• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge of breast feeding and practice of feeding pattern. A sample of 117 mothers who have the babies between age from 1 month to 12 months were selected from one university hospital and one public heath care center in J city. The data were collected with the questionnaire during the period from the January. 5, 2002 through January. 30, 2002. Analysis was done by using frequency, percentage, t-test, analysis of variance, and scheffe test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Comparision of the method of feeding by general characters. Income state, rearing (p=.019), rearing supporters(p=.026), infant age(p=.03) have shown significant difference as the variables affecting Breast practice rate. Breastfeeding rate were 24.8%, mixedfeeding type, 14.5%, milkfeeding type, 60.7%. The mean of knowledge on breastfeeding by feeding patterns were the highest in the group of breastfeeding. There was statistical significance between the group of breast feeding and milkfeeding(p=.000). In the conclusion, this study revealed that knowledge of breastfeeding promoted practice of breastfeeding. Therefore, to promote practice of breastfeeding, it is necessary that nurses provide adequate information about knowledge of breastfeeding.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

Breastfeeding is an excellent way of feeding infants and continues to be an important source of nutrition and antibodies for infants. Although breast-feeding is believed to be important, the rate of breastfeeding among Korean women is very low. One reason for the low breastfeeding rate is that the health professionals in the past have given little practical help couples to overcome difficulties encountered during breastfeeding. The promotion of breastfeeding has recently become a high priority among health professionals because of the undisputed physiological, psychological, social, economic, and nutritional benefits. Fathers have been found to influence the course of breastfeeding, but no one has conducted a systematic investigation into in and included fathers perspectives of breastfeeding in Korea. It is important to find strategies to solve the problems by assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding with fathers as well as mothers. The purpose of this research is to find ways to promote primiparous(first child) couples's breastfeeding by assessing their general knowledge, attitude and practice of it. More specifically its purposes is to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude, practice and the background factors of breastfeeding of primiparous couples in order to promote and support breastfeeding. The data will help health professionals to guide first-pregnancy couples to prepare and overcome any difficulties encountered during breastfeeding. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included both structured and open-ended questions. The questionnaire was composed referencing earlier literature, studies and surveys. This survey was made postpartum 2-3days after childbirth on 96 couples. The numbers of subjects for data analysis were selected 51 couples through pilot screening test. Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences : Cronbach's alpha coefficient, T-test, ANOVA, Stepwise pearson's correlation coefficient. The relations between the variables of breastfeeding were examined using a Pearson's correlation coefficient. This study showed that, the internal validity of the instrument was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The result was : mother knowledge 0.72, mother attitude 0.88, and father knowledge 0.70, father attitude 0.92, practice 0.76 and planning of breast feeding 0.95. The average age of mothers in the sample was 28.9 years old, and the average age of fathers in the sample was 31.3 years old. The other descriptive informations available included. the study also found that fathers were more important than doctors or nurses. However results of the study indicate that there were no differences between father and mother knowledge of breastfeeding(t=-0.39, p=0.698), and father attitude was statistically significant higher than mother attitude of breastfeeding (t=2.24, p=0.030). In analysis, the variable 'practice' with breastfeeding was the relationship with mother knowledge (p=0.031) and mother attitude(p=0.015). In this study, the correlation between one couple' knowledge and attitude was not significant. Primiparous couples surveyed in the postpartum period regarding knowledge, attitude and practice about breastfeeding might be affected by recall bias, the effects of the euphoria of the first 24-48 hours postpartum, but these variables were not examined. This study results add to the body of knowledge about nursing care for breastfeeding mothers and fathers. This indicates that a need for education about breastfeeding and, that fathers be included in it as well as mothers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.224-236
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mobile-based breastfeeding promotion program (M-BFGDM) that helps mothers with gestational diabetes. Methods: Forty-seven mothers participated in the study, of whom 22 were in the experimental group and 25 in the control group. To verify the effects, a lag design before and after the non-equivalence control group was used. The data collection for the experimental group was done before and after the intervention. Results: In the results, breastfeeding knowledge showed a significant difference in the interaction between measurement period and group (χ² = 8.14, p = .017), whereas breastfeeding intention did not show a significant difference in the interaction (χ² = 4.73, p = .094). There was no difference in self-efficacy interaction (F = 0.13, p = .856). The breastfeeding method showed no difference in interaction (F = 0.04, p = .952), whereas cross-analysis showed a significant difference in breastfeeding practice rate between the experimental group and the control group at 1 month postpartum (χ² = 7.59, p = .006). Conclusion: A mobile-based breastfeeding promotion program was developed and applied for gestational diabetic mothers, resulting in an increase in breastfeeding knowledge and an improvement in breastfeeding practice rate one month after childbirth. In addition, M-BFGDM managed to create a breastfeeding practice environment with fewer time and place restrictions. A program study that complements motivation is needed to improve breastfeeding in pregnant diabetic mothers in the future.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.208-245
