• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

ZnSnO thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) process using diethyl zinc ($Zn(C_2H_5)_2$) and tetrakis (dimethylamino) tin ($Sn(C_2H_6N)_4$) as metal precursors and water vapor as a reactant. ALD process has several advantages over other deposition methods such as precise thickness control, good conformality, and good uniformity for large area. The composition of ZnSnO thin films was controlled by varying the ratio of ZnO and $SnO_2$ ALD cycles. The ALD ZnSnO film was an amorphous state. The band gap of ZnSnO thin films increased as the Sn content increased. The CIGS solar cell using ZnSnO buffer layer showed about 18% energy conversion efficiency. With such a high efficiency with the ALD ZnSnO buffer and no light soaking effect, AlD ZnSnO buffer mighty be a good candidate to replace Zn(S,O) buffer in CIGSsolar cells.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.349-353
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• 1999

A novel polymeric tablet of tinidazole (TD) was formulated to treat Helicobacter pylori and Giardia lambria more efficiently with reduced hepatotoxicity by controlling the release of TD after oral administration. TD tablets containing various concentrations of either xanthan gum (XG, viscosity enhancer) and/or polycarbophil (PC, mucoadhesive) were prepared by the wet granulation method. In vitro release of TD into pH 2.0 and pH 5.0 buffer solutions was observed at 37°C by using an USP dissolution tester and an UV (313 nm) spectrophotometer. In vivo absorption of TD tablets was investigated in rabbits by measuring the blood concentration of TD after oral administration using a HPLC. Compared to a commercial TD tablet, in vitro release of TD in both pH 2.0 and pH 5.0 buffer solutions significantly decreased as the concentration: of XG or PC in the tablet increased up to 30%. However, when XG and PC was added in combination, TD was completely released in a pH 5.0 buffer solution within 8 hours, whereas the release of TD in pH 2.0 buffer solution significantly decreased. TD in a commercial tablet was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in rabbits. After oral administration of the polymeric tablets that contain both XG and PC, plasma concentration of TD dramatically decreased. Since the oral absorption of TD significantly decreased by the addition of XG and PC in the tablets while TD completely released in a pH 5.0 buffer solution, it was speculated that more TD was retained in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it was possible to control the release of TD by changing the content of XG and/or PC in the tablet, thereby manipulating the release rate and the gastrointestinal retention of TD after oral administration in rabbits.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2013

pH buffer capacities (pHBC, $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$) of 6 residual Entisols derived from granite, granite-gneiss, limestone, sandstone, shale, and basalt in Korea were studied. Soil acidity may become a problem if the soil pH is reduced to critical levels when nutrient cycles are unbalanced (especially N, C and S). The relation between the pHBC and the physico-chemical properties of the 6 soils was also studied. In the A horizons of all the soils except Euiseong series developed from sandstone, the contents of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were higher than those of C horizon, but bulk density and pH were lower than C horizon. Clay content of Euiseong series decreased with soil depth, which might be caused by the elluviation. The soils developed from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone have a higher $SiO_2$ content than those developed from basalt and limestone. The contents of $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO were high in the soils from developed from basalt, limestone and shale comparing with the soils from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone. The soils from basalt and limestone showed higher values of ignition loss than those from the other parent rocks. The pHBC of the soils was ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$ showing as follows : basalt, limestone > shale, granite-gneiss > granite sandstone.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2009

처분장 완충재의 재포화 및 열-수리-역학적 거동 규명을 위해서는 압축벤토나이트의 함수율 측정이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 고온, 고압 조건에서 실시간 자동계측이 가능한 습도센서를 이용하여, 여러 가지 온도와 함수율 (이하 중량함수율을 말함)을 갖는 압축벤토나이트를 대상으로 상대습도를 측정하고, 다중회귀분석으로부터 압축벤토나이트의 함수율과 상대습도 및 온도의 상관관계식을 결정하였다. 결정된 상관관계식은 건조밀도가 1,500 $kg/m^3$, 1,600 $kg/m^3$인 압축벤토나이트의 경우 각각 ${\omega}=0.196RH-0.029T+1.391({r^2=0.96)}$ 과 ${\omega}=0.199RH-0.029T+2.596({r^2=0.98)}$ 로 표시되었고, 이 관계식은 KENTEX실증실험의 벤토나이트블록 재포화 현상을 해석하는데 활용되었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

기존 H.264 프레임 단위 데이터율 제어는 버퍼 상태와 영상의 복잡도를 효율적으로 사용치 못하여 움직임이 많은 영상에 있어 영상 품질의 변화가 심한 단점이 있다. 특히 인코딩시 설정된 비트율이 낮고 (19.2 kbps 이하) 프레임율이 높아 (30 fps), 영상 프레임당 사용할 수 있는 비트가 작아지면 영상 품질의 변화는 더욱 심해진다. 본 논문에서는 안정된 영상품질과 버퍼상태를 얻기 위해 향상된 H.264 프레임 단위 데이터율 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 제안한 알고리즘은 기존 알고리즘에 비해 향상된 결과를 보였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1990

