• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.72-81
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in pulmonary functioning after respiratory exercise with IPPB (Intermittent Positive Pressure Breather) in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD). The subjects were 46 patients with PMD who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Youngdong Severance Hospital. The subjects were assigned into one of 2 groups. The control group received comprehensive treatments such as ROM exercise, deep breathing exercise, moist hot packs, and ultrasound twice a day while admitted at the Rehabilitation Medicine Department. Unlike the control group, the subjects at the experimental group received respiratory exercise treatment with IPPB. The subjects were admitted for 10~19 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 12.2 days. Pulmonary functioning was evaluated at admission and discharge by SENSOR MEDICS. The data were analyzed by a paired t-test and a independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1) The change of each parameter of pulmonary function tests were significantly improved in all groups after respiratory exercise treatment during admission (p<0.05). 2) By comparing the change of each parameter of pulmonary function tests between the experimental group and control group, the parameters of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity, forced vital capacity predicted (FVCP) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were significantly improved in the experimental group which had received the pulmonary exercise treatment with IPPB (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that the pulmonary exercise treatments with IPPB facilitated improvement in the pulmonary functioning for the PMD patients during their hospital stay.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.569-584
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• 1993

This study was done to verify validity of nursing diagnoses related to difficulty in respiratory function. First, content validity was examined by an expert group considering the etiology and the signs / symptoms of three nursing diagnoses - ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange. Second, clinical validity was examined by comparing the frequencies of the etiologies and signs / symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses in clinical case studies with the results of the content validity. This study was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 23 experts (professors, head nurses and clinical instructors) who had had a variety of experiences using nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, and 102 case reports done by senior student nurses of the college of nursing of Y-university. These reports were part of their clinical practice in the ICU. The instrument used for this study was a checklist for etiologies and signs and symptoms based on the literature, Doenges and Moorhouse (1988), Kim, McFarland, McLane (1991), Lee Won Hee et al. (1987), Kim Cho Ja et at. (1988). The data was collected over four month period from May 1992 to Aug. 1992. Data were analyzed using frequencies done with the SPSS / PC＋ package. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. General Characteristics of the Expert Group A bachelor degree was held by 43.5% and a master or doctoral degree by 56.5% of the expert group. The average age of the expert group was 35.3 years. Their average clinical experience was 9.3 years and their average experience in clinical practice was 5.9 years. The general characteristics of the patients showed that there were more women than men, that the age range was from 1 to over 80. Most of their medical diagnoses were diagnoses related to the respiratory. system, circulation or neurologic system, and 50% or more of them had a ventilator with intubation or a tracheostomy. The number of cases for each nursing diagnoses was : · Ineffective airway clearance, 92 cases. · Ineffective breathing pattern, 18 cases. · Impaired gas exchange, 22 cases. 2. The opinion of the expert group as to the classification of the etiology, and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses was as follows : · In 31.8% of the cases the classification of etiology was clear. · In 22.7%, the classification of signs and symptoms was clear. · In 17.4%, the classification of nursing interventions was clear. 3. In the expert group 80% or mere agreed to ‘dysp-nea’as a common sign and symptom of the three nursing diagnoses. The distinguishing signs and symptoms of (Ineffective airway clearance) were ‘sputum’, ‘cough’, ‘abnormal respiratory sounds : rales’. The distinguishing sings and symptoms of (Ineffective breathing pattern) were ‘tachypnea’, ‘use of accessory muscle of respiration’, ‘orthopnea’ and for (Impaired gas exchange) it was ‘abnormal arterial blood gas’, 4. The distribution of etiology, and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses was as follows : · There was a high frequency of ‘increased secretion from the bronchus and trachea’ in both the expert group and the case reports as the etiology of ineffective airway clearance. · For the etiologies for ineffective breathing pat-tern, ‘rain’, ‘anxiety’, ‘fear’, ‘obstructions of the tract, ca and bronchus’ had a high ratio in the ex-pert group and ‘decreased expansion of lung’ in the case reports. · For the etiologies for impaired gas exchanges, ‘altered oxygen -carrying capacity of the blood’ and ‘excess accumulation of interstitial fluid in lung’ had a high ratio in the expert group and ‘altered oxygen supply’ in the case reports. · For signs and symptoms for ineffective airway clearance, ‘dyspnea’, ‘altered amount and character of sputum’ were included by 100% of the expert group. ‘Abnormal respiratory. sound(rate, rhonchi)’ were included by a high ratio of the expert group. · For the signs and symptoms for ineffective breathing pattern. ‘dyspnea’, ‘shortness of breath’ were included by 100% of the expert group. In the case reports, ‘dyspnea’ and ‘tachypnea’ were reported as signs and symptoms. · For the sign and symptoms for impaired gas exchange, ‘hypoxia’ and ‘cyanosis’ had a high ratio in the expert group. In the case report, ‘hypercapnia’, ‘hypoxia’ and ‘inability to remove secretions’ were reported as signs and symptoms. In summary, the similarity of the etiologies and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses related to difficulty in respiratory function makes it difficult to distinguish among them But the clinical validity of three nursing diagnoses was established through this study, and at last one sign and symp-tom was defined for each diagnosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.129-147
