• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.519-524
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• 2013

pH buffer capacities (pHBC, $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$) of 6 residual Entisols derived from granite, granite-gneiss, limestone, sandstone, shale, and basalt in Korea were studied. Soil acidity may become a problem if the soil pH is reduced to critical levels when nutrient cycles are unbalanced (especially N, C and S). The relation between the pHBC and the physico-chemical properties of the 6 soils was also studied. In the A horizons of all the soils except Euiseong series developed from sandstone, the contents of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were higher than those of C horizon, but bulk density and pH were lower than C horizon. Clay content of Euiseong series decreased with soil depth, which might be caused by the elluviation. The soils developed from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone have a higher $SiO_2$ content than those developed from basalt and limestone. The contents of $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO were high in the soils from developed from basalt, limestone and shale comparing with the soils from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone. The soils from basalt and limestone showed higher values of ignition loss than those from the other parent rocks. The pHBC of the soils was ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$ showing as follows : basalt, limestone > shale, granite-gneiss > granite sandstone.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2013

This research was conducted to investigate effects of acid buffering capacity and soil component in treatment of phenanthrene using electrokinetic-Fenton process. In Hadong clay of high acid buffering and low iron oxide content, it was difficult to oxidize phenanthrene due to shortage of iron catalyst and scavenger effect of carbonate minerals. The desorbed phenanthrene conductive to Fenton oxidation was transported toward cathode by electroosmotic flow. However, in Youngdong illitic clay, oxidation of phenanthrene near anode readily occurred compared to Hadong clay due to high iron content and low acid buffering capacity.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권4호
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• pp.376-387
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• 1990

대기오염(大氣汚染)과 산성우(酸性雨)가 삼림토양(森林土壤)의 완충능(緩衝能)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 규명하기 위하여 이동오염원지역(移動汚染源地域)으로 서울지역(地域), 고정오염원지역(固定汚染源地域)으로 울산(蔚山) 및 여천지역(麗川地域) 그리고 대조지역(對照地域)으로 강원도(江原道) 평창지격(平昌地域)에서 토양시료(土壤試料)를 채취하여 인공산성우(人工酸性雨)를 처리(處理)하고 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)를 고찰(考察)해 볼 때 다음과 같았다. pH 3.0-5.7 수준(水準)의 인공산성우(人工酸性雨)에 대하여 토양용탈용액(土壤溶脫溶液)波이 나타낸 용액(溶液) pH의 수준(水準)은 강원도지역(江原道地域)에서 pH 6.2-7.1이었고, 다음이 울산(蔚山)으로 pH 3.8-6.0, 여천(麗川)은 pH 4.0-5.4, 서울이 pH 4.0-5.5로 나타나므로써 산성우(酸性雨)에 대한 토양완충능(土壤緩衝能)은 강원도(江原道)가 가장 컸으며 서울이 가장 낮았다. 그러나 pH 2.0의 산성우처리(酸性雨處理)에서는 각 지역(地域)에서 모두 토양완충능(土壤緩衝能)이 급격히 낮아졌다. 인공산성우(人工酸性雨)의 처리(處理)에 대한 토양완충능(土壤緩衝能)은 강원도지역(江原道地域)의 경우 화강암(花崗岩) 지역(地域)과 석탄암지역간(石炭岩地域間)의 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)를 나타냈고 서울과 울산지역(蔚山地域)의 경우 pH 3.0-5.7의 산성우(酸性雨)에 대해서는 오염원(汚染源)으로부터 거리(距離)가 멀어 질수록 토양완충능(土壤緩衝能) 유의적(有意的)으로 증가(增加)하였다. 인공산성우처리(人工酸性雨處理)에 대한 토양완충능(土壤緩衝能)의 기작(機作)은 강원도지역(江原道地域)의 경우 양(陽)이온치환(置換)이었으며, 서울지역(地域)에서는 pH 3.0 이상(以上)의 산성우(酸性雨)에 대해서는 양(陽)이온치환(置換)이 완충작용(緩衝作用)을 주도(主導)하였으나 pH 2.0에서는 Aluminum 및 Silicate hydrolysis가 주도(主導) 하였다. 울산지역(蔚山地域)의 경우 pH 3.0 이상(以上)에서는 양(陽)이온치환(置換)이, pH 4.5 이하(以下)에서는 Aluminum hydrolysis가, 그리고 pH 3.0 이하(以下)에서는 Aluminum hydrolysis 및 Silicate hydrolysis가 주도(主導)하였다. 여천지역(麗川地域)에서는 pH 4.5에서 Silicate hydrolysis가, pH 4.5 이하(以下)에서는 Aluminum hydrolysis가 주도(主導)하였다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1995