An oral adhesive tablet of acyclorir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine] for herpetic stomatitis was prepared and its physical properties were evaluated. 300 mg weighed tablets containing 30 mg of acyclovir were prepared with six kinds of polymers from direct compression, and the stickiness, fracture resistance and dissolution in pH 6.8 buffer solution were tested. HPMC and MC showed good stickiness and fracture resistance, and their dissolution rates were significantly different from each other. Three factors-HPMC:MC ratio, acyclovir content, compression force-were chosen as an important factor of manufacture and factorial analyses for these three factors were carried out. Eight kinds of formulations from different combination of three factors were prepared and tested in stickiness, fracture resistance and dissolution in pH 6.8 buffer solution. Dissolution rate was significantly affected by polymer ratio, fracture resistance was affected by compression force, and stickiness was not significantly affected by acyclovir content and polymer ratio.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.280-288
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• 1988

강원도(江原道) 지역(地域)의 답토양(畓土壤)이 널리 분포(分布)되어 있는 석회암지대(石灰岩地帶), 하성충적충지대(河成沖積層地帶), 현무암지대(玄武岩地帶) 토양(土壤)을 대상(對象)으로 하여 석회요구량(石灰要求量) 결정방법(決定方法)간의 차이(差異)를 실험적(實驗的)으로 비교(比較), 검토(檢討)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 석회요구량(石灰要求量)을 결정(決定)하는 7가지 방법(方法)($CaCO_3$ incubation method, $BaCl_2$-TEA method, SMP-single buffer method, Double buffer method, Adams and Evans method, SMP-double buffer method, O. R. D. method)을 비교(比較)한 결과(結果) 방법(方法)간에 큰 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. $CaCO_3$ incubation method를 기준(基準)으로 할 때 석회요구량(石灰要求量)은 $BaCl_2-TEA$ method가 가장 높았고, O.R.D. method 가 가장 적었으며, SMP-double buffer method가 강원도(江原道) 토양(土壤)에 비교적(比較的) 적합(適合)할 것으로 평가(評價)되었다. 3. 치환성(置換性) Al 함량(含量)의 100% 당량(當量)에 해당(該當)하는 $CaCO_3$를 가(加)하고 incubation한 경우 약(約) 70%의 중화율(中和率)을 나타냈다. 4. 활성(活性) Al 함량(含量)의 100% 당량(當量)에 해당(該當)하는 $CaCO_3$를 가(加)하고 incubation한 경우에는 약(約) 30%의 중화율(中和率)을 나타냈다. 5. 치환성(置換性) Al 및 활성(活性) Al 함량(含量)을 기준(基準)으로 한 석회요구량(石灰要求量)은 $CaCO_3$ incubation method에 비(比)해 적은 값을 나타냈다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2010

현재 제안되고 있는 고준위폐기물 심지층처분장의 설계에 따르면, 완충재와 뒷채움재의 재료로 벤토나이트 및 벤토나이트-모래 혼합물이 고려되고 있다. 후보물질인 경주벤토나이트를 대상으로, 압축 벤토나이트와 벤토나이트-모래 혼합물의 열전도도를 측정하였다. 경주벤토나이트와 벤토나이트-모래 혼합물의 열전도도를 건 조밀도, 함수비 및 모래 함량의 함수로서 예측할 수 있는 관계식을 제안하였다. 제안된 관계식은 실험 조건 하에서 열전도도를 10% 이내의 오차로 예측할 수 있다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2003

The electronic properties of the passive film formed on Fe-20Cr ferritic stainless steel in pH 8.5 buffer solution containing 0.05 M EDTA (ethylene diammine tetraacetic acid) were examined by the photocurrent measurements and Mott-Schottky analysis for the film. XPS depth profile for the film demonstrated that Cr content in the outermost layer of the passive film was higher in the solution with EDTA than that in the solution without EDTA, due to selective dissolution of Fe by EDTA. In the solution with EDTA, the passive film showed characteristics of an amorphous or highly disordered n-type semiconductor. The band gap energies of the passive film are estimated to be ~ 3.0 eV, irrespective of film formation potential from 0 to 700 $mV_SCE$ and of presence of EDTA. However, the donor density of the passive film formed in the solution with EDTA is much higher than that formed in the solution without EDTA, due to an increase in oxygen vacancy resulted from the dissolution of Fe-oxide in the outermost layer of the passive film. These results support the proposed model that the passive film formed on Fe-20Cr in pH 8.5 buffer solution mainly consists of Cr-substituted $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.308-324
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• 2018

HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is a promising technology for delivering video content over the Internet. HAS-based video streaming solutions rely on bandwidth estimation to select the appropriate video bitrate. Video streaming solutions that consider network conditions provide users with seamless video playback. However, when multiple clients compete for a common bottleneck link, conventional bandwidth estimation schemes that consider only one client overestimate the network bandwidth due to the ON-OFF traffic pattern. The bandwidth overestimation can cause Quality of Experience (QoE) degradation, such as unnecessary changes in video quality, and unfairness of video quality. In this paper, we propose a client-side bandwidth estimation scheme to obtain a better QoE of HAS in the multiple-client environment. The proposed scheme differentiates the client buffer status according to the buffer occupancy, and then estimates the available network bandwidth based on the buffer status and segment throughput. We evaluate the performance of HAS implemented in the ns-3 network simulator. Simulation results show that compared with the conventional schemes, the proposed scheme can enhance the QoE.