• 제목/요약/키워드: Brim

검색결과 18건 처리시간 0.029초

Conservation of the Old Hat

  • Im Sung-Kyung;Han Myung-Sook
    • The International Journal of Costume Culture
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.151-157
    • /
    • 2004
  • This research is to conservate the old hat and restore its shape and place it on a supportive form in a stable protective container. The hat is a homemade construction, utilizing three different machine made laces, and two cotton net fabrics. The exterior, particularly the top crown piece, as well as the lace along the brim's edge has been generally soiled and discolored. Inside the crown, the cotton net has broken threads, and thread loss in several areas. The paper covering the two wires is very weak, and has discolored the lace in the areas of contact. The plastic buckles of the velvet ribbon have also discolored the areas where there is contact. The wash/bleach bath procedure was very effective. Virtually all of the light brown surface discoloration stains were removed. The darker brown spots, particularly concentrated around the two paper covered wires and assumed to be rust, were $90\%$ removed by the treatment. The brown spots apparently were due to the degradation of the paper covering, and not caused by the wire itself. The buckram foundation lost about $50\%$ of its stiffness, but this was not a major concern due to the fact that this hat should remain it its mount, which has been designed to serve for both storage and exhibition purposes.

  • PDF

Predictors of Sun-Protective Practices among Iranian Female College Students: Application of Protection Motivation Theory

  • Dehbari, Samaneh Rooshanpour;Dehdari, Tahereh;Dehdari, Laleh;Mahmoudi, Maryam
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제16권15호
    • /
    • pp.6477-6480
    • /
    • 2015
  • Purpose: Given the importance of sun protection in the prevention of skin cancer, this study was designed to determine predictors of sun-protective practices among a sample of Iranian female college students based on protection motivation theory (PMT) variables. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 201 female college students in Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected. Demographic and PMT variables were assessed with a 67-item questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify demographic and PMT variables that were associated with sun-protective practices and intention. Results: one percent of participants always wore a hat with a brim, 3.5% gloves and 15.9% sunglasses while outdoors. Only 10.9% regularly had their skin checked by a doctor. Perceived rewards, response efficacy, fear, self-efficacy and marital status were the five variables which could predict 39% variance of participants intention to perform sun-protective practices. Also, intention and response cost explained 31% of the variance of sun-protective practices. Conclusions: These predictive variables may be used to develop theory-based education interventions to prevent skin cancer among college students.

인삼섭취가 장내세균 및 세균대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Panax ginseng Extract on Growth Responses of Human Intestinal Bacteria and Bacterial Metabolism)

  • Ahn, Y.J.;Kim, M.J.;Kawamura, T.;Yamamoto, T.;Fujisawa, T.;Mitsuoka, T.
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.253-264
    • /
    • 1990
  • The growth responses of a variety of human intestinal bacteria to extracts of Panax ginseng and five other oriental medicinal Araliaceae were elraluattd in vitro and in vivo. The extracts enhanced the growth of Brifidobnnerilrm breve and B. longlim in media with or without carbon sources, suggesting that bifidus factors) might be involved in the phenomenon. This effect was most pronounced with water extract of P. ginseng, the growth of 27 bifidobacteria strains belonging to B adolescentis, B. longum, B. brim and B. infantis being greatly stimurated, whereas seven B. bifidum strains and other bacteria such as clostridia and Escherichin soli had little or no ability to utilise it for growth. Methanol extracts of p. ginseng were found to selectively inhibit growth of various clostridia including bifidobacteria. Paraputrificum, but this effect was not observed on other bacteria including bifidobacteria. The effect of ginseng extract intake (600 mg/day for two weeks) on the faecal microflora, pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, putrefactive products, and -glucuronidase, -glucosidase and nitroreductase activities, and on the blood components (triglyceride, total cholesterol and ammonia) were investigated using seven healthy human volunteers. The total concentration of faecal microflora including Bifidnkaderiifm app. during the period of ginseng extract intake %twas significantly unaffected from the preceding and subsequent control peroids. However, the frequency of occurrence of subjects having C. perfringens was significantly decreased. The faecal pH value was also significantly decreased, suggesting that the intake might increase the activity of Bifidobncterium spry. Other biochemical properties in faeces did not changed significantly. The levels of ammonia and triglycerid in blood were decreased with ginseng extract intake. These results may be an indication of at least one of the Pharmacological actions of p. ginseng as an adaptogen.

