• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-64
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• 1987

The main objectives of the present study were to understand the knowledge and practice of breastfeeding mothers about the feeding and supplementary food and to analyze the factors related to it. The data for the present study collected from July 9 to July 31, 1984 for 302 mothers in Seoul. 1. The Knowledge of Breastfeeding Mothers about the Fee4ing and Supplementary Food (1) In the knowledge of mothers on the appropriate feeding pattern before 6 month, 69.3% of total women believed that breast-fed babies are healthier. There was a singificant difference in the type of feeding in order to education level, socio-economic state, and. mass-media exposure. (2) In the knowledge of mothers on an appropriate duration of lactation, the mean duration of breastfeeding is 8. 1 month. The duration of breastfeeding gradually decreases in order of education level, socio-economic state, mass-media exposure, and employment status. (3) In the knowledge of mothers on an appropriate time of introduction of supplementary food, the mean time of introduction of supplementary food is 4. 7 month. It is gradually decrease in order of education level, socioeconomic state, mass-media exposure, and employment state. 2. The Practice of Breastfeeding Mothers about the Feeding and Supplementary Food (1) The practice of mothers on infant-feeding before 6 month and that education level, socio-economic state and mass media exposure are the higher, the rate of breast feeding is the less. (2) The mean duration of breastfeeding is 9 month. It is 1 month longer the knowledge of mothers on an appropriate feeding pattern before 6 month. (3) The time of introduction of supplementary food is average 4.75 month. It is similar to the knowledge of mothers on an appropriate time about introduction of supplementary food. The result of this study indicate that the knowledge and practice of breast feeding is maintained comparatively high in low educated group, whereas it is noticeably decreasing among the high educated group. High educated group believed that the short duration of breastfeeding better than long, and they practiced breastfeeding so short period. And high educated group also thought early introduction of supplementary food is good for the babies health. Consequently, in this study, for the most part, elite group is found to have rather wrong opinions and practice about infant nutrition. Therefore the accurate information of infant nutrition is must be encouraged to mothers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2003

목 적 : 임신 시 모유 수유를 계획한 수유모의 모유 수유 실천과 이에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고자 본 조사를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 임신 시 모유 수유를 계획했던 1,128명 중에서 지역과 병원급을 층화하여 무작위 추출한 152명을 연구의 대상으로 하였다. 2001년 11월부터 2002년 3월까지 연구 대상자의 출산 후 4개월에 전화로 설문을 실시하여 결과를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 임신 시 모유 수유를 계획한 수유모 중에서 출산 4개월 후의 모유 수유율은 37.5%였고, 실패 이유는 66.3%가 모유가 나오지 않거나 양이 적어서라고 대답하였고 그 외 수유모의 직장 또는 일 13.7%, 수유모의 질환 7.4%, 변이 묽어서 5.3%, 아기의 질병 4.2% 등이었다. 2) 수유모의 연령, 자녀의 유무, 모유 수유를 결정한 사람, 가족의 형태에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 임신 시 모유 수유를 4개월 이상으로 계획했던 경우 모유 수유율이 2.3(95% 신뢰구간 1.15-4.62)배로 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 3) 전문대졸 이상의 수유모의 모유 수유율이 고졸 수유모보다 0.43(95% 신뢰구간 0.21-0.86)배로 유의하게 낮았으며 취업 수유모의 모유 수유율이 0.37(95% 신뢰구간 0.17-0.83)배로 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 4) 모유 수유 장점과 수유의 방법에 대한 인식항목 20개에 대한 점수의 중앙값 12점을 기준으로 할 때 12점 이상인 사람의 모유 수유율은 41.5%였던 반면, 12점 미만인 경우 34.5%의 모유 수유율을 보여 인식이 높은 군이 낮은 군에 비해 1.35(95% 신뢰구간 0.70-2.62)배의 모유 수유율을 보였다(P>0.05). 5) 출산 장소가 산부인과 의원인 경우 종합병원 보다 모유 수유율이 3.97(95% 신뢰구간 11-14.23)배로 유의하게 높았다(P>0.05). 출산아 성별, 병원내 모유 수유, 모자동실 및 분만 형태에 따른 모유 수유율의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 모유 수유율 높이기 위해서 적극적인 산전 교육과 출산 후 병의원에서 모유 수유를 할 수 있도록 모자동실, 모유 수유 상담 및 교육이 적절하게 제공되어야 할 것이다. 또한 취업 수유모의 모유 수유를 위한 공간과 시설 및 휴가 문제 등이 사회 정책이나 국가 정책으로 제도화 되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1972

