• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

This paper aimed to identify architectural historical meaning of the brick-constructed platform of the west hall in Hwangnyoungsa buddhist temple site based on studying published the excavation survey report and comparing with other platforms of Silla remains. Mass and height of the building has a hierarchical structure within a buddhist temple site, this is applicable in Hwangnyongsa. So in case of a rank equal to or lower buildings than the west hall, those of platforms were built of brick-constructed. As stone relics, jidaeseoks are very narrow, I think that wooden pagoda and main hall's platform were built of brick in first construction period. West hall's platform was built at the late 6th~the mid of 7th century, these brick-remains were considered as a quite earlier construction period relics. Because in west hall there is no jidaeseok under bricks, and all bricks relics have a rectangular shape.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2015

In the steel manufacturing process heat-endurance deterioration of a ladle used to cause a big accident. In this paper, an infrared imaging system and image analyzing procedure are proposed for inspecting refractory bricks of a ladle. The proposed algorithm contains following three parts: two-stage image selection procedure, reference point detection, and analysis of heat-endurance deterioration. Experiments were conducted with real data from a steel plant and detailed configuration of infrared imaging system was presented.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.365-371
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• 2007

인터넷 쇼핑 시장의 확산과 함께 소비자들은 이전보다 더욱 다양한 형태의 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 접할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서, 소비자들은 다양한 쇼핑몰의 선택의 기로에 서게 된 반면, 인터넷 쇼핑몰 업체의 입장에서는 고객의 유지가 매우 중요하다. 특히, 오프라인 기반을 갖춘 Brick & Clicks 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 경우에는 오프라인 고객을 온라인상에서도 그대로 유지하길 바랄 것이다. 그러나, 실제로는 많은 고객들이 오프라인 쇼핑몰과 온라인 쇼핑몰을 동일하게 이용하는 Brick & Clicks 쇼핑몰을 선택보다는 인터넷 상의 순수한 Pure-play 쇼핑몰을 선택하기도 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소비자가 Brick & Clicks 인터넷 쇼핑몰이나 Pure-play 인터넷 쇼핑몰을 선택하는 행동에 대해 스키마 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷 쇼핑몰에 대한 스키마 형성에 신뢰, 구조적 확신, 관계혜택이 영향을 준다고 보고, 총 514여명의 인터넷 쇼핑몰 사용자를 대상으로 실증분석을 하고 결과를 도출하였다. 분석결과 Pure-play 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 고객에게 더 높은 평가를 받는 것으로 나타나 Brick & Clicks 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 특화가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.417-420
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• 2005

Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses have lead to the short fall of traditional building materials, such as burnt bricks. It is better to replace the traditional materials by the good quality of building materials with the low cost and durable environment friendly building materials. In order to satisfy that purpose, the researchers need to vary of new and innovative building materials. This paper shows the properties of compressive strength of ocher for unburnt bricks.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 2002

In this paper, we study the competition between two kinds of suppliers, a bricks and mortars(B&M) and a clicks and mortars(C&M). Using the circular spatial market model, we derive and analyze the Nash and Stackelberg equilibria as a function of offline market share and efficiency of online channel of the C&M supplier. The result can be summarized as follows: (1) Stackelberg equilibrium is always superior to the Nash equilibrium, (2) Under certain conditions, the price of online channel can be higher than that of offline channel, (3) It is impossible for the C&M supplier to encroach on all of the B&M supplier's market, (4) In some cases, the C&M supplier has incentive to lower the efficiency of its online channel for more profit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2021

This study examines the performance of CBS-Dust for the utilization of cement bricks as alkali stimulants for furnace slag replacement binders. It converts the CBS-Dust substitution rate and the excess slag substitution rate. According to the analysis, when replacing CBS-Dust with 65~70 % of BS substitution rate and 7.5~10 % of CBS-Dust, it shows excellent performance as an alkali stimulant of BS' potential hydrophobic reaction, and it is expected to be effective for secondary products of BS replaced in large quantities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.207-208
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• 2023

