• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences by comparing consumption tendency of the Flatfish and Salmon using focus group interview (FGI). The FGI was conducted on university students in their 20s, with a total of 38 respondents surveyed in seven focus groups. Flatfish was recognized as a food in the form of popular sliced raw fish and had customer image that fit for middle-aged men in their 40s and 50s while eating with alcohol. 20s were perceived to be out of date with their age group as flatfish was considered old fish that did not match their age. In addition, they felt low accessibility to flatfish. Salmon was perceived by 20s as a food with a higher appeal than flatfish. Salmon has been creating a brand identity in their 20s and 30s for fashionable and trendy food that appealed to younger generations. They considered characteristics of salmon high in intangible value, such as something sophisticated, trendy, and beautiful. 20s consumed various forms of salmon including salmon sushi, salmon bowl, and salmon fillet, and they perceived it as a psychologically close food that can be easily accessible. In this study, the color of species (orange color of salmon), accessibility, restaurant image, and social media exposure were found to influence the consumption patterns of two species.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.37-57
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• 2018

With the spread of smart phones, interest in mobile media is on the increase as useful media recently. Mobile media is assessed as having differentiated advantages from existing media in that not only can they provide consumers with desired information anytime and anywhere but also real-time interaction is possible in them. So far, studies on mobile advertising were mostly researches analyzing satisfaction with, and acceptance of, mobile advertising based on survey, researches focusing on the factors affecting acceptance of mobile advertising messages and researches verifying the effect of mobile advertising on brand recall, advertising attitude and brand attitude through experiments. Most of the domestic mobile advertising studies related to advertisement effect and advertisement attitude have been conducted through experiments and surveys. The advertising effectiveness measure of the mobile ad used the attitude of the advertisement, purchase intention, etc. To date, there have been few studies on the effects of mobile advertising on actual advertising data to prove the characteristics of the advertising platform and to prove the relationship between the factors influencing the advertising effect and the factors. In order to explore advertising effect of mobile advertising platform currently commercialized, this study defined advertising characteristics and media characteristics from the perspective of advertiser, advertising platform and publisher and analyzed the influence of each characteristic on advertising effect. As the advertisement characteristics, we classified advertisement format classified by bar type and floating type, and advertisement material classified by image and text. We defined advertisement characteristics of advertisement platform as Hedonic and Utilitarian media characteristics. As a dependent variable, we use CTR, which is the ratio of response (click) to ad exposure. The theoretical background and the analysis of the mobile advertising business, the hypothesis that the advertisement effect is different according to the advertisement specification, the advertisement material, In the ad standard, bar ads are classified as static framing, Floating ads can be categorized as dynamic framing, and the hypothetical definition of floating advertisements, which are high-profile dynamic framing ads, is highly responsive. In advertising, images with high salience are defined to have higher ad response than text. In the media characteristics classified as practical / hedonic type, it is defined that the hedonic type media has a more relaxed tendency than the practical media, and there is a high possibility of receiving various information because there is no clear target. In addition, image material and hedonic media are defined to be highly effective in the interaction between advertisement specification and advertisement material, advertisement specifications and media characteristics, and advertisement material and media characteristics. As the result of regression analysis on each characteristic, material standard, which is a characteristic of mobile advertisement, and media characteristics separated into 'Hedonic' and 'Utilitarian' had significant influence on advertisement effect and mutual interaction effect was also confirmed. In the mobile advertising standard, the advertising effect of the floating advertisement is higher than that of the bar advertisement, Floating ads were more effective than text ads for image ads. In addition, it was confirmed that the advertising effect is higher in the practical media than the hedonic media. The research was carried out with the big data collected from the mobile advertising platform, and it was possible to grasp the advertising effect of the measure index standard which is used in the practical work which could not be grasped in the previous research. In other words, the study was conducted using the CTR, which is a measure of the effectiveness of the advertisement used in the online advertisement and the mobile advertisement, which are not dependent on the attitude of the ad, the attitude of the brand, and the purchase intention. This study suggests that CTR is used as a dependent variable of advertising effect based on actual data of mobile ad platform accumulated over a long period of time. The results of this study is expected to contribute to establishment of optimum advertisement strategy such as creation of advertising materials and planning of media which suit advertised products at the time of mobile advertisement.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.147-159
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• 2016

