• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.54-63
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• 2002

Post-harvest technology for rice was focused on in-bin drying system, which consists of about 100, 000 facilities in 1980s. The modernized Rice Processing Complex (RPC) and Drying Storage Center (DSC) became popular for rice dry, storage, process and distribution from 1990s. However, the percentage of artificial drying for rice is 48% (2001) and the ability of bulk storage is about 15%. Therefore it is necessary to build enough drying and bulk storage facilities. The definition of high quality rice is to satisfy both good appearance and good taste. The index for good taste in rice is a below 7% of protein, 17-20% of amylose, 15.5-16.5% of moisture contents and high concentration of Mg and K. To obtain a high quality rice, it is absolutely needed to integrate high technologies including breeding program, cropping methods, harvesting time, drying, storing and processing methodologies. Generally, consumers prefer to rice retaining below b value of 5 in colorimetry, and the whiteness, the hardness and the moisture contents of rice are in order of consumer preference in rice quality. By selection of rice cultivars according to acceptable quality, the periods between harvesting time and drying reduced up to about 20 days. Therefore it is necessary to develop a low temperature grain drying system in order to (1) increase the rate of artificial rice drying up to 85%, (2) keep the drying temperature of below 45C, (3) maintain high quality in rice and (4) save energy consumption. Bulk storage facilities with low temperature storage system (7-15C) for rice using grain cooler should be built to reduce labor for handling and transportation and to keep a quality of rice. In the cooled rice, there is no loss of grain quality due to respiration, insect and microorganism, which results in high quality rice containing 16% of moisture contents all year round. In addition, introducing a low temperature milling system reduced the percentage of broken rice to 2% and increased the percentage of head rice to 3% because of proper hardness of grain. It has been noted that the broken rice and cracking reduced significantly by using low pressure milling and wet milling. Our mission for improving rice market competitiveness goes to (1) produce environment friendly, functional rice cultivars, (2) establish a grade standard of rice quality, (3) breed a new cultivar for consumer oriented and (4) extend the period of storage and shelf life of rice during postharvest.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2015

In this study, we surveyed the distribution pattern and dominance of weeds occurred in four summer crop fields, hot pepper, soybean, maize, and Chinese cabbage in Gyeongbuk province. The weeds were summarized as 32 family and 132 species in hot pepper field, 31 family and 116 species in soybean field, 37 family 134 species in maize field, finally 35 family and 170 species in Chinese cabbage field. Among these weeds occurred in the four summer crop fields, the compositae was commonly dominant family, it occupied 17.4% in hot pepper field, 18.1% in soybean field, 11.9% in maize field, and 16.5% in Chinese cabbage field. The major five families including compositatae, graminae, polygonaceae, convolvulaceae and cruciferae were occupied 43.2% in hot pepper field, 47.4% in soybean field, 42.5% in maize field, and 43.5% in Chinese cabbage field, respectively. Furthermore, the most dominant weed in the hot pepper, soybean, maize, and Chinese cabbage fields was Portulaca oleracea, Digitaria ciliaris, and Rorippa palustris, respectively. This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in food crop fields of Gyeongbuk province.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.545-550
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• 2006

Ten supernormal clutches of little terns Sterna albifrons and seven clutches having mixed eggs by little terns and kentish plovers Charadrius alexandrinus were recorded during the breeding seasons of 2003$\sim$2005 at Ganwol lake, Hongsung-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. The frequency of egg retrieval by Little Terns was higher after the second egg laying regardless of the clutch size and incubation stage. The frequency of egg retrieval was high at all incubation stage. When experimental eggs were placed within 15 cm from the nests, the percentage of egg retrieval was highest (almost 100%). However the percentage dropped rapidly over 35$\sim$55 cm range and finally to zero at 60 cm distance. Little terns retrieved all kinds of eggs set near their nests regardless of its kind or size. This study suggests that egg retrieval by little terns may be a source of the nest with supernormal and mixed egg clutch observed in this species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

A Fairy Pitta is a bird known to breed only in mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea and is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. We carried out a DNA analysis to contribute to conserve the genetic diversity of Fairy Pitta. 32 samples were collected at Jeju Island, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan from 2004 to 2013 and DNA was extracted from them and several sequences were amplified-it through PCR. And then we performed the population genetic analysis. We found there was a transversion between nucleotide sequences at CO1 gene, while there was no changes at Cyt-b gene. And we confirmed the polymorphism from two genes was caused from genetic drift not from selection. Through this analysis, the group within the Peninsula was found bigger than other two groups based on the analysis of CO1 gene, and the group from Taiwan was found bigger than other two groups through the analysis of Cyt-b gene. The population genetic structure of mitochondria gene of three group was showing CO1 gene had 5 haplotypes and Cyt-b gene had 6 haplotypes. Haplotype 2 in CO1 gene was found in three group and many individuals of samples had this haplotype. Like CO1 gene, haplotype 2 in Cyt-b gene was found in three group and was included in plenty of individuals. Other haplotypes were not overlaped and broke off among the three groups. To prevent from the extinction of Fairy Pitta and to obtain the genetic diversity, we need to compare with other regional group such as Japan, China and perform additional research in the non-breeding area.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2009

