• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2001

버퍼링은 근접 관련 공간분석에서 흔히 사용되는 기능의 하나이다. 버퍼링은 불가피하게 새로운 다각형을 생성하게 되는데 이는 버퍼전 객체의 주변에 볼을 굴려서 얻어지는 외곽선으로부터 생성된다. 버퍼링 과정에서 버퍼전 객체 상에 존재하는 오차는 새로이 생성된 다각형인 버퍼 후 객체로 전파된다. 본 논문에서는 버퍼링 연산의 시행시 이와 같은 오차의 전파양상을 선험 프로젝트에 기반하여 분석하여 보았다. 이를 위해 두개의 자료모델인 다중선과 스플라인 곡선모델이 이용되었다. 두 모델을 이용하여 버퍼전 객체상의 오차를 분류하고, 수학적으로 정의하고, 측정하여 보았다. 측정을 위한 선험 프로젝트의 대상은 미국 위스콘신주에 있는 호수의 경계로 하였다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2003년도 The Korea-Japan Joint Symposium
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• pp.51-52
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• 2003

In order to understand the buffering behavior of hygroscopic fabric under subzero conditions, microclimates of the wool and PET clothing system were measured and compared. Vertical type Man-Clothing-Environment simulator was used to measure the microclimate at the environmental temperature of -10$^{\circ}C$. Buffering capacity was quantified by calculating from the depth and width of the hyperbolic curve of the graph. Hydrophilic wool fabrics showed better buffering capacity at the transient state than hydrophobic PET fabrics; which is attributed to the heat of sorption.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권12호
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• pp.1045-1053
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) 시스템에서 사용자 단말과 통신하는 상대노드 사이에 발생하는 양방향 지연을 고려하여 새로운 전력절감 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 전력절감 알고리즘은 양방향 지연을 겪는 트래픽 발생 패턴에 맞추어 기존 LTE 시스템의 전력절감 알고리즘에서 사용하는 단말 상태 천이 순서를 반대로 적용한다. 발생하는 양방향 지연을 수학적으로 모델링한 후 제안 전력절감 방식의 성능을 단말의 에너지 소비량과 패킷의 버퍼링 지연 관점에서 분석한다. 운용 파라미터의 변화에 따라 이들 성능을 에너지-지연 트레이드오프 곡선으로 특성화하고 이를 통해 제안하는 전력절감 방식이 기존 LTE 표준의 전력절감 방식과 비교하여 에너지와 지연 성능 모두를 효과적으로 향상시키고 있음을 확인한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Coal ashes generated from thermal power plants have been known as beneficial materials for agricultural use because of their nutrient elements. However, there is limitation to recycle them due to their alkalinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness or safety of the coal ashes for their heavy metals on agricultural recycling when adjusted to pH of 5 with sulfuric acid. METHODS AND RESULTS: Concentration of hydrogen which is needed to adjust pH of coal ash was estimated by using a buffering curve and then the amount of sulfuric acid was changed by the estimation before incubation. Each of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) was collected from both thermal plants of Yeongdong (YD) and Yeongheung (YH). The pH values of coal ashes increased to 4.76 (from 4.34) after incubation with sulfuric acid for 56 days, closer to the targeted pH. Coal ashes also increased the contents of available phosphorus by 2-fold (165 mg/kg) and 11-fold (1,137 mg/kg) for YDBA and YDFA, respectively, compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The utilization of coal ash with its acidity regulation would be very beneficial to agriculture sector and further suggest promising environmental safety against heavy metals.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제25권
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• pp.13-18
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• 2007

The aim of this research is to set improvement guidance a character analysis of woodland edge to cope with the ecological dysfunction of woodland which was caused by massive development project and thoughtless development in country areas. The summary of research result are as follows. 1) From the result of landscape ecology characteristic analysis of woodland in all seven research sites, to begin with, in proportion of appearance by vegetation layer and condition of composition, site 5 showed to be most satisfactory. 2) A width of woodland edge was revealed 7.5m as a minimum, 17.0m as a maximum, and 11.4m as a average and minimum edge was set as 10m according to integrated analysis on each example place. 3) As a result of flexibility analysis, site 1, 2 and 5 was shown high value 3, and it is thought that curve rather than linearity should be maintained in order to increase the ecological function. Also, a phenomenon of straight was prominent, and as a woodland edge, green network and buffering system showed to be somewhat unsatisfactory. 4) Based on the result of character analysis of landscape ecology, main guidelines for improvement of woodland edge were categorized into five in parallel structure and three in vertical structure respectively. The guidelines for improvement of woodland edge suggested by the research has a deep meaning in that it is used as a basic material to induce for controling more systematically or landscape-friendly the defamed forest problems caused by road construction, various development projects, and enlargement of agricultural lands.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2002