Concrete bricks and hollow concrete block products manufactured using ordinary portland cement react with salt and carbon dioxide absorbed from the soil and atmosphere in the use environment, causing contamination such as efflorescence. This is due to the reaction between calcium hydroxide, a cement hydration product, and carbon dioxide, producing and eluting calcium carbonate. This study was a preliminary study to compare and evaluate the reduction of efflorescence in concrete bricks and hollow concrete block products manufactured using carbon dioxide reaction hardening cement. The purpose was to evaluate the efflorescence occurrence in products using ordinary Portland cement.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.319-332
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• 2002

Domestic masonry railroad tunnel lining consists of red bricks or granite stone blocks and mortar. It is necessary to evaluate the behaviour of the masonry tunnel lining during an earthquake because the lining was constructed without the consideration of seismic loads. In this study, a methodology to evaluate the seismic resistant capacity of masonry tunnel linings was proposed, i.e. material property evaluation and seismic analysis technique. The red brick masonry tunnel lining is arrayed with multi-layers composed of 3 to 5 bricks depending on ground conditions and each brick is attached with mortar. Equivalent property concept was adopted to consider the stiffness difference among the red brick material itself and joints between bricks. Response spectrum analysis was performed by considering ground-structure interactions. A parametric study was performed to figure out the effect of relative stiffness between the lining and rock mass on the seismic behavior. A resonable countermeasure to minimize the earthquake-induced damage was also proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

This is an experimental research in order to judge the applicability of sewage sludge incineration ash having applied the mixing proportion needed to manufacture bricks and to do plaster work with addition of hwangtoh and slaked lime as a part of the methods for utilizing the wastes produced from sewage sludge incineration ash. Based on the results from experiment and analysis, it is judged that, in case of mixing proportion of 1:2 for the purpose of plastering and masonry work, the cement mortar produced by using a 10% addition ratio of sewage sludge incineration ash with mixture of hwangtoh covering all range of addition ratio, and also the cement mortar produced by using a 20% of sewage sludge incineration ash together with 0% and 10% addition ratio of hwangtoh, was possible to be applied to the practical use. In case of mixing proportion of 1:7 for manufacture of bricks and blocks, if such brick and block products are produced with 10% and 20% addition ratio of sewage sludge incineration ash having added aggregate fines or stone dust that has been actually used in brick and block manufacturing, it is judged that these bricks and blocks could be practically used in the job sites, although strength development is a little bit lower.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2006

"Mixed construction of platform" means the platform which was constructed by mixing heterogeneous materials such as roof tiles or bricks with divided stone of trimmed stone. This kind of construction technique was not known or found from the building sites of Goguryo or Silla so far and therefore it used to be understood as a unique platform construction technique or the product of technology and creativeness of Baikje's craftsman. The mixed construction of platform of Baikje came to position itself as one of the patterns of platform mainly used over Sabi period and we found the pattern from the sites including Imryugak site in Gongju, temple for royal tomb in Gwanbuk-ri, Wangheungsa Temple site, building site in Keumseong Mountain, Ohapsa Temple site in Byryeong. From the fact that they used a variety of materials which they could easily get around them such as roof tiles or bricks in addition to stones for the construction of platforms, we can see the feasibility and decoration characteristics of their material supply at that time. On the other hand, this mixed construction of platform was not popular in Goguryo and Silla, the major reason for which is judged to be non-existence of platforms to construct using bricks or roof tiles which could be constructed together with platform using divided stones. This is supported by the results of excavation of Hwangryongsa Temple site, Bunhwangsa Temple site, Heungryunsa Temple site of Silla which gave us comparatively abundant excavation data, and Jeongreungsa Temple site, Cheongamsa Temple site, Toseongrisa Temple site and building site in Daeseong Mountain castle and Anhak Palace site of Goguryo. For further progressive study on the mixed construction of platform of Baikje in the future, we will have to review more on the social background and technical background with the linkage with archeology and architecture at that time which led to the creation of such platform.