• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.110
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2005

Removal of fines from fiber furnish by fractionation improves drainage, but decreases fiber bonding in paper. Fines can be again classified by their size such as the fines that passed 150 and 400 mesh screen, respectively. A hypothesis of different properties between these two kinds of fines was tested. Four different furnishes (SwBKP, HwBKP, KOCC, and BCTMP) were refined in two levels, and all their furnish and handsheet properties were compared in respect of their fines. KOCC fines gave the slowest drainage and least contribution to breaking length while BCTMP fines the fastest drainage and the highest contribution to breaking length. Removal of the fines that passed 400 mesh screen gave high improvement in drainage and large decrease in breaking length. Only KOCC fines removal gave more positive results where there were large improvement in drainage but only small decrease in breaking length.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2004

When the wind blows hard, most waves are breaking in sea. Breaking waves occur, exceeding limitation of wave steepness(wave height/wave length=l/7). Because a wave of single angular frequency couldn't generate the breaking phenomena at two dimensional ocean engineering basin, the breaking wave can be generated by the superposition of waves with various angular frequencies. We research how are the particle kinematics in the breaking wave and the magnitude of the breaking wave exciting force. We compare the force in a regular wave which has same specifications(wave height, period and length) as the breaking wave. Also the experimental results of wave exciting force and particle velocity are investigated by comparison on the analytic results using the potential theory.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.1 s.74
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2007

When the wind blows strong, most waves are breaking at sea. Breaking waves occur by exceeding the limitation of wave steepness (wave height/wave length = 1/7). Because a wave of single angular frequency couldn't generate the breaking phenomena at a two-dimensional ocean engineering basin, the breaking wave can be generated by the superposition of waves with various angular frequencies based on dispersion relation. This study investigates the particle kinematics in the breaking wave and the magnitude of the breaking wave exciting force at the breaking point and breaking region. We compare the regular wave load in a regular wave, which has same specifications (wave height, period and length), with the breaking waveload. Also, the experimental results of wave exciting force and particle velocity are investigated, by comparison with the analytic results using the potential theory.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 1990

A local Iribarren number is suggested for the universal use of breaker type classification, which relates the bed slope to the wave steepness, both being given from the breaking point. The existing Iribarren number uses the wave length at an offshore point, while the local Iribarren number uses the wave length at the breaking point so that it can imply any influences due to current interaction and diffraction. The modified form of Miche's breaking criterion includes 고 breaking parameter which may be related to the local Iribarren number. Using the modifiedform of Miche's criterion with the local Iribarren number, the inclusion of Doppler effect seems to describe well the wave breaking mechanism in a current-interacted flow on a sloping beach without any additional effects implemented.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2023

In this study, a fiber chain was developed to replace a steel chain using high-modulus polyethylene DM20. The pick count, wrapping count, and inner length were selected as the main design variables of the fiber chain and were analyzed to increase the breaking strength. Orthogonal array experiments were conducted, and the results were analyzed with respect to the breaking strength. The analysis revealed that the pick count and wrapping count had meaningful effects at significance levels within 5%. The main effect analysis revealed that a smaller pick count, larger wrapping count, and longer inner length caused the breaking strength to increase. With the wrapping count fixed at 1, a pick count less than -0.65, and an inner length greater than 0.38, the breaking strength was calculated to be greater than 300 kN. These results are expected be important factors in the derivation of an optimal combination of design variables to attain a fiber chain with a targeted strength.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2013

To evaluate the anisotropic characteristics of Korean traditional paper-Hanji, the physical and mechanical characteristics of hand-made hanji, and machine-made hanji were investigated in this research. The densities of copying paper and newsprint paper appeared to be two times higher than the densities of hand-made hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming and hanji made of paper mulberry fiber. The breaking length, and tear index of both Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming, and hand-made Hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming appeared to be different according to the directions in paper. The breaking lengths of Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming showed little differences according to the directions. Breaking length of Hanji using Ssangbal sheet were slightly higher than those of Hanji using Owangbla sheet forming. The breaking lengths of machine-made hanji, copying paper, and newsprint paper were two to four times higher than those of hand-made Hanji. The breaking length showed higher differences according to the direction than the tear index. The tensile strength according to the directions in paper showed significant differences (${\alpha}$=0.05) in all papers used in this research.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2001

