• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1222-1230
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• 2009

A theoretical model was developed to compute the effect of a bubble layer in reducing the radiation noise generated by a force applied on an infinite flat plate considering the noise of multi-bubbles. Using the model, the effectiveness of a bubble layer in reducing the structure-borne noise of the plate was evaluated to consider various parameters such as the source noise levels, the thickness of bubble layers, the volume fractions and the frequency characteristics of bubbly fluids. Considering the noise of multi-bubbles, the actual reduction effect of radiation noise using a bubble layer was expected in cases of high source levels, high volume fractions of bubbles and large thickness of the bubble layer above the resonance frequency of the bubble layer. Accordingly, it is recommended that the thickness of a bubble layer, the source noise level and the characteristics of bubbly fluids should be optimized cautiously to maximize noise reduction effects.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2007

The mixture sound speed in bubbly fluids is highly dispersive due to differences of the density and compressibility between bubbles and fluids. The dispersion range in bubbly fluids expands to a higher frequency than the resonance frequency of an air bubble. A theoretical model was developed to compute the reduction of radiation noise that is generated by a force applied on an infinite flat plate using a bubble layer as a compliant baffle. For evaluating the effectiveness of a bubble layer in reducing the structure-borne noise of an infinite elastic plate, the noise reduction levels for various parameters such as the thickness of bubble layers, the volume fractions and the distribution types of bubbly fluids are calculated numerically. The noise reduction effect of an air bubble layer on an infinite flat plate is considerable level and similar to the tendency of dispersion of bubbly fluids. It is recommended that the thickness of a bubble layer should be increased with keeping an appropriate volume fraction of an air bubble for the most effective reduction of the radiation noise.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2020

해양구조물의 파일링 소음을 줄이기 위한 기포커튼과 선체 진동에 의한 수중방사소음 차단을 위한 에어마스커에 대하여 각각의 삽입손실 해석해를 유도하였다. 해석해를 구하기 위해 기포커튼과 에어마스커를 각각 '유체-기포층-유체' 그리고 '진공-평판-유체-기포층-유체'의 단순 모델로 가정하였고, 각 모델에서 해당 기포층을 복소수 형태의 파수와 임피던스로 규정된 유효매질로 치환하였다. 수치 모의를 통해 기포의 분포, 기포율, 그리고 기포층의 두께에 따른 삽입손실의 특성을 살펴보았다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술기술논문발표대회 논문집
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

This paper reported the temperature history of concrete placed at deck plate slab under cold climate condition by varying with surface insulating type. No curing sheet and simple insulation curing including non-woven fabric, double layer bubble sheet, the combination of double layer bubble sheet and non-woven fabric dropped temperature below zero within 24 hours, which caused frost damage at early age. On the other hand, the combination of double layer bubble sheet and non-woven fabric and double layer bubble sheet and styrofoam maintained minimum temperature above $4^{\circ}C\;and\;8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Based on core test results compressive strength of concrete with the combination of double layer bubble sheet and non-woven fabric and double layer bubble sheet and styrofoam was higher than those with other curing method due to good insulation effect.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2015

Recently, the major trends of NIL are high throughput and large area patterning. For UV NIL, if it can be proceeded in the non-vacuum environment, which greatly simplifies tool construction and greatly shorten process times. However, one key issue in non-vacuum environment is air bubble formation problem. In this paper, numerical analysis of bubble defect of UV NIL is performed. Fluent, flow analysis focused program was utilized and VOF (Volume of Fluid) skill was applied. For various resist-substrate and resist-mold angles, effects of velocity inlet and residual layer thickness of resist on bubble defect formation were investigated. The numerical analyses show that the increases of velocity inlet and residual layer thickness can cause the bubble defect formation, however the decreases of velocity inlet and residual layer thickness take no difference in the bubble defect formation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제27권3E호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

Measurements of bubble size and distribution in the surface layer of the sea, wind speed, and variation of ocean environments were made continually over a four-day period in an experiment conducted in the South Sea of Korea during 17-20 September 2007. Theoretical background of bubble population model indicates that bubble population is a function of the depth, range and wind speed and bubble effects on sound speed shows that sound speed varies with frequency. Observational evidence exhibited that the middle size bubble population fit the model very well, however, smaller ones can not follow the model probably due to their short lifetime. Meanwhile, there is also a hysteresis effect of void fraction. Observational evidence also indicates that strong changes in sound speed are produced by the presence of swarms of micro bubbles especially from 7 kHz to 50 kHz, and calculation results are consistent with the measured data in the high frequency band, but inconsistent in the low frequency band. Based on the measurements of the sound speed and high frequency transmission configuration in the bubble layer, we present an estimation of underwater acoustic channel capacity in the bubble layer.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.618-621
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• 2006

This paper is to investigate temperature history of cold weather concrete depending on insulation curing sheet kinds. Insulating effect according to curing sheet is shown in order of 5 layer bubble sheet, combination of PE form and 3 layer bubble sheet and 3 layer bubble sheet. It maintained above $10^{\circ}C$ of minimum temperature until the completion of initial curing period when bubble curing sheet was supplied regardless of curing sheet kinds. Five layer bubble curing sheet secure higher curing temperature than any other curing sheet applied in this experiment by as much as $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$, which performed remarkable insulation effect. Concrete applied with curing sheet secured above $65^{\circ}D{\cdot}D$ of maturity, at which concrete had 5MPa of compressive strength at 3 days.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 내부 유체를 갖는 수중에 몰수된 탄성 쉘이 기포층으로 둘러싸여 있을 때의 음향 방사를 모드 이론을 이용해 연구했다. 전 방향성의 점음원이 내부 유체의 중심에 위치해 있고 음향 소음원으로서 사용되었다. 모드 해의 미지수는 매질 사이의 경계조건으로부터 계산된다. 넓은 주파수 대역에서 모드 해의 안정성을 유지하기 위해, 모드 해의 규격 기법이 사용되었다. 기포 층은 Commander와 Prosperetti의 유효 매질 이론에 기반하여, 단일 모드 분포, 균일 분포, 정규 분포, 멱함수 분포를 이용해 각각 모의되었다. 각각의 기포 분포에 대해 삽입손실이 주파수에 대해 계산되었다. 추가적으로 공극비, 탄성 쉘의 매질 특성, 탄성 쉘과 기포층의 간극의 영향에 대한 수치해석을 수행했다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1993년도 학술논문발표회 논문집 제12권 1호
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• pp.190-194
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• 1993

In the ocean bubble layers play a significant role in the sound propagation as well as sound generation. Most of early works dealt with acoustic properties of the bubble layers with sharp flat boundaries. Bubble layers with sharp flat boundaries. Bubble layers with transition sublayers are more likely in the coean. In this paper a theory of sound propagation through plane bubble layers with transition sublayers at both borders was developed. It shows that the reflection and transmission coefficients depend on the thickness of transition sublayers. The theory with thicker transition sublayers shows weaker resonance properties of bubble layer. It gives better presentation for the peculiar behavior of the experimental data than that with sharp flat boundaries.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.726-733
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• 2004

The growth of the critical size bubble by diffusion process in viscoelastic medium was treated by an integral method for the concentration boundary layer adjacent to the bubble wall. In this study, we obtained a set of the first order time dependent equations to obtain bubble radius and gas pressure inside the bubble simultaneously. The calculated final cell sizes depending on the initial saturation pressure are in close agreement with the observed ones. The governing equations developed in this study may be used in polymer processing of microcellular foams.