• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2024

A 6-month-old intact female Bichon Frise dog weighing 0.9 kg presented with vomiting, anorexia, and lethargy persisting for 3 days. No remarkable abnormalities were detected on the history or physical examination. Laboratory findings were mostly normal, except for elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Abdominal radiography revealed a fluid-dilated stomach and gas-dilated intestinal loops in the regional areas. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to investigate the cause of gastrointestinal dilation, which revealed a rectangular, homogeneous, echogenic foreign material with no shadowing in the small intestine, causing mechanical obstruction. Upon further inquiry involving detailed re-take of history with the owner, a history of ingesting dog gum 4 days prior was identified. On surgical enterotomy, the hard pet food was identified and removed from the distal duodenum. Postoperatively, the patient's clinical signs showed complete improvement, with a return to normal appetite. The present case demonstrates that less-digestible, hard pet food, despite showing no shadowing on ultrasonography, can act as a foreign material, causing mechanical intestinal obstruction in a small-breed puppy. Furthermore, surgical removal of these materials is necessary in cases of intestinal obstruction.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2016

Medical records of 139 tumors from 114 dogs that underwent surgery from May 2010 through March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Among 114 dogs, females (64.9%) were significantly more common than males (35.1%) (p<0.05). Dogs aged 6 to 10 years were more presented than non-tumor patients, however, there was no significant difference. The mean age (±SD) was 10.3±3.0 years. Although we found no significant difference of breed predisposition, the most common breed was Maltese (19.3%), followed by Shih-Tzu (14.0%), and Yorkshire terrier (13.2%). Proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) of mammary gland, oral cavity, and skin tumors were high in Poodles, Yorkshire terriers, and Golden retrievers, respectively. Mammary gland (36.0%) was the most common site, followed by skin and soft tissues (12.2%), oral cavity (10.8%), and digestive organs (8.6%), but there was no significant difference. The objectives of surgery were curative surgery (86.2%), biopsy (4.9%), and palliative surgery (6.5%). In this study, 123 of 139 tumors had histopathological diagnoses. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type (n=24), followed by adenoma (n=17), soft tissue sarcoma (n=13), benign mixed tumor (n=5), and others (n=64). Recurrence or suspected metastasis was identified in 26 dogs. Median survival times of malignant mammary gland tumors, skin and subcutaneous tumors, and splenic tumors were 1,563.0±1,201.7, 469, and 128 days, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.240-246
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers to identify the genetic characteristics and breed of White Hanwoo (WH) using a molecular biological method. SNP genotyping was performed with an Illumina Bovine HD 777K SNP chip using DNA extracted from 48 Hanwoo and 22 WH. The minor allele frequency (MAF) difference of each SNP was calculated and the statistical significance (P-value) of the MAF difference was calculated through Fisher's Exact test (Genotype). SNPs with 100% difference in the MAF difference were selected based on marker selection criteria. The nine SNP markers with genetic differences were selected. The selected markers have different alleles as being Hanwoo- and WH- specific. Therefore, based on these results, it can be concluded that the Hanwoo and WH varieties can be clearly distinguished by using these SNPs. So, the patent of the WH breed identification markers was registered. WH is a breed that shows the characteristics of a Korean native species that is separate from the native Hanwoo. It is expected that genetic characteristics research on the WH can be used to identify the breed and as a knowledge base for enhancing the value of breeding stock.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.482-485
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• 2013