In this article, the writer attempted to study the followings: (1) mother's knowledge of milk feeding (including method of sterilization, formula and feeding) (2) reasons of artificial feeding (3) how much mothers are concerned about their artificial feeding infants (4) condition of growth and development of artificial feeding infants. As the object of study, 96 mothers with artificial feeding infants, who had consulted dep't of pediatrics of two Hospitals in Seoul (Korea Hospital and Med. College Woo Suk Hospital, Korea Uni.) and well baby clinic of the two Health Centers (Sung Dong and Dongdaemoon), were randomly sampled. The data were treated by the statistic method of chi-square and percentage, and come to the following conclusion. 1. Knowledge of milk feeding Sterilization: 70 percentages of mothers know about the milk sterilization (including bottle, nipple and instrument), but 55 percentages of them do not know the nipple sterilization correctly. Formula: 69 percentages of mothers follow the indicator or in accordance with doctor's directions, but 31 percentages do at their option by reasons that the baby often coughs up the milk, the baby is too small, the baby often has digestive troubles, or the baby grow fleshy heavily etc, except family economic problems. Feeding: only half of mothers know the correct feeding method, especially they do not know how to determine the heat degree of milk and how to bubble up the baby correctly. They just do feeding according to the accepted usages. 2. Reasons of artificial feeding Of the reasons of artificial feeding, 18 percentages were caused by infants and 82 percentages by mothers. Most of the reasons are mainly due to the lack of breast milk and sufficient supply of nourishments rather than mother's deficiency or mother's abnormality. 3. Mother's concern for artificial feeding infants Mothers who are sharply concerned for their artificial feeding baby's growth and development: 63%, mothers who made the baby (artificial feeding infant) routine vaccinated: 81%, mothers who ear anxious about the baby's future personality forming : 68%, mothers who care about the baby's condition of nourishment; 60%, mothers who are anxious about tile selection of baby's food; 54%. 4. The growth and development of artificial feeding infants compared with Korean average infants. The artificial feeding infants are above the Korean average infants in stature by 1.21 centimeters and in weight by 0.3 kilograms. Conclusion: It has been said that there is no better food for infant than the breast milk. However, the artificial feeding has been used for the supplement of nourishments and as substitute food for the breast milk. And this artificial feeding could give the married women the chance to act in society and more opportunity to develop themselves and to work for others at home and other fields. Considering these advantages, artificial feeding should not be exclusive, but preferably should be more improved and inquired positively. And even in artificial feeding, what is most important is that mothers should recognize the requirement and need of artificial feeding clearly and correctly, and they should be accustomed to the correct knowledge and skills of artificial feeding in order to practice it appropriately. In some degree, they should be properly trained in school education process.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the mothers' nutritional knowledge on weaning of 101 infants (8 for 4 mo, 44 for 5 mo, 45 for 6 mo, 4 for 7 mo) at a public health center of Incheon. Informations on the mothers' nutritional knowledge were obtained by questionnaires. In this survey $41.6\%$ of infants were breast-feeding, $43.6\%$ of them were bottle-feeding, and $14.9\%$ of them were mixed feeding right after birth. The rate of breast-feeding right after birth was significantly higher in mothers of high school graduate than mothers of college/university graduate (p < 0.05). The infants of mothers graduated high school began to be weaned significantly earlier than the infants of mothers graduated college/university (p < 0.05). $95.1\%$ of infants (n = 101) began to be weaned 4 to 6 months. $83.1\%$ of infants were fed home-made weaning foods. $66.7\%$ of infants were fed rice gruel, $18.5\%$ of them were fruit juice, $6.2\%$ of them were mixed grain, and $4.9\%$ of them were commercially prepared weaning foods as their first supplementary foods. As main supplementary foods, $32.8\%$ of infants were fed vegetable, $30.5\%$ of them were rice gruel, and $27.7\%$ of them were fruit juice. Mothers' nutritional knowledge related to weaning was significantly higher among mothers of college/ university graduate than mothers of high school graduate (p < 0.05). $86.1\%$ of mothers disagreed with the questionnaire in which breast-fed infants aged over 4 months needed to be fed iron sufficient food. For the improvement of nutritional status especially iron nutritional status of infants, nutritional education for mothers with weaning aged infants has to be increased and related programs have to be operated effectively.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2009