The effects of enzymatic treatment of recycled fiber were investigated to obtain the basic informations which can be used to improve the papermaking properties of recycled fiber. The recycled fibers were prepared by the repeated handsheet making and disintegrating of hardwood of hardwood and softwood kraft pulp. Novozym 342, Dinimax and Pulpzyme HC were used for enzymatic treatment. The change of fiber length distribution, freeness, contact angle and crystallinity of pulp were measured. The brightness, opacity, breaking and tear index of paper were also measured. The enzymatic treatment decreased long fiber fraction of recycled hardwood fiber, but increased long fiber fraction of recycled softwood fiber. Freeness was decreased with 0.1% enzyme and then increased again with the increase of th enzyme dosage. The improvement of flexibility of recycled fiber was obtained through the decrease of contact angle that is resulted from the decrease of crystallinity of fiber. Brightness and opacity were affected by the type of pulp and enzyme, and dosage of enzyme. Breaking length of recycled hardwood fiber was improved with enzyme treatment, but breaking length of recycled softwood fiber was decreased except for 0.01% Pulpzyme treatment. Tear index was decreased with enzymatic treatment and the lowest decrease was observed with the treatment to Pulpzyme.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to analyze lodging-related traits using different cultivars from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. in direct seeded rice on dry paddy field. Stem diameter and culm wall thickness were highest in 'Caloro' followed by 'Nongan', 'M202', and 'Calrose'. All the U.S. cultivars were higher than the others in stem diameter and culm wall thickness. These two traits were important with regard to lodging. The highest breaking strength (1442g) was observed in Caloro. 'Gancheoek', 'Dongjin', and transplanted 'Hatsuboshi' showed more than 1000g in breaking strength. Lodging index was lowest in Hatsuboshi followed by Nongan and Gancheok. Even though breaking strength of the U.S. cultivars was higher than others, their lodging index values were high. There were no statistically significant differences in starch content. However, Calrose, Caloro, Dongjin, and Koshihikari were relatively higher than others in starch content. Positive correlations were found between culm base weight, lignin and breaking strength. High contents of lignin and cellulose were observed in Nongan, transplanted Hatsuboshi, Calrose, and Caloro. Traits such as stem diameter, culm wall thickness, bending moment, culm length, breaking strength, cellulose, lignin, and culm base weight were closely related to a lodging index. According to path coefficient analysis, most important traits were culm length, stem diameter, thickness of clum wall, and top plant weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 1994

In this study a nondimensional parameter, feed/land length(F/L) was introduced, and using this parameter, cutting performance and chip breaking characteristics of the groove and the land angle type chip formers were assessed. Specific cutting energy consumed and shape of broken chip with its breaking cycle time were appraised to find out the ranges of F/L value where efficient cutting and effective chip breaking could be achieved. C type chip was found out to be the most preferable in terms of cutting efficiency.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1991.07a
• /
• pp.86-89
• /
• 1991

In recent years, Vacuum Circuit Breaker(VCB) has been widely used to enhance the confidence and at the same time to ease maintenance of waterworks requipment as the power supply breaker of high voltage motor. When making and breaking the sources as VCB the powerful surge voltage, repetitive reignition phenomenon resulted from exceeding inter-pole endurance voltage of CB, has occured. It has transmitted to the winding of motor stator through the cable, and this surge voltage is repeated over and over again before finishing making and breaking action of CB according to cumulation of repetitive reignition surge, motor has become burned in the end. This paper describes surge voltage occuring in making and breaking of VCB as circuit parameters by transient phenonenon and examines closely the variance of peak values, wavefront-length, wavetail-length, when changing inductance and capacitance of a cable. Finally we will expect to protect motor winding breakdown from surge voltage through parallel connection of suitable-size in the motor.