• 생약학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1976

To compare the effects of red Ginseng and white Ginseng on the growth of experimental animals, both Ginseng were given to Broiler male chicken. Red and white Ginseng were administered to Broiler chicken in doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4g per kg weight of chicken. The increase in weight were 282g in red Ginseng group and 162g in white Ginseng group compared with control group. The increase of the feeding amounts per kg weight were 2.4kg for red Ginseng group, 2.67kg for white Ginseng group and 2.87kg for non-treated group. The growth of each organ in the red Ginseng group showed favorable increase trend than white Ginseng group as a whole and, particularly, considerable significance were observed in liver and brain. These results suggest that red Ginseng has better effect on the growth of chicken and organ than white Ginseng does.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaves(EUOL) on the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicks. The dietary treatments consisted of the control diet(corn-soybean meal basal), and EUOL 2, 4, and 6% diets. The latter three diets were prepared by adding 2, 4, and 6% EUOL to the control diet. Ninety-six Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 pens; four pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. The growth performance and carcass weight of broiler chicks fed EUOL diets were not significantly different(P>O.05) from the control birds. Also, the muscle color degrees(L*a*b *)in brolier chicks were similar to each other. The blood concentrations of protein, sugar and glutamic-pyruvic transarninase(GPT) were not different(P>O.05) between control and treatment groups. The blood total cholestrol content was significantly(P<0.05) decreased by the addition of EUOL. However, the addition of EUOL did not change the muscle components significantly. The bone hardness of broiler chicks fed EUOL was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of control chicks.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1996

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of skip-a-day feeding program in early growing stage of male broiler chicks on the compensatory growth, and development of visceral organs during the later realimentation period. Day-old 328 male broiler chickens( Avian x Avian) were divided into control(ad libitum feeding) and skip-a-day feeding(limited feeding) treatments. Each treatment was consisted of 4 pens( replicates) of 41 birds each. Chickens on the skip-a-day program were fasted every other day during the second wk of age(8~15 d of age). During the starter period(0~4 wk), chickens were fed a commercial crumble diet. A commercial pellet diet was fed to chickens during the finishing period( 5~8 wk). Chickens were group-weighed every week, and one bird was selected from each pen to measure carcass characteristics. The skip-a-day program delayed the growth rate of male broilers up to 4 wk of age(P

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2017

The microbial community is known to have a key role during the rearing period of broilers. In this study, gut microbial composition and diversity were examined to evaluate the relationships between these factors and broiler growth performance. By applying 454-pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, six fecal samples from four- and 28-day-old chickens from three broiler farms and 24 intestinal samples of broilers with heavy and light body weights were analyzed. Microbial composition assessment revealed Firmicutes to be the most prevalent phylum at farm A, while Proteobacteria were predominant at farms B and C. Fecal microbial richness and diversity indices gradually increased from four to 28 days at all three farms. Microbial diversity assessment revealed that small intestine microbial diversity was lower in heavy birds than in light birds. In light birds, the Firmicutes proportion was lower than that in heavy birds. In conclusion, each broiler farm revealed a specific microbial profile which varied with the age of the birds. The microbial communities appeared to affect growth performance; therefore, gut microbial profiles can be utilized to monitor growth performance at broiler farms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.979-984
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Ca concentrations in low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets containing phytase on growth performance, bone mineralization, litter quality, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) incidence in growing broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 1,800 21-day-old Ross 308 growing broiler chickens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicated cages. Six diets were formulated to provide increasing Ca concentrations of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0 g/kg in diets. The concentrations of NPP in all diets were maintained at 3.0 g/kg, and phytase was supplemented to all diets at the level of 1,000 fytase units (FTU)/kg. At the end of the 14-d feeding trial, birds were euthanized for tibia sampling, and litter samples were collected from 3 areas in the cage. The FPD incidence was measured based on a 6-point scoring system. Results: Dietary Ca concentrations had no effect on growth performance of growing broiler chickens. However, a tendency (linear, p = 0.05) for decreased feed efficiency was observed as dietary Ca concentrations were increased. The concentrations of Ca and P in the tibia of broiler chickens increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.01) with increasing Ca concentrations in low NPP diets containing phytase. Litter pH, moisture, and N contents were not affected by increasing Ca concentrations in low NPP diets containing phytase. However, a tendency (quadratic, p = 0.10) for increased FPD incidence with increasing dietary Ca concentrations was observed. Conclusion: Dietary Ca concentrations from 4.0 to 9.0 g/kg in low NPP diets containing phytase have little effects on growth performance of growing broiler chickens. However, Ca and P concentrations in the tibia are decreased if dietary Ca concentrations are less than 5.0 g/kg. The FPD incidence for growing broiler chickens may be decreased if less than 9.0 g/kg of Ca is included in diets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1328-1343
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• 2021