제주도 안디졸(Andisol) 토양 분포지역 중 화산성 쇄설물과 현무암으로부터 기원된 두 토양의 Bo층을 대상으로 완충능력을 계산하고 토양의 알루미늄 용해도가 완충능력에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 주상실험 결과는 pH 6.0과 4.0 부근에서 완충작용이 일어남을 보여 주며, 현무암기원의 토양보다 화산쇄설암기원 토양의 완충능력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 다양한 pH조건에서의 배치평형실험 결과 다량의 알루미늄 함유 광물상을 갖는 제주도 안디졸 토양 Bo층에서의 알루미늄 거동은 $Al(OH)_3$, 이모골라이트 혹은 프로토-이모골라이트 등의 고상에 주로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. Bo층 토양의 광물조성, 배치 평형실험결과, 그리고 주상실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때, pH 4.0 부근에서 나타나는 뚜렷한 완충능력($\beta$)은 깁사이트 및 프로토-이모골라이트의 용해도 특성에 의해서 좌우되는 것으로 해석된다. pH 6.0 내외의 완충작용은 규산염광물의 용해도 및 염기성양이온의 양이온교환반응에 의해 진행되고 있으나, 낮은 염기성 포화도는 토양산성화가 더 진행될 경우 이러한 완충효과가 오래 지속되지 못할 것임을 지시한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2004

인산은 식물 영양 물질과 환경 오염원으로 대비되는 불질이의로, 인산의 탈착 반응에 대한 연구는 농업과 환경에 관련된 토양 중에서 인산의 작용기작을 이해하기 위하여 필수적이다. 본 연구는 인산 탈착 유효량(Q)과 가용량(I)의 매개 변수($Q_{max}$ 및 $I_0$)와 관련된 인산 완충력을 측정하고, 그 매개 변수와 토양 특성간의 상관관계에 대한 특징을 조사하였다. 토양은 인산 무처리 표본과 $KH_2PO_4$ 용액을 사용하여 $100mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$의 농토를 처리한 표본을 이용하였다. 인산 탈착 Q/I 곡선은 음이온교환수지비즈법을 사용하여 얻었고, 실험 방정식 ($Q=aI^{-1}+bIn(I+1)+c$)을 이용하여 탈착 곡선을 설명하였다. 유효 인산 함량이 높은 토양 (${\g}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P)에서는 인산 처리 유무와 관계 없이 인산 탈착 Q/I 곡선은 특징적인 오목형 곡선 형태를 보였으나, 유효 인산 함량이 낮은 토양 (${\lt}20mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Olsen P)에서는 인산의 추가 처리 없이는 오목형 인산 탈착 Q/I 곡선을 얻을 수 없었다. 인산 추가 처리 시, 고형의 불안정 결합형 인산량$Q_{max}$)과 용액 내 인산량($I_0$)은 증가하였으나, $Q_{max}$ 와 $I_0$의 비율은 감소하였다. 그로 인하여, 인산의 완충력($|BP_0|$)을 나타내는 인산 탈차 Q/I 곡선의 경사가 감소하였다. 유효 인산 함량이 높은 토양 중 인산 무처러 표본의 인산 완충력($|BP_0|$)은 $48\;61L\;kg^{-1}$ 인산 추가 처리 표본의 인산 완충력은 $18\;44L\;kg^{-1}$ 사이에서 나타났으며, 실험에 사용된 모든 토양에 인산을 추가 처리한 후 나타난 인산 완충력은 $14\;79L\;kg^{-1}$ 사이에서 나타났으며, 또한 $Q_{max}$ 계수는 $71.4\;173.1mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$, $I_0$ 계수는 $0.98\;3.72mg\;P\;L^{-1}$ 사이에서 다양하게 나타났다. 인산 완충력을 지배하는 $Q_{max}$ 및 $I_0$, 계수는 토양 특성 중 하나의 특정 인자와 관련된 것으로는 볼 수 없었다. 그러나, 이들 계수는 토양 pH, 점토함량, 유기물함량 빛 석회함유 여부와 복잡하게 관련되어 있다. 또한, 토양으로부터 인산의 방출 활성은 처리된 인산의 천연 불안정 인산의 탈착성에 현저히 의존하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

