• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Virtual reality is one of the key emerging technologies of the 21th century and it has been used in a variety of ways in the fields of architectural research. Virtual reality is presented as an ideal alternative for studying the interaction between space and humans because it provides a realistic spacial experience while allowing experimenters to control environmental variables at a low cost easily. It allowed us to deepen our knowledge of human spatial experience in the built environment. However, existing reviews do not include the following points: 1) previous review research has been focused on using virtual reality technology in construction and engineering, not spatial experience, 2) recently, some review researches started to study the interaction between space and humans in the built environment, however, they do not suggest specific concepts of spatial experience. The present review aims to examine the existing literature about measuring spatial experience using virtual reality in architectural design. The study conducted a systematic qualitative review that analyzes and synthesizes the evolving literature regarding design elements, methodology, and usability. The study concludes with an overall discussion and their potential for providing further directions for future research.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2024

Thin-walled concrete-filled U-shaped steel beams have been recently used in building structures for shortening the construction period and cost efficiency of structural members. In this study, the flexural and shear behavior of newly developed bolt-connected U-shaped steel beams filled with concrete was experimentally evaluated considering load conditions for positive and negative moments, and types of U-shaped steel sections. Because the cross sections are not symmetrical about a horizontal axis, compressive buckling of bottom plates was observed along with web shear buckling under negative moment loading, while the slab concrete under compression was crushed under a positive moment loading. Despite such different shear failure modes depending on load conditions, the shear strength of the composite beams can be conservatively predicted using AISC 360-16 and Eurocode 4. Although the shear contribution of filled concrete is neglected according to the current design codes, the shear capacity of the steel web considering the shear buckling coefficient corresponding to the web width-to-thickness ratio reasonably predicts the test results. In addition, for deep composite beams, the longitudinal lips of a U-shaped steel section anchored into filled concrete can improve the interfacial bond between steel and concrete, thereby enhancing the shear contribution of the steel web.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

The construction of digital geographic information of Non-Urban Area have been needed to build a nationwide information infrastructure for the balanced development of nation to reduce a gap between city and Non-Urban Area due to the emphasis on a large scale digital map (1/1,000) implementation for cities. In this research, we researched the basic long-term blueprint for establishing digital geographic information in non-urban area. From the proposed institutional foundation, we want to build this information for Non-Urban Areas and to make a long-term plan to strengthen the national com petitiveness dealing with the globalization, liberalization, and information based on the digital geographic information in non-urban area. This study suggested 3 alternatives to implement digital geographic information of Non-Urban Area as follow. Firstly central government fund whole cost, secondly central government and local government fund a cost half and half, lastly combining first and second alternative. This study can be a basis on building national information infrastructure, provide core information for national projects and revitalize the use of spatial information for Non-Urban Area.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.228-231
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• 2015

In power system research fields, one of current key issues is the construction and commercialization of micro grid site which is called green island, carbon zero island, energy independent island, building micro grid, etc. and various affiliated technologies have been being vigorously developed to realize. In addition, various researches about electric vehicles (EVs) are in progress and it is expected to penetrate rapidly with the next a few years. Some new load models should be developed integrating with electric vehicle loads because the EVs' deployment could cause the change of load composition rate on power system planning and operations. EVs are also resources for micro grid as well as distributed generation and demand response so that various supply and demand side resources should be considered for micro grid researches. In this paper, the load composition rate of residential sectors is prospected considering the deployment of EVs and the resource configuration of micro grid is optimized based on net present cost. In the optimization, the load patten of case studies includes EV's charging characteristics and various cases are simulated comparing micro grid environment and normal condition. HOMER is used to compare various cases and economic effects.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.6 s.73
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

For the past scores of years, our country has driven its land development toward economic growth as its top priority. ut, as a result that almost all developments been promoted excepting environmental values, in fact, they've incurred some bad environmental effects desirable. Especially, as representative examples, we can raise some issues such as damages of the foreshore or coast wet lands by seas reclamation, and coast corrosion by building up of rivers or coast constructions. Recently, many people started to have great interests in businesses of environment preservation or recycling to minimize effects of these environmental matters. However, before beginning public businesses of non-commercial goods relevant to the seas environments, there seemed to be some limitations that can not accomplish under consideration of environmental sides at the same time while performing economic validities and efficiencies with environmental economic analysis, which is already effective in countries advanced in environment, it's a very meaningful course in that citizens' opinions are being influenced in seas environmental policies for their efficient execution. In this research, after modeling coast corrosion preventives with Jeong-am coast of Gangwon Province, and using Contingent Valuation Method being widely used of value measuring methods on Non-commercial goods, we've appreciated environmental economy's validity of construction works and the scale of environmental economic value of beach restoration work.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