The effect of Multi-Carbohydrase (MC) supplementation on growth performance, visceral organ weights, blood metabolites, jejunum morphology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass parameters of broiler chickens fed nutrient-deficient corn soybean-meal based diets containing high levels of non-starch polysaccharides from wheat and wheat by-products was investigated. A total of 378 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments to give six replicates per treatment (nine birds per pen). Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) positive control (PC; commercial standard diet); (2) negative control 1 (NC-1; PC-120 kcal/kg metabolizable energy); (3) NC-2 (PC-3% standardized ileal digestibility [SID] amino acids). The remaining four dietary treatments were formulated with the addition of MC (MC; Superzyme-CS^TM) into two negative controls along with two supplementation levels of MC (i.e., 0.025% and 0.05%, respectively). Improved body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) were observed in broiler chickens fed a reduced energy diet supplemented with MC compared to birds fed NC-1 diet from days 1-35. Additionally, birds fed a reduced energy diet with 0.05% MC showed comparable (p > 0.05) growth performance with birds fed PC for 35-day post-hatch. Furthermore, the addition of MC into reduced amino acid diets improved (p < 0.05) growth performance. Broiler chickens fed MC supplemented nutrient-deficient diets showed a greater (p < 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio than birds fed diets without MC on days 21 and 35. Similarly, improved (p < 0.05) nutrient digestibility was observed in birds fed reduced energy diets supplemented with MC compared to birds fed NC-1 on days 21 and 35. Our results suggest that MC supplementation into reduced energy or reduced amino acid diets containing wheat and wheat by-products has the potential to improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility while maintaining healthier gut morphology in broiler chickens from 1 to 35 days of age.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.192-201
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• 1985

whey는 높은 lactose 함량 때문에 소화(消化) 흡수(吸收)가 좋지 못하여 영양학적(營養學的)으로 중요한 식품자원(食品資源)임에도 불구하고 많은 양이 이용되지 못하고 버려지고 있다. 따라서 chitin powder를 첨가(添加)하여 whey의 소화(消化) 흡수(吸收)를 촉진(促進)시킬 수 있는지 알아보기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로서 broiler chick을 대상으로 사료(飼料)에 dried whey와 chitin을 첨가(添加)하여 4주간 사육시험(飼育試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 실험에서 동량의 에너지와 단백질 수준일 때 broiler chick의 성장(成長)에 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않는 dried whey의 첨가수준(添加水準)의 한계는 15%였다. 2. 사료에 20% dried whey를 첨가하는 것은 만성 설사와 발가락이 바깥쪽으로 휘어지는 증세 및 맹장의 팽창(膨脹) 등 좋지 않은 결과를 야기시켰다. 특히 대조식이를 20% dried whey로 대체시킨 실험군은 타 실험군과 비교하여 성장율(成長率)이 저하(低下)되었는데 이것은 성장(成長)에 필요한 에너지와 단백질 함량의 부족과 아울러 다량의 whey에 의한 설사의 영향일 것으로 생각된다. 3. 사료효율(FER)과 단백질 효율(PER)에 있어서 dried whey 첨가군이 대조식이군과 비교하여 비슷하거나 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. Serum cholesterol 함량은 사료내 whey의 함량에 따라 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 5. 20% dried whey 함유 사료에 2% chitin을 첨가한 군은 chitin을 첨가하지 않은 20% whey군보다 4주에 성장율(成長率) 및 단백질효율이 높아지나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않다. 2% chitin 함유군은 대조식이군과의 비교에서 유의한 차는 나타내지 않았으나 성장율(成長率)에 있어서 약간 높은 경향을 보였으므로 chitin의 첨가(添加)가 whey의 이용율(利用率)을 높여주어 broiler의 성장(成長)을 촉진(促進)시키지 않았나 사료(思料)된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.386-393
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding dried leftover food (DLF) on growth, body composition and feed conversion of broiler chicks. One hundred ninety-six of one-day old Ross broiler chicks were assigned to 7 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had four replications with seven chicks per replication. The treatments groups included control without DLF, dietary 10% level of DLF, dietary 20% level of DLF and dietary 30% level of DLF, 5% higher protein level of diet containing 10% DLF, 10% higher protein level of diet containing 20% DLF and 15% higher protein level of diet containing 30% DLF than control diet. Body weight gain was slightly higher in control group than that of DLF-fed groups. However, there were no significant differences in body weight gain among those groups fed diets containing different levels of DLF. In general, increasing dietary level of DLF resulted in decreasing feed conversion. Content of crude protein in whole broiler body was slightly higher in control group although any significant difference was not found among treatments (p>0.05). Content of crude fat in whole broiler body was lowest in groups fed diets containing 30% DLF with 15% higher protein level than control diet, showing significant difference from groups fed diets containing 20% DLF (p<0.05). Contents of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and LDL- cholesterol in blood of broilers fed DLF-containing diets generally appeared to be higher compared with control group without significant difference (p>0.05). Fatty acid contents in broiler meat were higher in the order of oleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid without significant differences among treatments. Content of DHA in broiler meat was higher in groups fed diets containing DLF than that of control group although there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 1996

An Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary excessive chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability and the content of serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid in broiler chicks. Experimental diets based on corn-soybean meal were supplemented at 0, 800, 1,600 and 2,400 ppb chromium in the form of chromium picolinate. Each treatment had six replicates of six female chicks each (average initial weight=45.6 g). Experimental period lasted for six weeks. Excessive supplementation of chromium as chromium picolinate had no effect on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and nutrient utilizability of broiler chicks. Mortality was improved with a supplementation of chromium (p < 0.05). However, serum glucose decreased as chromium level increased (p < 0.05). Up to 2,400 ppb chromium as chromium picolinate, signs of toxicity were not noticed in this study.