• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2015

The present paper aims at improving the modeling of turbulence for the upward turbulent bubbly flow through the use of experimental databases that contain data on small and large vertical ducts. First, the role of bubble-induced turbulence was analyzed, which indicated the dominant role of the bubble-induced turbulence in the duct center for relatively high void fraction cases. Therefore, the turbulence therein was mainly focused on, which indicated that the stronger turbulence could be induced by bubbles in large ducts with similar void fractions as compared to that in small ducts. Next, the turbulence of upward turbulent bubbly flow near the wall is discussed to understand the interaction between the wall-induced and bubble-induced turbulence. It showed that the existence of a wall could suppress the bubble-induced turbulence given the same void fraction, and the existence of bubbles could also suppress the solely wall-induced turbulence as compared to the single-phase turbulent flow, even though the total turbulence is enhanced. The above characteristics indicated that the current turbulence modeling method needs to be modified, especially when the bubble-induced turbulence plays a dominant role.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.1318-1325
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• 2017

Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) serves as an irreplaceable tool to probe the complexities of multiphase flow and identify turbulent mechanisms that elude conventional experimental measurement techniques. The insights unlocked via its careful analysis can be used to guide the formulation and development of turbulence models used in multiphase computational fluid dynamics simulations of nuclear reactor applications. Here, we perform statistical analyses of DNS bubbly flow data generated by Bolotnov ($Re_{\tau}=400$) and LueTryggvason ($Re_{\tau}=150$), examining single-point statistics of mean and turbulent liquid properties, turbulent kinetic energy budgets, and two-point correlations in space and time. Deformability of the bubble interface is shown to have a dramatic impact on the liquid turbulent stresses and energy budgets. A reduction in temporal and spatial correlations for the streamwise turbulent stress (uu) is also observed at wall-normal distances of $y^+=15$, $y/{\delta}=0.5$, and $y/{\delta}=1.0$. These observations motivate the need for adaptation of length and time scales for bubble-induced turbulence models and serve as guidelines for future analyses of DNS bubbly flow data.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.930-938
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• 2018

잠수함에서 발생하는 수중방사소음은 적함의 소나에 의해 피탐될 확률과 직결되며, 잠수함 저소음화 방안은 생존성 향상을 위해 필수적이다. 최신 잠수함의 경우 기계류 소음저감 및 고속/대형화가 진행됨에 따라 선체 주위에 발생하는 유동소음에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자유수면의 효과를 고려하여 잠수함 형상 주위에 발생하는 유동소음 수준을 예측할 수 있는 소음해석기법을 개발하였다. 잠수함이 자유수면 근처 운항시에 잠수함 주위 유동장의 교란에 의해 발생하는 난류유동소음과 쇄파버블에 의한 소음이 발생한다. 먼저 잠수함 주위 유동장 해석을 위해, VOF법 기반의 비압축성 이상유동(two-phase flow)해석을 수행하여 잠수함 주위 자유수면 형상과 유동장 정보를 도출하였다. 이후 난류유동소음해석을 위해 음향상사기법인 Permeable FW-H를 적용하였고, 쇄파버블 소음해석을 위해 유동해석에서 도출된 난류운동에너지 분포결과를 기반으로 쇄파버블 소음모델을 적용하였다. 최종적으로 개발된 유동소음 해석기법은 선박해양플랜트연구소(KRISO)의 대형캐비테이션터널(LCT)에서 수행된 잠수함 모형 유동소음계측 실험결과와 비교를 통해 검증을 수행하였다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

An experimental study to evaluate dynamic structures of flow and turbulence characteristics in bubble-driven liquid flow in a rectangular tank with a varying flow rate of compressed air is conducted. Liquid flow fields are measured by time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) with fluorescent tracer particles to eliminate diffused reflections, and by an image intensifier to acquire enhanced clean particle images. Instantaneous vector fields are investigated by using the two frame cross-correlation function and bad vectors are eliminated by magnitude difference technique. By proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, the energy distributions of spatial and temporal modes are acquired. When Reynolds number increases, bubble-induced turbulent motion becomes dominant rather than the recirculating flow near the side wall. The total kinetic energy transferred to the liquid from the rising bubbles shows a nonlinear relation regarding the energy input because of the interaction between bubbles and free surface.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2002

The fundamental mechanism of a dispersed two-phase flow was investigated. Experiments were carried out to understand how the particles behaves under the influence of the particle size, shape, metamorphoses (bubble) and buoyancy of a single particle which is ascending from the standstill water. Two CCD cameras were employed for image processing of the behavior of the particles and the surrounding flow, which was interpreted with the technique of correlation PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and PTV (Particle Tracking Veloci- metry), respectively The experimental results showed that the large density difference bet- ween a particle and water caused high relative velocity and induced zigzag motion of the particle. Furthermore, the turbulence intensity of a bubble was about twice the case of the spherical solid particle of similar diameter.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.895-901
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• 2004

Single-phase convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer were locally investigated for confined planar water jets. The detailed distributions of the wall temperature and the convection coefficient as well as the typical boiling curves were discussed. The curve for the single-phase convection indicated the developing laminar boundary layer, accompanied by monotonic increase of the wall temperature in the stream direction. Boiling was initiated from the furthest downstream as heat flux increased. Heat transfer variation according to the streamwise location was reduced as heat flux increased enough to create the vigorous nucleate boiling. Velocity effects were considered for the confined free-surface jet. Higher velocity of the jet caused the boiling incipient to be delayed more. The transition to turbulence precipitated by the bubble-induced disturbance was obvious only for the highest velocity, which enabled the boiling incipient to start in the middle of the heated surface, rather than the furthest downstream as was the case of the moderate and low velocities. The temperature at offset line were somewhat tower than those at the centerline for single-phase convection and partial boiling, and these differences were reduced as the nucleate boiling developed. For the region prior to transition, the convection coefficient distributions were similar in both cases while the temperatures were somewhat lower in the submerged jet. For single-phase convection, transition was initiated at $x/W{\cong}2.5$ and completed soon for the submerged jet, but the onset of transition was retarded to the distance at $x/W{\cong}6$ for the fee-surface jet.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2002년도 제24회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.123-132
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• 2002

A numerical study was conducted to investigate the combustion phenomena of normal start and unstart processes based on ISL's RAMAC 30 experiments with different diluent amounts and fill pressures in a ram accelerator. The initial projectile launching speed was 1.8 km/s which corresponded to the superdetonative speed of the stoichiometric $H_2/O_2$ mixture diluted with 5 $CO_2$ or 4 $CO_2$. Experiments with same condition except for projectile surface material demonstrated that ignition was successful with an aluminum projectile, but no combustion was observed in case of a steel projectile. In this study, it was found that neither shock nor viscous heating was sufficient to ignite the mixture at a low speed of 1.8 km/s, as was found in the experiments using a steel projectile. However, we could succeed in igniting the mixtures by imposing a minimal amount of additional heat to the combustor section and simulate the normal start and unstart processes found in the experiments with an aluminum projectile. For the numerical simulation of supersonic combustion, multi-species Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model and detailed chemistry reaction equations of $H_2/O_2/CO_2$ suitable for high-pressure gaseous combustion were considered. The governing equations were discretized by a high order accurate upwind scheme and solved in a fully coupled manner with a fully implicit, time accurate integration method. The numerical results matched almost exactly to the experimental results. As a result, it was found that the normal start and unstart processes depended on the strength of gas mixture, development of shock-induced combustion wave stabilized by the first separation bubble, and its size and location.