In recent years, researchers are increasingly trying to use BIM-based 3D models for BIM nD design such as 4D (3D + Time) and 5D (4D + Cost). However, there are still many problems in efficiently using process management based on the BIM information created at each design stage. Therefore, this study proposes a method to automate 4D and 5D design support in each design stage by using BIM-based Dynamo algorithm. To do this, I implemented an algorithm that can automatically input the process information needed for 4D and 5D by using Revit's Add-in program, Dynamo. In order to support the 4D design, the algorithm was created to enable automatic process simulation by synchronizing process simulation information (Excel file) through the Navisworks program, BIM software. The algorithm was created to automatically enable process simulation. And to support the 5D design, the algorithm was developed to enable automatic extraction of the information needed for mass production from the BIM model by utilizing the dynamo algorithm. Therefore, in order to verify the 4D and 5D design support algorithms, we verified the applicability through consultation with related workers and experts. As a result, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to manage information about process information and to quickly extract information from design and design changes. In addition, BIM data can be used to manage and input the necessary process information in 4D and 5D, which is advantageous for shortening construction time and cost. This study will make it easy to improve design quality and manage design information, and will be the foundation for future building automation research.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.549-557
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• 2022

Tunnel face mapping involves the determination of rock discontinuities or weak rock conditions where extra support might be required. In this study, we investigated the application of Lidar scanning and photogrammetry to quantitatively characterize discontinuities of the rock mass on the tunnel face during excavation. The 3D models of tunnel faces generated by using these methods enable accurate and automatic discontinuity measurement to overcome the limitations of manual mapping. The results of this study show that both photogrammetry and Lidar can be used to reconstruct the 3D model of the tunnel face, although the photogrammetric 3D model is less detailed than its counterpart produced by Lidar. Given acceptable accuracy and cost-effectiveness, photogrammetry can be a fast, reliable, and low-cost alternative to Lidar for acquiring 3D models and determining rock discontinuities on tunnel faces.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

In this study, execution costs of the foundation system are compared with PHC and steel pile in the same soil layers and load condition. Steel piles installed on the thin weathered rock are reduced as 12.5% in comparison with the number of PHC piles. Steel piles installed on the soft rock through weathered rock with 1.7m of thickness reduce the number of piles as 35.7% (STK 400) and 46.4% (STK 490), respectively, in comparison with PHC piles installed on the weathered rock. Also, they reduce the number of piles as 26.5% (STK 400) and 38.8% (STK 490), respectively, in comparison with steel piles (STK 400) installed on the weathered rock. When the thickness of footings is constant, steel piles installed on the soft rock may reduce the area of footings up to 12.2% (STK 400) and 45.4% (STK 490), respectively, in comparison with PHC piles installed on the weathered rock. Total cost of foundation system installed on the soft rock with steel piles (STK 400) increases as 12%, whereas in case of replaced with steel piles (STK 490), it reduces as 16% in comparison with PHC piles installed on the weathered rock. This is because the cost reduction due to the number of piles and footing area is more effective despite high cost of steel piles (STK 490). When the thickness of weathered rock is less than 5m, installing steel piles (STK 490) on the soft rock through it is more economic in comparison with installing PHC piles on the weathered rock.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.285-292
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• 2014

BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a new paradigm that includes construction life-cycle, and BIM has become mandatory regulation according to the Public Procurement Service since 2016, which accelerates its application. BIM is now expand from architectural field to infrastructure industry. Through pilot projects, BIM has been challenged with verification process. This trend has affected to maintenance and operation (M&O) phase of construction life-cycle. Advanced country has already published their research and result with feasibility study and guidelines. In this paper, we conduct the feasibility study to adopt BIM-based infrastructure management system. Bridges and tunnels were selected as application target, and benefit/cost ratio were used. The result shows that BIM-based infrastructure management system is feasible when the level of detail is more than "Medium" in bridge, and "High" in tunnel.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.416-421
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• 2005

Most of solar system dissemination has been focused on domestic hot water system of which utilization to a building is relatively simple and safe than solar heating system. Through the survey on a cause of solar house dissemination failure in Korea, we conclude that design integration and systematic approach method for technology application are the most important element for a successful solar house. KIER(Korea Institute of Energy Research) and Hanbat National University have started new project on a development of Zero energy Solar House, called ZeSH which can be sustained just by natural energy without the support of existing fossil fuel. This is the 1st phase research of 10 years long-term ZeSH plan which develops a low-cost and $100\%$ self sufficient ZeSH. The goal of 1st phase ZeSH research is to get a $70\%$ self sufficiency only in thermal loads. Actual demonstration house, named KIER ZeSH I was designed and constructed as a result of 1st phase research work in the end of 2002. Various innovative technologies such as super insulation, high performance window, passive and active solar systems, ventilation heat recovery system are applied and evaluated to the KIER ZeSH I. A lot of computer simulations had been conducted for the optimal design and system integration in every design steps. Considering all the results from detailed hourly computer simulation, it is expected that at least $70\%$ self-sufficiency in thermal loads which is 1st phase target value can be excessively achieved in actual demonstration house. Besides, many valuable findings from the design and analysis to construction could be established such as collaboration method among the participants, practical design and construction techniques for system integration and the others. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the main findings through the development of KIER ZeSH I project. Practical guidelines in every design step for new low- or zero- energy solar house is proposed as result.