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• 2017

Background: Attitudes toward breastfeeding in public are one potential barrier to optimal breastfeeding rates and durations. Method: Questions about breastfeeding experience and attitudes toward breastfeeding in public were asked in face-to-face interviews as part of the Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS), May-July, 2017. The response rate was 65.8% (2000 respondents nationwide). Results: A majority of Koreans disagreed (1 or 2 on a 4-point scale) with the statement "Women should not breastfeed their child in open, public places" (53.9%) and agreed (3 or 4 on the 4-part Likert scale) with the statements "I do not feel uncomfortable seeing women breastfeed their child in open, public places" (64.0%) and "Breastfeeding a baby, instead of letting the baby cry, in public places is better for other people" (71.8%). However, despite these generally positive attitudes, the majority also said that they would not breastfeed in public (57.4% of women) or, in the case of men, would not want a close female relative to do so (63.8% of men). Breastfeeding in public was positively correlated with the duration of breastfeeding. People were more positive about breastfeeding in public if they: were parents; did not use formula and breastfeeding a similar amount; had children who had been breastfed in public; were older; were Buddhists rather than Christians. An attempt was made to compare attitudes toward breastfeeding in public and breastfeeding durations internationally, but was inconclusive due to not perfectly comparable data. Conclusion: Our results may be useful in planning public health campaigns in South Korea or future attempts at international comparisons to better understand and address the effect of public opinion regarding breastfeeding in public on breastfeeding rates and durations.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.348-357
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate encouragement experience on breastfeeding of health professionals, and the support in their hospitals on breastfeeding. A questionnaire on breastfeeding was administered to the obstetricians, pediatricians and nurses at the department of pediatrics or obstetrics of university hospital and private hospital in Seoul and Choong-Chung Province in South Korea. Total numbers of study subjects were 346 (pediatrician 67, obstetrician 41, nurse 238). Data was statistically analyzed according to descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multivariant analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Most of the respondents (93.6%) had a knowledge regarding breastfeeding which had more advantage than formula-feeding. But their experience to educate the mother about breastfeeding was very limited (34.8%). The major problems were insufficient concern of healthcare professionals, no trained personnel's and lack of education programs on breastfeeding. 2. Most of the respondents (82%) had learned breastfeeding management in class at the university. But 2/3 of them had not been educated on breastfeeding management after graduation. 3. More than half of the hospitals had no breastfeeding education programs. And they recommended the formula-feeding to the mothers. 4. Seventy percent of the respondents recognized that breastfeeding information offered to the mothers in their hospitals might help to increase the rate of breastfeeding. But only 40% of hospital had offered breastfeeding information using pamphlets or brochures. In our study, a majority of respondents had not been educated on breastfeeding after graduation. A personal experience in breastfeeding is known predictor of confidence in breastfeeding. Educational programs may have an effect to change the health professionals behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to assist health professionals in obtaining more knowledge about breastfeeding. Continuing education programs to health professionals should be offered by nation and regional organization.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify effects of breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and barriers on breastfeeding practice on twin mothers and to provide basic data for successful breastfeeding for twins. Methods: Participants were 151 mothers with two to twelve months-old twins. Data were collected from online support groups by an online survey. Results: Mean score for breastfeeding knowledge was $18.34{\pm}4.63$, for breastfeeding attitude was $3.61{\pm}0.51$, and for barriers to breastfeeding was $13.35{\pm}1.08$. The breastfeeding practice rate was 27.8% when twins were two months old. The breastfeeding knowledge was significantly different depending on mother's occupation, number of children, utilization of postpartum caretaker, and age of the children. There were significant differences in the breastfeeding attitude depending on gestational week of twins, planned length of the breastfeeding, and decision period for the breastfeeding. The practice of the breastfeeding was significantly different depending on the number of children. Factors influencing the breastfeeding practice were the breastfeeding attitude (p<.05), age of mother (p<.01), and the number of children (p<.01). Conclusion: An educational program and expert-led supportive system that is designed for twins are necessary, and they need to be included in prenatal care in order to have positive attitude for the breastfeeding as well as to breastfeed successfully.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.376-384
