• Toxicological Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 1991

Membrane transport of brazilin was investigated i primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Brazilin was transported into hepatocytes very slowly and reached plateau at about 60 minutes. Saturation of transport process was not observed and the transport was not affected by ouabain, metabolic inhibitors, and its structural analog. The amount of brazilin transported into hepatocytes was decreased when the environmental temperature was decreased. These results suggest that brazilin might be transported into hepatocytes by simple diffusional process.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2018

The aim of this research was to determine the diverse effects of Sappan Lignum extract and brazilin on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. We confirmed the antioxidant effect of Sappan Lignum extract and brazilin was analyzed by using an ABTS assay, confirming the efficacy of water extraction method. Also, we examined effect of Sappan Lignum extract and brazilin on the cell viability, using the MTS assay in HaCaT cells. mRNA expression levels of tight junction-related genes associated with skin barrier in HaCaT cells were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Sappan Lignum extract increased the cellular activity of HaCaT cells and the expression of the tight junction-related genes claudin 3, claudin 6, and ZO-2. Brazilin displayed the same effects as that of the extract on HaCaT cells activity and tight junction-related genes expression. Furthermore, dispase assay demonstrated altered cell-cell adhesion strength of Sappan Lignum extract or brazilin treated HaCaT cells. Sappan Lignum extract or brazilin might be an useful ingredient in skin-mosturizinng and anti-wrinkle cosmetics, given its effects of altering mRNA expression of tight junction-related genes and enhancing cell-cell adhesion strength of HaCaT cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 1998

Hypoglycemic action of brazilin was found to be based on the improvement of peripheral glucose utility, and this action might be correlated with the insulin action pathway. In the present study we investigated the effect of brazilin on the insulin receptor autophosphorylation, protein kinase C (PKC), protein phosphatase and insulin receptor serine kinase in order to confirm whether the hypoglycemic mechanism is concerned with insulin action pathway. Brazilin was found to inhibit PKC and insulin receptor serine kinase, which are involved in the regulation of insulin signal pathway. But any significant effect was not shown on insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity, autophosphorylation and phosphatase activity. These findings suggest that brazilin might enhance insulin receptor function by decreasing serine phosphorylation, which might mediate hypoglycemic effect of brazilin.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.82-85
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• 1997

To develop an active material for skin darkening, we examined the effect of 300 plants on tyrosinase activity and found only Caesalpinia sappan has an ability to increase tyrosinase activity highly and melanin contents in B-16 melanoma cells. A compound increasing tyrosinase activity and melanin production was isolated from Caesalpinia sappan Lignum. Brazilin was identified as a new active agent. Brazilin increases the tyrosinase activity and malanin production of B-16 melanoma cells. In conclusion, it seems that brazilin cal be used as a new sunless tanning agent.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권3_4호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1996

Brazilin was tested for its ability to inhibit alloxan induced lipidperoxidation. Lipid peroxide contents in liver, kidney and serum were measured by the TBA method. ICR mice receiving alloxan at a dose of 43mg/kg via the tail vein after a 24 hrs starvation showed significantly increased lipid peroxide contents as compared to untreated control. Lipid peroxide contents in liver, kidney and serum of alloxan-induced diabetic mice were dosedependently decreased by the treatment of brazilin at a dose of 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 100 mg/kg for 5 days.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.145-148
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• 1988

Effects of brazilin on the blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability were investigated in alloxan induced diabetic rats. By the treatment to alloxan induced diabetic rats, enhancement of erythrocyte deformability was observed. In the in vitro study on the erythrocyte deformability, brazilin showed statistically significant improving effects on the erythrocyte deformability. At the concentrations of $10^3$ M of brazilin, erythrocyte deformability was compared with those of hematoxylin, pentoxifyline and prednisolone.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1988