  • PDF

의인성 요관손상: 언제, 어떻게 치료할 것인가? (Iatrogenic Ureteral Injury: When and How to Treat?)

  • 서강일;이종복
    • Journal of Trauma and Injury
    • /
    • 제21권1호
    • /
    • pp.8-14
    • /
    • 2008
  • Iatrogenic ureteral injury is a complication that can occur during a variety of pelvic or abdominal surgeries. The most frequent causes are gynecological ones, followed by colon and vascular surgeries. Management of ureteric injury depends on the time of diagnosis and the severity of organ damage. Injuries diagnosed intraoperatively should be treated immediately. Occasionally, intraoperative ureteral injury is overlooked, and symptoms of the late diagnosis of ureteral injury are usually nonspecific; therefore, the diagnosis is delayed for days or weeks postoperatively. Management of injuries diagnosed postoperatively is more complex. There are differing opinions on whether an initial conservative or immediate operative intervention is the best line of action. Delayed repair is suggested on the grounds that it will reduce inflammation and tissue edema. However, many authors are in favor of early repair, perhaps because tissue planes are easier to find before fibrosis becomes too dense. Ureteral injuries occurring at the level of the pelvic brim should be best managed with an end-to-end anastomosis, preferably around a ureteric stent. More distal injuries also should be ideally managed with an end-to-end anastomosis, after excision of the crushed or compromised segments. However, if the remaining distal segment is short, ureteral reimplantation is the procedure of choice. The Boari flap technique for ureteral reimplantation is invaluable in cases with a short proximal segment. Delayed recognition of iatrogenic ureteral injury may be associated with serious complications, so prompt recognition of ureteral injuries is important. Recognition of the injury before closure is the key to easy, successful, and complications-free repair. Increased awareness of the risk for ureteral damage during certain operative maneuvers is vital to prevent injury, and to decrease the incidence of iatrogenic injury. A sound knowledge of abdominal and pelvic anatomy is the best prevention.

골반강 내 방사선 치료 환자에서 Electronic Portal Imaging Device(EPID)를 이용한 Portal Image의 유용성에 관한 연구 (Evaluation of Usefulness of Portal Image Using Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) in the Patients Who Received Pelvic Radiation Therapy)

  • 김우철;박원;김현정;박성용;조영갑;노준규;서창옥;김귀언
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • 제16권4호
    • /
    • pp.497-504
    • /
    • 1998
  • 목적 : matrix ion chamber type의 EPID와 video camera based EPID를 이용한 portal image와 기존의 film을 이용한 port film의 영상의 질을 객관적으로 비교 평가하여 EPID의 유용성을 알아보고자 본 연구를 계획하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1997년 4월부터 10월까지의 인하대 병원과 세브란스 병원에서 방사선 치료를 받은 골반강내 치료 환자 각 10명씩을 대상으로 환자 1명 당 5-10회의 port film과 EPID를 이용한 portal image를 동시에 얻어 비교하였다. 환자의 나이는 32세에서 79세이었고 2명의 AP영상을 제외하고는 모두 PA영상을 얻었다. 환자의 두께는 17cm에서 20cm으로 비교적 균일하였다. beam energy는 10MV X-ray를 사용하였고 dose rate은 100-300MU/min으로 2-10MU을 주어 영상을 얻었다. port film은 Kodak diagnostic film을 사용하였고 film을 넣는 cassette는 납을 전후에 부착한 것을 이용하였다. source to detector(film) distance는 140cm으로 하였다. 영상의 판독은 4명의 치료방사선과 의사에 의해서 시행되었으며 pelvic brim, sacrum, acetabulum, iliopectineal line, symphysis, ischium, obturator foramen, sacroiliac joint를 각각 very clear(1), clear(2), visible(3), not clear(4), not visible(5) 다섯 단계로 나누어 점수를 주었다. 결과 : video camera based EPID를 이용하여 얻은 영상을 비교하여 보았을 때 film을 이용한 port film과 enhancement를 시행하지 않은 portal image는 각 해부학적 구조에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 portal image를 window level로 영상의 변화를 주었을 때는 sacrum과 obturator는 영상의 판독에 도움이 되었다. 또한 portal image를 CLAHE로 enhance를 하였을 때는 모든 해부학적 구조물의 판독이 film보다 용이한 것으로 나타났다. matrix ion chamber type의 EPID를 이용하여 얻은 영상에서도 역시 port film과 영상의 변화를 주지 않은 portal image간에는 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았으나, portal image를 window level로 변화를 주었을 경우는 portal film에 비하여 영상의 질이 더욱 좋아지을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 방사선 치료를 받는 환자 중에서 골반강의 영상에서는 EPID의 영상의 질은 기존의 port film과 비교하여 차이가 없었으며, window level로 영상에 변화를 주거나 enhance를 하였을 경우는 port film보다 더 나은 영상을 얻을 수 있어 기존의 port film을 대체 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