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of deep breathing exercise with Incentive Spirometer on the pulmonary ventilatory function of postoperative patients. This experiment was operated by quasi-experimental design which was compared pre-experimental measures with post-experimental ones. The subject of this study was 46 inpatients who were scheduled for elective upper abdominal surgery under the general anesthesia in P National University Hospital in Pusan and classified into the experimental group(23 patients) and control group(23 patients) by using Incentive Spirometer or unusing one. The data were collected from November, 1, 1993, to December, 31, 1993. The effects of the deep breathing exercise on the pulmonary ventilatory function were compared between experimental group who were recieved deep breathing exercise with Incentive Spirometer and control group who were recieved same method without Incentive Spirometer. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and the First Second Forced Expiratory Volume ($FEV_1$) were represented as index of the pulmonary ventilatory function and those were measured by Vitalograph Compact. The collected data were analysed by SPSS/PC+ (percentage, average, standard deviation, chi-square test, t-test, and ANOVA). The results were as follow : (1) The $FVC_s$ of the experimental group were significantly increased in course of time, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery(F=3.530, P=0.035). (2) The $FVC_s$ and $FEV_{1S}$ of the control group were significantly increased in course of time, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery ($FVC_s$ : F=3.480, P=0.037, $FEV_{1S}$ : F=6. 153, P=0.004). (3) The FVC which was measured at 72 hours after surgery was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(t=2.620, P=0.013). (4) The $FEV_{1s}$ which were measured at 24 and 72 hours after surgery were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(24hr. : t=2.530, P=0.017, 72hr. : t=2.540, P=0.016). (5) Among general characteristics, sex was significant variable which influenced to effect of pulmonary ventilatory function. In conclusion, this study showed that the deep breathing exercise with Incentive Spirometer was more effective to recover the pulmonary ventilatory function after surgery than the deep breathing exercise without Incentive Spirometer.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.732-745
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• 2009

Objectives : This study analyzed the contents of research papers of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) concerning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published in PubMed during the last 5 years. This study was conducted to help clinical studies for treating COPD with Oriental medicine. Materials and Methods : We inspected 31 theses and scrutinized their objectives, periods, participants, materials and methods, methods of assessment, results and Jadad score. Results : The treatments in the studies were supplements, physical training, acupuncture, acu-TENS, Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), counseling, breathing training, osteopathic manipulative treatment, reflexology, and distractive auditory stimuli. The aims of treatment were improvement of exercise capacity, lung function, quality of life, oxidative status, nutrient status, systemic inflammation, and cessation of smoking. The median for treatment period of study was 8 weeks, the median number of participants was 35 and the differences between mean $FEV_1$ from groups were less than 10% in 22 studies. The methods of assessment were lung function test, exercise capacity test, muscle strength test, questionnaire of QoL, laboratory studies, and measurement of nutrient state. The mean of Jadad score was $2.4\;{\pm}\;1.03$, and 24 treatment were assessed as effective. Conclusion : Recent CAM studies of COPD have focused on various topics in alternative and complementary medicine, and it is necessary to provide objective studies for treatment of this disease with Oriental medicines.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on exercise capacity and quality of life as well as barriers to participation in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in South Korea. Design: One-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: A total of 14 patients were enrolled in this study in an 8-week PR program with two 60-minute sessions per week. The program included: flexibility exercises, breathing techniques, strengthening exercises, and aerobic exercises. The outcomes were defined as changes in the variables before and after the PR program. A change in the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was defined as the primary outcome, and changes in pulmonary function test, respiratory and grip strength, and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) about quality-of-life results were secondary outcomes. A dropout was defined as missing >3 of the 16 sessions. Results: Patients who completed the program showed a significant improvement of 43.57±39.43 m in the 6MWD (p<0.05), but no significant differences were noted for the other function tests. The SGRQ showed a significant improvement in the activity and total score (p<0.05). The total dropout rate was 53.3%. Newly developed symptoms, exacerbation of COPD, transport problems, and lack of motivation were major barriers to PR. Conclusions: Our study showed that an 8-week hospital-based PR program improved exercise capacity and quality of life but had a high dropout rate in individuals with COPD. Since comprehensive PR has only recently been established in South Korea, patient motivation and education are critical.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of threshold resistance inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function in chronic stroke patients. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Eighteen patient with stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9) all testing and training. The experimental group underwent threshold resistance inspiratory muscle training with resistance adjusted of maximal inspiratory pressure, 60 breathing a day and general physical therapy 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The control group was taken general respiratory muscle training and general physical therapy for 4 weeks in the same way. Respiratory function, walking ability were evaluated before and after the intervention. Statistical significance of the results were evaluated by ANCOVA between control group and experimental group after intervention. Results: There was a significant increase in FVC and FEV1 in the experimental group in pulmonary function tests (p<0.05). There was a significant difference with the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum inspiratory flow rate between experimental and control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the maximum inspiratory capacity between experimental and control group (p>0.05) but the maximum inspiratory capacity of experimental group some increased than that of control group. Conclusion: These finding gave some indications that the threshold resistance inspiratory training may benefit on pulmonary function in people with stroke, and it is feasible to be included in rehabilitation interventions with this population.