The mass mortality of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli that occured at the fish farms in Tongyeong and Geoje City regions between late August and early September in 2006 was investigated. Sixty two fish showed no significant external symptoms except ulcerative lesions with reddish foci on the skin. From the internal observations and diagnosis results, some yellowish brown liver, intestine bleeding, atrophy and congestion in the abdominal cavity of the fish were found. In the gill, swelled filaments caused by foreign material accumulation and mucus secretion were observed. However, the main cause of the fish mass mortality in both sampling regions could be due to physiological weakness induced by significant change of water temperature causing by typhoon Wookong during the summer in 2006.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.457-464
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• 2019

The weight of pig is one of the main factors in determining the health and growth state of pigs, their shipment, the breeding environment, and the ration of feed, and thus measuring the pig's weight is an important issue in productivity perspective. In order to estimate the pig's weight by using the number of pig's pixels from images, acquired from a Top-view camera, the posture determining and the head removal from images are necessary to measure the accurate number of pixels. In this research, we propose the fast and accurate method to determine the pig's posture by using a fast image processing technique, find the head location by using a fast deep learning technique, and remove pig's head by using light weighted image processing technique. First, we determine the pig's posture by comparing the length from the center of the pig's body to the outline of the pig in the binary image. Then, we train the location of pig's head, body, and hip in images using YOLO(one of the fast deep learning based object detector), and then we obtain the location of pig's head and remove an outside area of head by using head location. Finally, we find the boundary of head and body by using Convex-hull, and we remove pig's head. In the Experiment result, we confirmed that the pig's posture was determined with an accuracy of 0.98 and a processing speed of 250.00fps, and the pig's head was removed with an accuracy of 0.96 and a processing speed of 48.97fps.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2019

Calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) are monocotyledonous ornamental plants which belongs to the Araceae family. After the release of elite calla cultivar, an efficient propagation system is needed for commercial use. Despite the use of conventional propagation methods such as splitting of tubers and rhizomes of calla, rapid and efficient propagation system should be developed. In order to achieve this goal, stem segments contained apical meristems derived from calla lily cultivar (cv. Gag-si) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinin and auxin. This was aimed at inducing embryogenic calluses, shoots and multiple shoots. As a result, about 25% of induction rates of yellow embryogenic calluses were observed with MS medium containing both $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NAA$ and $1.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ as growth regulators. In the experiments involving the regeneration from embryogenic calluses through shoot formation, MS medium supplemented with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;IAA$ and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ showed the highest rates at approximately 85 ~ 90% with regard to the formation of shoots in calla. Moreover, multiple shoots needed for rapid propagation were generated when explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;IAA$ and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;BA$ with 40% of formation rate. In this study, the combination of auxin and cytokinin showed positive effects on both the induction of embryogenic calluses, the formation of shoots as well as multiple shoots in calla. The regeneration system described here can contribute to the development of breeding programs of calla in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.351-359
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profiles and meat quality of broilers, Korean native chickens and white semi broilers under identical feeding conditions. Sixty 1-d chicks of each type were randomly placed into 12 pens per cage (5 chicks per cage) and fed commercial diets for 28, 49, and 28 days, respectively. The broilers showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance from 0 to 4 weeks compared with the other types. Korean native chickens had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen than that of the other species. The blood glucose was significantly higher in the Korean native chickens compared to the other species, and the blood cholesterol was significantly lower. The Lactobacillus content in Korean native chickens was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the other species, and the E. coli content in the broilers was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers. In terms of meat quality, the breast meat of the broilers had a high water content and pH level. The breast meat of the white semi broilers had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) shear force than that of the other species. In conclusion, there was an interspecific physiological difference due to the age and body weight of the chickens. The broilers had a higher growth performance and meat quality compared to the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2021

Objective: Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet. Methods: A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly. Results: Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of Entodinium protozoa but copy numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals. Conclusion: Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2020

Five varieties of mushrooms, including Sae-do, were examined using farm field tests to determine their morphological characteristics and quality by performing harvest flush. Considering the cultivation characteristics of the varieties studied, the parts related to mushroom generation and production showed almost similar characteristics. Overall, the mycelial forces were similar; however, in the evaluation of plantation tests performed by farmers, "saedo" was found to be the strongest and "saehan" was considered to be the weakest. Weights of fruiting bodies were related more for compost status and regimen of use than for breeding, and it was difficult to distinguish between the weights of fruiting bodies of the varieties studied. Regardless of the variety, pileus diameter, pileus thickness, and stem length of Dalseong-gun, Yongin-si, and Boryeong-si decreased as the harvest flush progressed. However, stem thickness tended to increase in the second and third flush compared to that in the first flush, regardless of the variety. However, the Gyeongju-si farms could not identify any trends attributable to varieties and harvest flushes. The pileus size and stem length of the fruiting bodies of varieties from Buyeo farms decreased with the progression of the harvest flush. However, pileus thickness and stem thickness did not show any specific tendency of growth among the varieties studied. The differences in the morphological characteristics of mushroom varieties in each harvest cycle are expected to be caused by differences in the supply of nutrients in the medium, the quality of the compost used, and the cultivation environment rather than the variety.