  • PDF

밀양(密陽) 고법리(古法里) 고분벽화(古墳壁畵)에 나타난 복식(服飾) 연구(硏究) (The Study of Costume in a Mill Yang Kobumri Mural Painting)

  • 조오순;유주리
    • 패션비즈니스
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.105-115
    • /
    • 2001
  • When restoring a tomb of Songeun, Park Ik that damaged by typhoon in Kobubri, Chungdomyon, Mill Yang, Kyoung Nam in October 2000, a flower designed stone and fresco was discovered. Soneun Park Ik passed the civil service examination in Kongmin dynasty and was consecutively occupied Sajaedogam(司宰少監; regarded as one of second highest official rank). The fresco realistically depicts custom of ordinary people in end of Koryo, beginning of Chosun dynasty that it is considered as an important research material in study of ostumes. Therefore, this research intend to contribute to study of costumes in general public of Koryo that has insufficient study materials through study and analyze of costumes in the fresco with literature research. The number of figures in the fresco is presumed as 26-27 in all but clearly observed figures is only five women and four men and partly damaged figures are two men and two women. Women are worn relatively long yoo that can cover hip as an upper garment and Sang(裳) as trousers. The upper garments are all adjusted to right and has Jikryoung gik (straight collars) but there are strip attached collars or double collars among the Jikryoung gik. The length of Sang reaches to ankle and a waistband is trailed to below the knees. Most of hair are combed in the two sides and made a ring, moreover worn ceremonial coronet, which imply the ceremonial parade. Distinguished from the frescos of Koguryo, there are no women wearing Po(袍) also Yoo with Dae(帶) and without were coexisted. The mens costume is mainly appeared in two types. One(元) is Danryoungpo, Po with round collar and wearing a lozenge shaped crest with a brim, the other is Jikryoung Po, Po with straight collar, and wearing Ballib(拔笠), the latter is a costume of two man presumed as envoys. In the case of Danryoungpo, its length reached to ankle that shows decorum and in Jikryoungpo its length is below the knees that seem to offer practicality for envoys to guide a long journey. Both man and women are in decent cloth with a crest, which simple costume for ordinary people as a Chaksoopo that has comfortable length for movement and narrow sleeves. Songeun Park Ik actively worked under regency of One dynasty that influence of Mongol is seen in mans crest. There are some changes but including womens costume most of cloth are followed Korean traditional costume style.

  • PDF

영어 'Hat'가 된 한국 '갓' 의 상징성 (The Symbolism of Korean 'Gat' and the Etymology of 'Hat')

  • 이효정;나영주
    • 감성과학
    • /
    • 제25권4호
    • /
    • pp.3-20
    • /
    • 2022
  • 세계적으로 알려진 한국의 갓의 기원과 상징성을 찾아보면 고조선까지, 또 상투와 관자는 홍산문화까지 올라갈 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 영어 Hat의 어원, 갓과 옥 머리빗의 상징성, 갓 부속품의 발달 역사를 살펴보고자 함이며, 연구방법으로는 문헌고찰, 유물과 벽화, 주변의 발음 변화 사례수집 등을 행하였다. 홍산문화에서 발굴되는 유적 대부분이 한국에서 발견되는 유적과 상당 부분이 일치하고 있다. 변한 사람들은 고깔형태의 삼각형 모자 변(弁)을 착용하였는데, 이는 상투의 머리형태에 맞춘 것이다. 변의 테두리는 접어져 있는데 이를 아래쪽으로 내리게 되면 갓이 된다. 뾰족한 추 상투는 동북아시아 사람들의 독특한 머리양식이며 한국인의 '하늘 자손' 이라는 민족정체성을 나타내므로 수천년간 전통이 유지되었다. 새와 구름형의 홍산문화 옥 머리빗은 종교적 특성과 홍산인의 머리양식에 관한 예법 제례에서 사용되었다. 영어 'Hat'는 '갓' 발음이 변화한 것이다. 'ㄱ, ㅎ, ㅋ'의 발음은 상호 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있는데, 고대의 'ㄱ'음은 점차 'ㅎ, ㅋ'음으로 변천하게 되었다. Hat와 갓은 '관, 고깔'의 중고음인 '가사>고사>곳' 으로부터 변형한 것이다. 홍산문화에서 시작된 독특한 머리양식은 단군 고조선시대에 대중적으로 유행되었으며, 갓의 착용과 머리양식 요소는 전승되면서 지속적으로 발전하였다. 갓의 제작 방법 및 창의적인 망건, 동곳, 관자, 머리빗 등 갓 착용을 위한 필수 부속품들의 상호 발전사도 주목할 필요가 있다.