This case report describes the increment of regulatory T cells in thyroid carcinoma of a mixed breed dog compared with normal dogs. A mixed breed dog was referred for a submandibular mass and hyperthermia. Right cervical mass was detected during the physical examination and radiography identified right cervical mass suspected thyroid gland. Accurate location and size of mass was confirmed using computed tomography and 3D reconstructed images. After confirmation of mass, surgical resection was performed and evaluation of regulatory T cells in blood of this patient was performed using flow cytometric assay. The percentage of regulatory T cells was 38.28% of all CD4 (+)/CD25 (+) T cells. This result was higher than median percentage of regulatory T cells of healthy 8 beagles ($7.66{\pm}1.65%$ (p<0.01) of all CD4 (+)/CD25 (+) T cells). And masses were confirmed as giant cell thyroid carcinoma based on histopathologic examination. After surgical resection of cervical mass was performed, the owner didn't want chemotherapy. Seven days later, cervical mass came out again. And CBC showed severe leukocytosis (WBC $47.6{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$) and non-regenerative anemia (PCV 21%). Suspected pulmonic metastasis regions became more severe. Finally the dog died of severe anemia and respiratory disorder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1043-1061
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• 2018

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in skeletal muscle including the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), also known as marbling fat, is one of the most important factors determining beef quality in several countries including Korea, Japan, Australia, and the United States. Genetics and breed, management, and nutrition affect IMF deposition. Japanese Black cattle breed has the highest IMF content in the world, and Korean cattle (also called Hanwoo) the second highest. Here, we review results of research on genetic factors (breed and sex differences and heritability) that affect IMF deposition. Cattle management factors are also important for IMF deposition. Castration of bulls increases IMF deposition in most cattle breeds. The effects of several management factors, including weaning age, castration, slaughter weight and age, and environmental conditions on IMF deposition are also reviewed. Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition. Manipulating IMF deposition through developmental programming via metabolic imprinting is a recently proposed nutritional method to change potential IMF deposition during the fetal and neonatal periods in rodents and domestic animals. Application of fetal nutritional programming to increase IMF deposition of progeny in later life is reviewed. The coordination of several factors affects IMF deposition. Thus, a combination of several strategies may be needed to manipulate IMF deposition, depending on the consumer's beef preference. In particular, stage-specific feeding programs with concentrate-based diets developed by Japan and Korea are described in this article.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

To investigate genetic features and the allele distribution of transferrin gene in three Cheju horse groups (group I, 137 horses of Jeju institute; group II, 107 horses of farms; group III, 89 racing horses) and three foreign breeds(l03 Thoroughbred, 10 Mongolian and 5 American Quarter horses), transferrin gene exons 13, 15, and 16 were analyzed by SSCP. The allele frequencies of transferrin gene of these groups and breeds were used to calculate genetic distances and to test population differentiations. The Fst values were 0.067 between Cheju horse groups I and II, 0.070 between Cheju horse groups I and group III, 0.091 between Cheju horse group I and Mongolian breed, and 0.189 between Cheju horse group I and Thoroughbred breed. Cheju horse group I showed significant population differentiation from other two Cheju horse groups and three foreign breeds while Cheju horse group III showed significant population differentiation only from Cheju horse group I and Thoroughbred breed(p <0.05). Results indicate that three Cheju horse groups showed population differentiation between each other, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of Cheju horses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.565-576
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• 2020

Recently, Jersey cattle was introduced and produced by embryo transfer to Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the differences of milk compositions between Jersey and Holstein cows and the relationship between days in milk (DIM) and milk compositions during early lactation. Data were collected from twelve lactating cows from Department of Animal Resources Development at National Institute of Animal Science. Cows in parity 1 were used, and calved at spring from April to March of 2017. All cows were housed in two sections within a free-stall barn, which divided into six from each breed, and received a basal total mixed ration. Milk samples of each cow were collected at 3 DIM and 30 DIM for analyzing the milk compositions, including fatty acids (FA), amino acids and minerals. Total solids, citrate, and milk urea nitrogen level were differed between the breeds (p < 0.05). As DIM went from 3 to 30, milk protein, total solids, and somatic cell count decreased (p < 0.05), but lactose increased in all breed milk (p < 0.05). Citrate and free fatty acid (FFA) elevated in Jersey milk (p < 0.05), whereas reduced in Holstein milk (p < 0.05). Proportions of some individual FA varied from the breeds. Myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and arachidonic acid (C20:4) in milk from all cows were higher at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Also, stearic (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1) were lower at 3 DIM than at 30 DIM (p < 0.05), and the C18:1 to C18:0 ratio was significantly differed in DIM × breed interactions (p < 0.05). The contents of the individual amino acids did not differ from the breeds. Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, and zinc (Zn) contents was significantly increased in Holstein milk than Jersey milk at 3 DIM. Also, K and Zn concentrations were higher in Holstein milk than in Jersey milk at 30 DIM (p < 0.05). It was concluded that Jersey cows would produce more effective milk in processing dairy products and more proper energy status compared with Holstein cows in early lactation under the same environmental and nutritional conditions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.586-590
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• 2011

