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Antibacterial Activities of Caesalpinia sappan L. Extract and Structural Analysis of Its Related Brazilin  

Kwon, Hyun-Jung (Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Kim, Yong-Hyun (Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Nam, Kung-Woo (Jung San Bio Technology Co.)
Kim, Sun-Ki (Sunbio Co.)
Bang, In-Soek (Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Hoseo University)
Han, Man-Deuk (Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Soonchunhyang University)
Publication Information
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters / v.38, no.1, 2010 , pp. 105-111 More about this Journal
Abstract
Caesalpinia sappan L. has long been commonly used in oriental folk medicines to treat diseases. To investigate the antibacterial effects from C. sappan L. heart wood, the MeOH soluble extract was successively fractionated by using hexane, $CHC1_3$, EtOAc, BuOH, MeOH, and $H_2O$. Among of these extracts, the EtOAc fraction which partitioned to 3.94% of the highest yields was to be the most active against all human pathogenic bacteria in this experiment. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the EtOAc fraction were more effective against Gram (+) bacteria compared to those against Gram (-) bacteria, which showed difference of the antibacterial activities against Gram (-) bacteria. To confirm the identity of the active substances, the EtOAc fraction was further separated by silica gel adsorption column, high performance liquid chromatography, and 98.48% purity of brazilin (1.67 mg)/EtOAc (10 mg) fraction was obtained from 300 g of C. sappan L. heart wood. The isolated active substance was a single compound of yellow crystalline, and was identified as brazilin ($C_{16}H_{14}O_5$) by MS, and $^lH$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR. These results suggest that the brazilin in the EtOAc fraction from MeOH extract of C. sappan L. has a potential as a natural therapeutic agent against human pathogenic Gram (+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords
Caesalpinia sappan L.; ethyl acetate fraction; antibacterial activity; brazilin; structural analysis;
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