"고사십이집(攷事十二集)"의 조리가공에 관한 분석적 연구(2) (A Study on the Cooking in 'The Kosa-sibi Jip' (2))

  • 김성미
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
    • /
    • 제4권3호
    • /
    • pp.1-19
    • /
    • 1994
  • In this paper, twenty-five kinds of food presented in Sooljip(戌集) 5 and 6 of Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip(攷事十二集)' have been classified into four : Staple food, subsidiary food, Tuck(rice cake) and Han-gwa(Korean confectionery), and Tang-jng and tea. Cooking processes have been examined and scientifically analyzed in terms of cooking, Fourteen kinds of Jook (thick gruel with cereal) as well as Urak-Jook were presented among the methods of making Jook, one of staple foods. Milk and ground rice were boiled together into Urak-Jook, which was nutritious because of carbohydrate, added to milk. Hong-sa Myun was mode of ground shrimps, ground bean, ground rice and flour which were kneaded together. It was a nutritiously balanced food. Nineteen kinds of Kimchi presented in this book were classified by the recipes. The five of Jook-soon Ja, U-so Ja, Tam-bok Ja and Jo-gang were made by adding red malt and cereals(boiled rice or candies). Jo-gang, Jo-ga and Jo-gwa-chae were made by adding salt and rice wine. With salt and fermenters added, eight were made. Chim-jup-jeo-ga was made by adding Jang(soy-bean sauce) and the inner chaff of wheat instead of salt. The four of Ka-za-san, Hwang-gwa-san, Tong-gwa-san and Jo-gang were made by adding salt and vinegar. Jo-gang was made by adding salt, rice wine, residue of rice wine and candies. The four of Kae-mal-ga, Ku-cho-chim-chae, Un-gu-hwa and Suk-hwa-chim-chim-chae were made by adding salt and spices. San-got-Kimchi was made without salt. San-got-Kimchi and Suk-hwa-chim-chae were made originally in Korea. Suk-hwa-chim-chae, in particular, was first classified as a kind of Kimchi in this book and oysters were added, which is notable. Pork could be preserved longer when smoked oven the weak fire of thatch ten days and nights. Dog meat was sauced and placed on the bones in a pot. A porcelain was put on the top of the pot. Flour paste sealed the gap between the porcelain and the pot. Some water was poured into the porcelain, and the meat was steamed, with two or three thatched sacks burned, which was a distilled dry steaming. This process has been in use up to now. Various cooking methods of chicken were presented from in Umsik-dimi-bang to in Chosun Musang Sinsik Yori Jebup. These methods were ever present regardless of ages. Such measuring units as Guin(斤) and Nyang(兩) were most frequently used in cooking processes of this book, except in case of Jang(soy bean sauce), vinegar and liquor. Twenty eight kinds of kitchenware and cookers were used, of which porcelains wee most used and pans and sieves followed. The scientific eight cooking methods were as follows. First, salt was refined through saturated solution. Next, it was recommended Hong-sa Myun containing shrimps should not be taken along with pork, which is thought to be a proper diet in terms of cholesterol contained by shrimps and pork. Third, meat was coated with thin gruel and quickly roasted and cleared of the dried gruel membrane, which prevented nutrients from exuding and helped to make the meat well-done. Fourth, The fruit of paper mulberry trees has the protease which can soften meat. Therefore when meat was boiled with th fruit of paper mulberry trees, it can be softened easily. Fifth, pork was smoked over the weak fire of thatch. Sixth, in cooking dog meat, distilled dry steaming raised the boiling point and made it possible to preserve meat longer. Seventh, in boiling the sole of a bear, lime was added, which made meat tender by making the pH lower or higher than that of raw meat. Finally, in boiling down rice gluten, a porcelain in the pot prevented boiling over the brim, which is applied to pots in which to boil medical herbs.

  • PDF