The laboratory column experiments were used to transport of metal elements by infiltration-related dispersion and/or diffusion in mine tailing of the Guryong gold mine. The mine tailing shows the neutral pH (for a pore water) and contains quartz, chlorite, pyrite and calcite. Both a non-reactive solute ($Cl^-$ of 100 mg $L^{-1}$) and a reactive solute (1N HCl), were injected continuously through columns. The breakthrough curve in the non-reactive experiment reached at a maximum under 1.5 pore volumes (PV). The longitudinal dispersion (0.607 cm) and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient ($1.96{\times}10^{-7}cm^{2}sec^{-1}$) were calculated by the slope. In the reactive experiment, the plateau curve was appeared in the pH values of 5.3, 4.5 and 1.7. The releases of metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were observed to be related to the pH buffering. High concentrations of Mn, Cd and Zn were observed at the first pH plateau (4 PV and pH 5.3), whereas Fe, Cu, Al and Pb were released as the pH decreased to 4.0 or less. The resulting order of metals mobility, based on the effluent water, is Mn=Cd>Zn>Cu>Fe>Al>Pb.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1983

The in vivo and in vitro buffer capacities of true plasma and tissue buffer capaciies were compared on dogs. Intracellular pH was determined on skeletal muscle by a modification of the method of Schloerb and Grantham using $C^{14}$ DMO. The in vivo curve for plasma or extracellular fluid has a much lower slope than the in vitro curve. The in vivo slope of skeletal muscle in the dog is approximately 20 sl. The slope for skeletal muscle in vivo falls between the in vitro and in vivo slopes of true plasma. It appears that intracellular hydrogen ion varies linearly with extracellular hydrogen ion when $CO_2$ tension is changed. Both hydrogen ion gradient and Hi/He ratio vary in skeletal muscle, with an increase in $CO_2$ tension. Infusion of 0.3N HCl gave two distinct patterns, the $H_i-H_e$ gradient decreased; and it would appear that very little hydrogen ion as such penetrated to the inside of the cells during the time of observation. Although lactic acid presumably enters the cell and the same of larger load was given as was used for hydrochloric acid, only very mild intracellular acidosis resulted, ostensibly due to metabolism of this substrate. Gluconic acid produced a more severe acidosis, both intracellularly and extracellularly, but with both of these acids the hydrogen ion gradient decreased and the $H_i/H_e$ ratio also decreased. The experiments on the dogs with hemorrhagic shock the hydrogen ion increase producing the acidosis originates inside the cells. Even so, the hydrogen ion gradient increased only very slightly in the acute experiments. This may suggest that even over short intervals of time skeletal muscle cells have a capacity to pump out hydrogen ions at a rate which maintains approximately the normal $H_i/H_e$ gradient when the source of the hydrogen ion is in the interior of the cell.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.462-466
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• 2006

Close-to-nature stream evaluation is one of the processing to make the streams over in order to keep them natural. It is integral to evaluate and make an accurate analysis of them on the purpose of maintaining streams healthy. For many instances, there are, stream organization evaluation for restoration by German government, evaluation for ecosystem protection in natural preserves by New Zealand government, and stream-view evaluation for restoration by Britain government so on. In case of the country there are analysis and evaluation of stream physical organization by Cho, Yong-hyun, Close-to-nature stream evaluation for restoration by Kim, Dong-chan, evaluation of stream properties in korea by Park, Bong-jin. Close-to-nature evaluation by Lim, Chan-uk, that is advanced version of Park, Bong-jin's, shows form of stream including waterway curve, sand bar, diversity of flow, river bed material, diversity of minor bed, minor bed bank protection works, bank protection material. It also does environment of stream including side of minor bed vegetation, width of surface of the water/width of the river etc.. By the way, this evaluation does not have free access to apply those details above in the field, it often happens that you get various outcome from the one spot. so you must need more realistic testing method to obtain more accurate data. Remote sensing method is highly recommended because this is very useful for collecting realistic data of vegetation index. what is more, it can not only scan even the minimum area within its resolving power but also do obtain data anytime. Vegetation index indicates Ratio vegetation index, Normalized difference vegetation index, Soil adjusted vegetation index, Atmospherically resistant vegetation index etc.. The research is focusing on Cheokgwa stream which is the branch of Taehwa river and shows 19 sectioned Close-to-nature stream performed according to the method by Lim, chan-uk. Besides let you know vegetation index came from image data of satellite landsat 7 with the variation of buffering area, of the day 9. may. 2003. Of all, the outcome 0.758 at 200m buffer-zone of NDVI was the best we have got so far.