The variations of the soil texture, $SiO_2$ /$Al_2$$O_3$ ratio, buffer action, exchangeable base, ex-changeable hydrogen, and mineral nutrients were investigated to estimate the grade of the soil fertility of the soil derived from the different parent rocks such as the granite in Kwangnung and the basalt in Chejudo. The results investigated were showed as follows : Basalt soils in Chejudo belong to sandy clay, light clay and sandy clay loam, while gramite soils in Kwangnung sandy loam. The $SiO_2$ /$AI_2$$O_3$ ratio of the grassland in Chejudo was 1.11 and that of the oak forest soils was 1.24, while granite soils in Kwangnung 1.54 and 1.46, respectively. The buffer actions of ba-salt soils against the N /10 HCI and $Ca(OH)_2$ were stronger than those of granite soils. The $SiO_2$/$Al_2$$O_3$ + $Fe_2$$O_3$ ratios of grassland and oak forest soils of basalt in Chejudo showed 1.10 and 1.24 respectively, while those of the grassland and oak forest of Kwangnung 1.44 and 1.33. The base exchange capacity of basalt soils which has higher value of exchangeable hydrogen was stronger than that of granite soils. But the base saturation of granite soils showed higher value than that of basalt soils. Water contents of basalt soils in Chejudo was lower than that of granite soils fo Kwangnung Basalt soils in Chejudo contain still more humus and total nitrogen than gran-ite soils in kwangnung, The amount of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium of granite soils were more than that of basalt soils, Therefore, estimating the soil fertility, granite soils in Kwangnung is higher than that of basalt soils in Chejudo.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2000

본 연구는 황 원소를 이용하여 시설재배지의 일부 토양에서 나타나는 알칼리 반응을 교정하고자 실시하였다. 황 원소의 산화와 토양 pH에 미치는 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 토양 pH 8.3을 6.3으로 낮추는데 소요되는 황 시용량을 완충곡선으로부터 계산하여 황 소요량의 1~10배 수준까지 첨가하고 50% water holding capacity에 해당하는 수분을 가한 다음, $30^{\circ}C$로 유지되는 항온실에서 정치하였다. Incubation 동안 1주 간격으로 토양 pH 및 sulfate-S의 생성량을 조사한 결과, 토양 pH는 최초의 8.3에서 4~6주 사이에는 목표 pH인 6.3 부근으로 감소하였고, 이 때의 sulfat-S의 생성율은 100%를 상회하여 완충곡선법을 이용한 황 시용량 결정법이 적절함을 확인하였다. Pot 재배시험 결과, 중화량에 해당하는 황시용구의 토양 pH는 중성부근에 이르렀으나 상추수량은 무처리구와 차이가 없었으며, 목표 pH로 낮추기 위한 황 소요량의 약 3배 이상 과량 첨가한 처리구의 토양 pH는 4.8 수준으로 급격히 감소하고 토양중 추출성 미량원소의 농도가 증가하여 상추 수량은 현저히 감소하는 한편, 식물체중 N/S비율의 감소가 나타나 과다한 황 시용으로 토양 양분의 불균형화 및 작물의 수량감소를 초래하였다. 따라서 토양 pH 조정을 목적으로 황 원소를 시용할 경우 정확한 시용량을 준수하고, 토양에 존재하는 기존의 sulfate-S 농도가 높을 경우에는 분시를 통하여 토양내 sulfate-S 농도가 일시적으로 크게 증가하지 않도록 관리해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 liming의 경우 포장에서는 실내나 pot 조건과 다르게 포장의 석회인자(Liming factor)를 구하여 석회시용량을 조절하는 것과 같이 토양의 pH를 낮추는 경우도 포장의 acidifying factor에 관한 별도의 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 한편 완충곡선법을 이용한 황 시용량 결정법을 보다 단순화하기 위하여 0.1N-HCl을 이용한 완충곡선법을 고안하였으며, 이 방법은 토양산도를 목표 pH까지 저감시키는데 소요되는 0.1N-HCl의 량을 구하여 제안된 계산식에 적용하면 쉽게 황 소요량을 구할 수 있으므로 알칼리성 토양 상토 및 호산성 작물재배토양의 pH조정에 이용 가능할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1997년도 총회 및 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.8-11
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• 1997