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of postural correction training on pulmonary function on 28 college students suspected of turtle neck syndrome, and the following conclusions were obtained. Methods : Turtle neck syndrome suspicion 28 person were randomly divided into a posture training group (n = 14) and group that does not perform posture training (n = 14). Respiratory function was measured by SPIROVIT SP-1 and respiratory gas analyzer. The posture training group performed balloon blowing and stair climbing after 20 minutes of posture training, and the group without posture training carried out balloon blowing training and stair climbing. Five times a week and for two weeks. Results : 1. The comparison of the FVC before and after experiments caused by balloon blowing showed a higher level of effortful pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 2. Comparison of PEFs before and after the experiment by balloon blowing showed that the experimental group's peak flow rate was higher than that of the control group. 3. Comparison of the FIVC before and after experiments with balloon blowing showed that the comparison of the FIVC showed a higher level of effortless intake pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 4. The comparison of the maximum ventilation volume(VE) before and after the experimental gas measurement showed that the maximum ventilation rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. 5. The comparison of pre-test and post-test heart rate(HR) by breath gas measurement showed that the heart rate of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. Conclusion : the results of this study showed that postural correction training, balloon blowing training, and stair climbing could have a positive impact on improving pulmonary function. However, the two-week experiment conducted five times a week showed an increase in pulmonary function, but it was difficult to see the effect due to the short study period. Therefore, it is hoped that later studies will be conducted more systematically on the effects of breathing exercises on improving pulmonary function after post-postural correction training for patients with pulmonary function problems.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Schroth's three-dimensional exercises in combination with respiratory muscle exercise (SERME) on Cobb's angle and functional movement screen (FMS). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen subjects with scoliosis were randomly assigned to two groups. Eight subjects were assigned to the experimental group and seven subjects were assigned to the control group. The experimental group underwent SERME using SpiroTiger (Idiag, Switzerland), while the control group performed only the Schroth's three-dimensional exercises (SE). Both groups performed exercises for one hour per day, three times a week for eight weeks. Cobb's angle, pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and peak expiratory flow) and FMS were measured before and after the experiment. Results: After intervention, the SERME group showed a significant difference in Cobb's angle, FMS scores, and pulmonary function as compared to before intervention (p<0.05). In the SE group, there was a statistically significant difference in Cobb's angle, pulmonary function, and FMS scores compared to before intervention (p<0.05). The SERME group showed a significant difference in Cobb's angle and peak expiratory flow in pulmonary function compared to the SE group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that SERME could be a more effective intervention for improvement of the Cobb's angle and pulmonary function for scoliosis patients.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2012

In most persons with disabilities had poor oral hygiene because of less attention and ability to perform a dental care. So the increased prevalence and severity of dental disease were common oral state. Although most persons with disabilities need a adequate dental treatment, it is often very difficult to treat because of noncooperativity and involuntary muscle movements. Dental treatments under sedation and general anesthesia were make to provide a high-quality dental service because of decreased anxiety and fear associated dental treatment in persons with disabilities. The dental professionals must be able to select and apply the proper sedation methods in agreement with the characteristics of the disabilities, general conditions, sedation experience and capacity of dentist, type and time of dental treatment, equipments of dental clinic, consent of patient's protector. The proshodontic treatment procedures, such as abutment preparation, dental impression taking process, try-in process of prosthesis and adjustment of occlusion, are difficult even for patients without disabilities. Those procedures are more difficult to patients with disability because it's too hard to control breathing and muscle. In this report, we performed prosthetic dentistry procedures to three patients with disabilities under dental sedation and general anesthesia.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

This study was purported to examine the definition of tone deafness, various factors for the cause based on literature review of research findings, and to examine therapeutic application of music for treatment of tone deafness. With research, it was found that there can be three different kinds of tone deafness; amusia, agnosia, and asonia. Literature review showed that tone deafness has been frequently dealt in many research in order to verify the causal factors, such as gender, age, and environments. With time, the research trend on tone deafness has shifted towards neurological approach closely examining brain activity, presenting the statement that the brain's capacity to perceive modest pitch changes may be congenitally impaired. Also physiological factors contribute to tone deafness called diplacusis, which is a phenomenon wherein a given tone is heard as different pitches by the two ears, resulting in conflicting bilateral perception of pitch. Music can be used for treatment of various factors causing tone deafness. The most efficient intervention was singing program. Pitch-matching training can be effective training using operant conditioning procedure. Successive approximation or reinforcement of correct response alone was more efficient procedure in helping uncertain singers to sing on pitch. Also progressive breathing exercises helped the training the pitch-matching where one had to coordinate hearing and voice.