목 적: 최근 모유수유의 장점이 알려지며 모유수유 아들이 늘고 있다. 이유기 영유아의 가장 흔한 영양장애인 IDA (Iron deficiency anemia)가 모유수유아와 다른 형태의 수유아에서 어떻게 나타나고 있는지 알아보고 IDA와 대조군의 이유식 진행 상황 및 이유지식 등에 대해 알아보았다. 방 법: 2006년 3월부터 2009년 1월까지 인하대병원에 내원한 6~24개월의 영유아 중 IDA를 진단받은 70명과 IDA가 없는 140명의 보호자에게 수유 형태, 이유식 진행 상황 및 이유지식을 묻는 설문을 시행하였다. IDA군의 자료와 함께 IDA가 없는 군을 대조군으로 하여 분석하였다. 결 과: IDA군은 IDA가 없는 군에 비해 이유식을 늦게 시작하며 IDA군에의 모유수유아 비율이 대조군에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 모유수유군은 다른 형태의 수유군에 비해 의미 있게 늦은 6.4개월에 이유식을 시작하는 것으로 나타났다. 이유식을 완성하기 까지 58.1%가 1개월 정도 걸렸으며 4개월 이상 걸린 경우도 19.8%나 되었다. 이유 지식 정도에서 두 군은 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.32). 결 론: 생후 6개월경에 체내 저장철이 떨어지며 철의 요구량이 급증하게 된다. 일반적으로 영유아가 이유식에 익숙해지기까지 시간이 걸리고, 초기 이유식 내에는 철분 함량이 적으므로 이 시기 철분 필요량을 충분히 공급할 수 없을 것으로 생각한다. IDA 또는 철결핍을 예방하기 위해 이유식을 좀 더 일찍 권장 해 6개월에는 체내 필요량만큼의 철분이 공급될 수 있게 해야할 것으로 보인다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5633-5638
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• 2014

Purpose: Our research project aimed at presenting midwifery student self-assessment of performing the role of breast cancer prevention educator. Materials and Methods: Investigations were carried out in 2011 at the Medical University of Lublin in Poland, and Katolieke Hogeschool of Kortrijk in Belgium, after obtaining approval of the ethical committee of Polish Midwives Association (III/EC/2011/PMA). The project involved a total of 155 midwifery students, made up of 95 from Poland, and 60 from Belgium. Relations between opposing characteristics were tested with Chi-square ($x^2$) test for independent traits. To assess the dependence relation between the examined variables Pearson's corrected coefficient was used. Data base and statistics were carried out with computer software STATISTICA 9.0 (StatSoftPoland). Conclusions: Student knowledge on prevention against breast cancer was unsatisfactory. The students place of residence determined their self-estimation of personal knowledge of breast cancer prevention and diagnosing methods to assess the incidence of the disease, this knowledge being better with the students of Lublin. Better self-estimation in the students of Lublin of their personal knowledge on factors rising the risk of breast cancer, such as alimentation method, application of oral contraceptives and breast feeding was found than in Belgian students.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

Breastfeeding is an excellent way of feeding infants and continues to be an important source of nutrition and antibodies for infants. Although breast-feeding is believed to be important, the rate of breastfeeding among Korean women is very low. One reason for the low breastfeeding rate is that the health professionals in the past have given little practical help couples to overcome difficulties encountered during breastfeeding. The promotion of breastfeeding has recently become a high priority among health professionals because of the undisputed physiological, psychological, social, economic, and nutritional benefits. Fathers have been found to influence the course of breastfeeding, but no one has conducted a systematic investigation into in and included fathers perspectives of breastfeeding in Korea. It is important to find strategies to solve the problems by assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of breastfeeding with fathers as well as mothers. The purpose of this research is to find ways to promote primiparous(first child) couples's breastfeeding by assessing their general knowledge, attitude and practice of it. More specifically its purposes is to identify the relationship between knowledge, attitude, practice and the background factors of breastfeeding of primiparous couples in order to promote and support breastfeeding. The data will help health professionals to guide first-pregnancy couples to prepare and overcome any difficulties encountered during breastfeeding. Data were collected through a questionnaire which included both structured and open-ended questions. The questionnaire was composed referencing earlier literature, studies and surveys. This survey was made postpartum 2-3days after childbirth on 96 couples. The numbers of subjects for data analysis were selected 51 couples through pilot screening test. Data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences : Cronbach's alpha coefficient, T-test, ANOVA, Stepwise pearson's correlation coefficient. The relations between the variables of breastfeeding were examined using a Pearson's correlation coefficient. This study showed that, the internal validity of the instrument was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The result was : mother knowledge 0.72, mother attitude 0.88, and father knowledge 0.70, father attitude 0.92, practice 0.76 and planning of breast feeding 0.95. The average age of mothers in the sample was 28.9 years old, and the average age of fathers in the sample was 31.3 years old. The other descriptive informations available included. the study also found that fathers were more important than doctors or nurses. However results of the study indicate that there were no differences between father and mother knowledge of breastfeeding(t=-0.39, p=0.698), and father attitude was statistically significant higher than mother attitude of breastfeeding (t=2.24, p=0.030). In analysis, the variable 'practice' with breastfeeding was the relationship with mother knowledge (p=0.031) and mother attitude(p=0.015). In this study, the correlation between one couple' knowledge and attitude was not significant. Primiparous couples surveyed in the postpartum period regarding knowledge, attitude and practice about breastfeeding might be affected by recall bias, the effects of the euphoria of the first 24-48 hours postpartum, but these variables were not examined. This study results add to the body of knowledge about nursing care for breastfeeding mothers and fathers. This indicates that a need for education about breastfeeding and, that fathers be included in it as well as mothers.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a breast feeding program for mothers of premature infants. The program was applied and its effect was evaluated on stress, knowledge and breastfeeding behaviors of premature infant mothers. Method: This study employed a one group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design. The data were collected from 17 participants from August 15 to October 24, 2004, at a N1CU at D University Medical Center located in Susan, Korea. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, SD, and t-test using SPSS version 10. Result: After the program, participants significantly showed a greater level of knowledge than before the program (t=-5.750, p=.000). No statistically significant differences in stress level scores were found (t=1.453, p=.153). The breastfeeding practice rate was 94.1%: Conclusion: This educational program using a handbook and video had a positive effect on increasing knowledge and practice of breastfeeding among premature infant mothers. It is suggested that this study be replicated with a larger sample size to compare group responses.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2010