Current methods of evaluating soil contamination by heavy metals rely on analyzing samples for total contents of metals or quantities recovered in various chemical extracting solutions. Results from these approaches provide only an index for evaluation because these methodologies yield values not directly related to bioavailability of soil-borne metals. In addition, even though concentrations of metals may be less than those required to cause toxic effects to biota, they may cause substantial effects on soil chemical parameters that determine soil quality and sustainable productivity. The objective of this research was to characterize effects of Cu or Cd additions on soil solution chemistry of soil quality indices, such as pH, EC, nutrient cation distribution and quantity/intensity relations (buffer capacity). Metals were added at rates ranging from 0 to 400 mg/kg of soil. Soil solution was sequentially extracted from saturated pastes using vacuum. Concentrations of Cu or Cd remaining in soil solutions were very low as compared to those added to the soils, warranting that most of the added metals were recovered as nonavailable (strongly adsorbed) fractions. Adsorption of the added metals released cations into soil solution causing increases of soluble cation contents and thus ionic strength of soil solution. At metal additions of 200~400 mg/kg, EC of soil solution increased to as much as 2~4 dS/m; salinity levels considered high enough to cause detrimental effects on plant production. More divalent cations (Ca+Mg) than monovalent cations (K+Na) were exchanged by Cu or Cd adsorption. The loss of exchangeable nutrient cations decreased long-term nutrient supplying capacity or each soil. At 100 mg/kg or metal loading, the buffering capacity was decreased by 60%. pH of soil solution decreased linearly with increasing metal loading rates, with a decrement of up to 1.3 units at 400 mg Cu/kg addition. Influences of Cu on each of these soil quality parameters were consistently greater than those of Cd. These effects were of a detrimental nature and large enough in most cases to significantly impact soil productivity. It is clear that new protocols are needed for evaluating potential effects of heavy metal loading of soils.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.182-186
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• 2001

An acid forest surface soil as a land farming medium was treated with a water plant alum sludge at 0 to 18%. Indian mustard was grown in the treated soil in a greenhouse for 5 weeks and watered with pH 4 tap water adjusted with a mixed acid (1HNO$_3$: 2H$_2$SO$_4$) during plant growth. Changes in soil property, leachate chemistry, plant growth, and plant uptake of elements by the sludge treatment were determined. The alum sludge treatment increased buffer capacity to acidity, hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, and phosphate adsorption of the soil and decreased bulk density and mobility of small particles. The sludge treatment reduced leaching of Al, Mg, K, Na, and root elongation. Plant did uptake less amount of the cations and P but more Ca with the sludge treatment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2005

토양 pH는 토양화학반응의 결과로 토양용액으로 해리하는 수소이온을 나타내는 intensity factor이고 토양의 알루미늄에 의하여 수소이온이 완충되고 있다. 토양 양이온에 의하여 알루미늄의 수소이온 완충기능이 저하되면 토양 pH 양상이 달라지므로 토양 EC에 따른 토양 pH 양상은 토양의 pH 완충력 등 토양관리를 위한 중요한 정보를 담고 있다. 토양에 투입되는 양분에 의하여 토양 pH가 달라지는 현상을 구명하고 시설재배지 토양의 EC에 따른 토양 pH 양상을 파악하기 위하여 사양토에는 가축분과 퇴비 및 비료를 넣고 시설재배지 토양은 무처리 상태로 $30^{\circ}C$에서 5, 10, 20, 40일간 호기항온 후 토양과 토양용액의 화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 가축분을 첨가한 사양토의 pH 양상은 토양에 첨가된 양이온 함량에 비례하여 pH가 올라갔으며 양분이 축적된 시설토양의 pH 양상은 양분함량이 많을수록 pH가 낮아졌다. 따라서 토양 EC가 높아질 때 토양 알루미늄의 수소이온 완충력이 높은 상태에서는 토양의 pH는 양이온의 양에 비례하여 올라가지만 토양 알루미늄의 수소이온 완충력이 저하된 상태에서는 토양의 음이온의 양에 비례하여 pH가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.306-309
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• 2003

The natural soil containing organic matter and ferrous is used in the Electrokinetic-Flushing Remediation(EFR) tests. A series of tests are carried out through controlling the concentration of acetic acid in the EFR cell. The test results showed that the electrical potential in X/L=0.9 is increased with the increasing of the concentration, and pH in the sample is the similar at all of the region because of the buffer capacity of natural soil. Finally, the efficiency of EFR is enhanced at acetic acid of 1mM. But it may not be not strongly affected by the concentration of acetic acid.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to characterize the vertical transport trend of dissolved elements through throughfall, stemflow, effluent from Ao layer, and leachate out of soil profile on Pinus koraiensis stand in Experimental Forest of Kyunghee University, located in Kwangju, Kyunggi province for 12 months from July, 1998 to Jun, 1999. In addition, we investigated the content of dissolved elements and the factors influencing the water chemistry concentrations separately collected from the field. Water movement in the process of throughfall and stemflow from precipitation, and rainfall leached from Ao layer into soil water was governed by concentration of through fall, precipitation, rainfall intensity, seasonal variation, and other factors. Also, smaller changes of pH in soil water than that of dissolved elements in soil water could contribute buffer capacity, as well as balancing the concentration between cations and anions.