Impaired erythrocyte deformability was considered to paly an important role in microcirculatory disturbances. We recently confirmed that the brazilin, the main active principle of Caesalpinia sappan, enhanced activity of erythrocyte deformability and reduced blood viscosity. In this study, we examined the effects of brazilin on three biochemical parameters (ATP, 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate, and calcium) which influenced erythrocyte deformability. Treatment with barzilin increased erythrocyte deformability and ATP concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Concentrations of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and calcium in diabetic rats following brazilin administration were decreased significantly compared to those of diabetic control rats. The results suggest that brazilin have a potential effect to improve rheological abnormalities in diabetes.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

소목은 전통적으로 타박상, 염증 등의 질병치료를 위해 민간의학에서 오래 동안 사용되어 온 한약재야다. 소목의 섬재로부터 항균효과를 조사하기 위하여 MeOH 추출에 의한 hexane, $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, MeOH 및 $H_2O$ 분획을 얻었다. 분획 시료 중 3.94%의 가장 높은 수율의 EtOAc 분획이 조사된 인채 병원성 세균에 대해 가장 강한 항균활성 나타냈다. 또한 EtOAc 분획의 항균활성은 Gram (-) 균주 보다 Gram (+) 균주에 더 효과적이며, Gram (-) 균주에 대해서는 세균에 따른 항균활성의 차이를 보였다. EtOAc 분획은 silica gel adsorption column chromatography 및 Sephadex LH-20을 이용하여 분리하였으며 수득한 주요 성분은 채결정을 통하여 얻어진 단일물질을 HPLC를 이용하여 순도를 측정하였다. 300g의 C. sappan으로부터 3.94%의 EtOAc 분획을 얻었으며 EtOAc분획물은 분석한 결과 10 mg에는 1.67 mg의 brazilin을 포함하였다. 분리된 활성울질은 짧은 황색 결정의 단일 화합물로 MS에 의해 분자량이 285로 나타났으며, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR에 의한 구조분석으로 brazilin($C_{16}H_{14}O_5$을 동정하였다. 이 같은 결과는 소목의 MeOH 추출에 의한 EtOAc 분획에 존재하는 brazilin이 S. aureus와 같은 인체 병원성 Gram (+) 균주에 대한 생약치료제로 활용이 가능할 것을 시사한다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.268.1-268.1
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• 2003

Brazilin is the phenolic compound isolated from the Caesalpinia sappan. This compound has shown a wide range of physiological properties, such as hypoglycemic, anticonvulsant, vasorelaxing, and immunomodulating effects. In this study, we have found that brazilin induced DNA strand scissions in the presence of Cu(II) and this DNA cleavages were mediated by reactive oxygen species. (omitted)

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.321-321
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• 1994

다양하고 복잡한 기전에 의하여 정교히 조절되고 있는 면역 체계의 비정상적인 기능에 비롯된 자가 면역 질환을 개선, 치료하기 위하여 지금까지 많은 면역 조절제가 개발되어 온 바 있으며, 이들의 면역 조절 기전은 약물에 따라 그 효능에 있어 차이가 크고 독성등의 부작용등으로 인해 그 사용이 현저히 제한되고있는 경우가 많아 보다 안전하고 효능있는 새로운 면역 조절제의 개발은 아직도 매우 중요한 의의를 지니고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구실에서는 천연물로부터의 새로운 면역 조절제의 검색을 수행하여 온 바 있으며, 그중 Brazilin이 Low-dose Streptozotocin의 반복 투여에 의해 유도되는 당뇨병 상태의 면역 조절 기능에 미치는 영향에 대해서 검색하고자 하였다. 실험의 결과를 종합하여보면, Brazilin은 외부항원 (SRBC)의 유입시 정상 대조군에 비해 현저히 저하되어 있는 T cell의 기능을 정상 대조군 혹은 그 이상으로 증가시키는 효과를 나타내었으며, B cell의 기능 역시 활성화 시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이로부터 Brazilin은 Streptozotocin 유도 당뇨병 상태의 면역기능을 정상화시키는 면역 조절활성을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다.