Purpose : Mothers and primary encounter and Korean traditional Gynecology clinician's perspective on breastfeeding, the importance and general knowledge, familiar with the breastfeeding-related issues to help resolve the maternal education and treatment. treatment options for a specific note down the need for Maternity and think that the existing studies and articles about breast diseases with reference to the view of the contemplated. Method : Maternity and breast disease with reference to research and review papers. Results : The first, from the past to encourage nursing mothers to eat a lot of nursing was given recently is changing the perception of adequate calories. and second, the posture of breastfeeding in prevention of mother's fatigue and pain and the baby's milk intake should be considered effective. The third, breast feeding is heavier than normal because of the surrounding muscle tissue in the breast to support the training may be helpful to. At last is emotional stability, and adequate nutritional intake and their milk is not enough awareness and interest in and education about breast-feeding mothers to breastfeed will help you look. Conclusion : Prenatal care program in order to facilitate breastfeeding and breast-feeding from the breast managed Postpartum Care Program consists of a map for the breast-related discomfort in advance to lead to prevention and to increase women's satisfaction seems to be.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.767-776
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional improvement of 0~5 year children of financially poor families after nutrition supplement of children and nutrition education in parents/guardians. The subject selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government included 198 children (0~12 months:92, 1~5 years:106), and the average ages were 5.3 months and 2.4 years respectively. Food that includes each nutrient factor was provided to the subject for six months. Nutrition education was performed in two ways, through class and private education, once a month for both. Nutritional improvement was evaluated by body measurement and anemia prevalence rate. As to the survey on breast-feeding, complete breast-feeding accounted for 58.7%, weaning food 27.3%, and combined feeding 14.1% respectively, which shows that breast-feeding accounted for the largest percentage. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents/guardians, which brings in positive effects on growth of children as well. The nutrition knowledge score was improved after nutrition education in 0~12 month children $(8.5\pm1.75\;to\;8.9\pm1.69)$ and 1~5 year children $(7.3\pm1.39\;to\;7.8\pm1.30)$. The nutrition attitude score was significantly improved in 0~12month children $(52.0\pm6.99$ to $53.5\pm5.21$, p < 0.001) and 1~5year children ($45.1\pm7.30$ to $49.0\pm5.96$, p < 0.001). In evaluation on nutritional improvement based on body measurements, it turned out that the wasting was reduced as for children in consideration of the height and weight according to the subject's age. The concentration of hemoglobin after the nutrient treatment for six months was significantly improved, and the anemia prevalence rate as well was reduced from 40.6% to 13.5%, which indicates the significant improvement. Based on the findings above, it turned out that providing quality food to children and nutrition education to the parents/guardians poorly fed in low-income families improved knowledge and attitude of the guardians and prevents anemia and improves growth, which brings in positive effects on growth of children. In the results regarding attitude and knowledge on nutrient/dietary life; however, the improvement level was relatively low when the extent before the education was too small, which indicates the need to revise and complement the contents and methods. In addition, as shown in the result of body measurement, long-term and consistent investigation is necessary since it is difficult to judge the effect on growth only based on short-term nutrient supplement.