Three small breed dogs weighing less 5 kg were admitted with dyspnea and cardiac murmurs. One dog had primum type ASD and chylothorax was concurrently noted. Two dogs had secundum type ASD with and without concomitant pulmonic stenosis. Although medical treatment was attempted, two dogs with secundum type ASD died and a dog with primum type ASD was successfully managed with medication. Defects were confirmed by the postmortem examination in two cases. We first describe the comparison of clinical and diagnostic features in different anatomic, hemodynamic, and pathophysiological types of ASD in small breed dogs and they show some differences with ASD in large breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.740-745
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• 2010

Patent ductus arteiosus (PDA) is the persistent opening of ductus arterious located between pulmonary artery and descending aorta after birth. Although PDA can be occluded by surgical ligation, interventional closure of PDA using various devices is being rapidly replaced to surgical ligation, because of its non-invasive nature of treatment and minimal post-care after treatment. Main problem encountering in interventional treatment in toy breed dogs is vascular inaccessibility due to small size of artery. Although transvenous approach using jugular veins has been developed, this technique requires experienced skill to locate occlude devices into PDA and has high risk of accidental dislodgement of occluding devices (i.e. embolization coils or vascular plugs). Therefore, in this study, we developed a modified technique for coil embolization using mini-angiocatheter with trans-femoral approach in toy breed dogs (< 3.0 kg of body weight). With this modified method, we were successfully treated two toy breed (Maltese) dogs with the left to right shunted PDA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

The effects of feeding diets containing 20% (L) or 30% (H) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (DM basis) on performance and carcass traits were studied in three breeds of pig, including pure Mong Cai (MC), crossbred Landrace$\times$Yorkshire (LY) and crossbred MC$\times$Yorkshire (F1). The experiment had a factorial design with two factors, breed and diet. Eighteen piglets of each breed ($60{\pm}3days$) were randomly allocated to three treatments: L-L, low fiber diet in both growing and finishing periods; L-H, low and high fiber diet in the growing and finishing period, respectively; and H-H, high fiber diet in both periods. The diets were iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous within feeding period. The main fibrous ingredients of the diets were rice bran and cassava residue. There were no effects of fiber level on daily dry matter feed intake (DMI), expressed as g/kg metabolic body weight (BW0.75), in both feeding periods (p>0.05). DMI was highest for MC, followed by F1 and LY (p<0.001). Average daily gain (ADG) in L-L and L-H was higher than in H-H in the growing period (p<0.001) and overall (p<0.05), while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in H-H than in L-L and L-H in the growing period (p<0.05) and overall, but no significant differences between treatments were found in the finishing period. In both periods, Landrace$\times$Yorkshire had the highest ADG and the lowest FCR, followed by F1 and Mong Cai (p<0.001). There were no interactions between breed and diet for performance and carcass traits. Carcass and dressing percentage was lower for L-H and H-H than for L-L (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among treatments in back fat thickness and lean meat percentage, or in crude protein and ether extract contents of lean meat. Carcass, dressing and lean meat percentage was highest for LY, lowest for MC and intermediate for F1 (p<0.001). It can be concluded that feeding a high fiber diet in the growing period reduced pig performance, but there was no effect in the finishing period. Pure Mong Cai pigs are not particularly suitable for meat purposes, although the F1 cross with Large White had reasonably good growth performance and carcass quality.