. High-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry was used to measure the activity concentration of the ²²⁶Ra decay products, i.e., ²¹⁴Bi and ²¹⁴Pb. Marinelli beakers sealed with three different sealing methods were used as sample containers. Due to the potential leakage of radon from the Marinelli beaker (MB), correction to the activity concentration resulted in gamma spectrometry is needed. Therefore, the leaked fraction of radon escaped from the sample container was calculated and added to the gamma spectrometry measured values. Results and Discussion: Total activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra was determined by summing up the activity concentration from gamma spectrometry measurement and calculated concentration from radon leakage correction method. The results obtained from ²¹⁴Bi peak were 723.4 ± 4.0 Bq·kg^-1 in MB1 and 719.2 ± 3.5 Bq·kg^-1 in MB2 that showed about 5% discrepancy compared to the certified activity. Besides, results obtained from ²¹⁴Pb peak were 741.9 ± 3.6 Bq·kg^-1 in MB1 and 740.1 ± 3.4 Bq·kg^-1 in MB2 that showed about 2% difference compared to the certified activity measurement of ²²⁶Ra concentration activity. Conclusion: The results show that radon leakage correction was calculated with insignificant discrepancy to the certified values and provided improvement to the gamma spectrometry. Therefore, measuring ²²⁶Ra activity concentration in TENORM (technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material) sample using radon leakage correction can be concluded as a convenient and accurate method that can be easily conducted with simple calculation.