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the influence of a breastfeeding coaching program (BCP) for mothers of late preterm infants (LPIs) on the breastfeeding rate and neonatal morbidity within 1 month after discharge. Methods: This was a non-randomized quasi-experimental study with a time series design. The participants were 40 LPIs and their mothers who were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university hospital. Nineteen LPIs were assigned to the control group, and 21 to the experimental group. The mothers of the LPIs in the experimental group received the BCP once on the discharge day and then once a week for 1 month. Neonatal morbidity was defined as an outpatient department or emergency room visit due to an LPI's health problem. Results: The breastfeeding rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group at the fourth week after discharge (χ²=7.17, p=.028). Five and two LPIs in the control group and the experimental group, respectively, visited a hospital due to neonatal jaundice. Neonatal morbidity was not significantly different between the two groups (χ²=1.95, p=.164). Conclusion: The BCP was useful for improving the breastfeeding rates of LPIs and may have potential to reduce neonatal morbidity.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of a breastfeeding management program for promotion of breastfeeding. Method: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre-post test. The study subjects were pregnant women receiving a breastfeeding education class in one hospital in Ilsan. The total number of study subjects was 153 pregnant women, namely 75 mothers in the experimental group and 78 in the control group. Data was collected between June and November, 2006. A breastfeeding management program was provided to the experimental group while admitted for delivery, and in weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the postpartum period. The rates of breastfeeding were measured in weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the postpartum period. Result: There were significant differences in the scores of rate of breastfeeding between the two groups(all cases), which were 93.1 in the experimental group and 85.8 in the control group at week 4; 88.1 vs 71.8 at week 8; 83.4 vs 56.7 at week 12; 71.4 vs 53.9 at week 16; and 65.7 vs 48.4 at week 20 respectively. However, there were not significant differences in the scores of rate of breast-feeding between the two groups, which were 97.7 in the experimental group and 96.0 in the control group in the early postpartum period at week 2, and 59.6 vs 45.3 at week 24. Add to this, the study analyzed only people who had jobs. As a result, the scores of rate of breastfeeding were 94.8 in the experimental group which were significantly higher than 88.5 in the control group at week 4; 93.2 vs 73.3 at week 8; 89.6 vs 57.2 at week 12; and 75.0 vs 46.0 at week 20 respectively. However, there were not significant differences at week 2, week 16 and week 24. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a breastfeeding management program during the last trimester of the perinatal period and postpartum period may increase the duration of breastfeeding in postpartum clients who intend to breastfeed. This study supports the literature which found that prenatal education and postpartum support are important to the outcome of breastfeeding.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.240-249
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the future plan for infant feeding practice and its associated factors among university students so as to develop focus for nutritional education program for the promotion of breastfeeding. The subjects were 301 students (males 130, females 171). The results obtained were as follows. In this survey, the subjects had a basic knowledge of breastfeeding and lactation, especially of the ingredient of breastmilk. However they were not well informed about the physiology and method of breastfeeding and benefits of breastfeeding for mothers. The average scores far attitude toward breastfeeding and lactation were 3.09 points on a 4 point scale, which indicated a slightly positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. However the participants had a negative attitude toward its emotional and practical aspects. Their future plan for infant feeding was breastfeeding 40.3%, formula feeding 3.0% and mixed feeding 56.7%. A concern was that the students showed a high rate with regard to a mixed feeding plan, and Dey decided this based on an incorrect knowledge of breastfeeding. The group who planned to breastfeed in the future (BF) showed higher scores with respect to knowledge and attitudes than those who planned to formula feed or mixed feed (FF + MF). Therefore, to encourage mothers to breastfeed and support breastfeeding, breastfeeding nutritional education is urgently needed among university students. In addition, nutrition education programs should promote the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and the physiology and practical method of breastfeeding. Also a practical and culturally sensitive course about food and nutrition is recommended to inform participants about breastfeeding. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 240∼249, 2003)

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate belief and attitudes on breastfeeding of physicians and nurses. A questionnaire was mailed to obstetricians, pediatricians and nurses at the department of pediatrics or obstetrics of university hospital and private hospital in Seoul and Choong-Chung Province) in South Korea. Total numbers of study subjects were 346 (pediatrician 67, obstetrician 41, nurse 238). The results were as follows : 1. The main reasons not to educate breast feeding in the hospitals were a lack of interest of the health professionals, a lack of educators and education programs. 2. The respondents thought that the best ways for lactating mother to get advices about breastfeeding during the first month were to give a call to health professionals in the hospitals where she had been delivered, or call to relatives or friends. 3. Breastfeeding attitudes of physicians and nurses did not differ according to gender, job, or type of the hospitals they work. 4. Breastfeeding attitudes were related with personal breastfeeding experience, breastfeeding knowledge, extracurricular education experience, encouragement experience. Physicians and nurses should give appropriate advices and support to lactating mothers to increase breastfeeding rate. They were, however, ill-prepared to counsel breastfeeding mothers. Therefore, it is necessary to instruct breastfeeding in the curriculum of the medical and nursing schools, and incorporate clinically based breastfeeding training into continuing education workshops. Improved breastfeeding education is a critical step in ensuring that health professionals are adequately prepared for this important role.