In South Korea, many cases of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) have been reported among people who used humidifier products containing humidifier disinfectant (HD). The objective of this study is to characterize exposure to HD among a total of 221 HDLI patients who used HD. Information and data on the HDs used were collected through a structured questionnaire and home environmental investigations. The conditions of these 221 HDLI patients were clinically confirmed to be caused by the use of HD. Children aged under 5 years old made up the highest proportion of HDLI cases (n=125, 56.6 %), followed by pregnant women (n=35, 15.8%). Forty-three percent (n=95) of the victims died. There were three cases of fetuses and 35 pregnant women among the victims. The number of HDLI patients who used only the Oxy Saksak brand of HD was found to be 85 (38.5%), followed by the HD brands Cefu (n=24, 10.9%), Lottemart Wiselect (n=9, 4.1%) and Aekyung (n=3). Patients who exclusively used HD brands containing polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) (n=13, 55.7%) as an active ingredient made up the largest share, followed by those who exclusively used HD containing only oligo(2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl guanidinium (PGH) (n=24, 10.9%) and by those who only used a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) (n=3, 1.4%). HD products containing PHMG were found to be the most commonly used among the confirmed HDLI patients. Three exposed fetuses who never used HD after birth developed lung injuries, indicating a probability of exposure to HD during gestation. All HDLI patients responded that they used HD while sleeping and for longer than 10 hours per day. In conclusion, the development of HDLI was clinically found to be associated with the use of several HD products containing PHMG, PGH and CMIT/MIT.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2020

With the growth of social networks, various forms of SNS have emerged. Based on various motivations for use such as interactivity, information exchange, and entertainment, SNS users are also on the fast-growing trend. Facebook is the main SNS channel, and companies have started using Facebook pages as a public relations channel. To this end, in the early stages of operation, companies began to secure a number of fans, and as a result, the number of corporate Facebook fans has recently increased to as many as millions. from a corporate perspective, Facebook is attracting attention because it makes it easier for you to meet the customers you want. Facebook provides an efficient advertising platform based on the numerous data it has. Advertising targeting can be conducted using their demographic characteristics, behavior, or contact information. It is optimized for advertisements that can expose information to a desired target, so that results can be obtained more effectively. it rethink and communicate corporate brand image to customers through contents. The study was conducted through Facebook advertising data, and could be of great help to business people working in the online advertising industry. For this reason, the independent variables used in the research were selected based on the characteristics of the content that the actual business is concerned with. Recently, the company's Facebook page operation goal is to go beyond securing the number of fan pages, branding to promote its brand, and further aiming to communicate with major customers. the main figures for this assessment are Facebook's 'OK', 'Attachment', 'Share', and 'Number of Click' which are the dependent variables of this study. in order to measure the outcome of the target, the consumer's response is set as a key measurable key performance indicator (KPI), and a strategy is set and executed to achieve this. Here, KPI uses Facebook's ad numbers 'reach', 'exposure', 'like', 'share', 'comment', 'clicks', and 'CPC' depending on the situation. in order to achieve the corresponding figures, the consideration of content production must be prior, and in this study, the independent variables were organized by dividing into three considerations for content production into three. The effects of content material, content structure, and message styles on Facebook's user behavior were analyzed using regression analysis. Content materials are related to the content's difficulty, company relevance, and daily involvement. According to existing research, it was very important how the content would attract users' interest. Content could be divided into informative content and interesting content. Informational content is content related to the brand, and information exchange with users is important. Interesting content is defined as posts that are not related to brands related to interesting movies or anecdotes. Based on this, this study started with the assumption that the difficulty, company relevance, and daily involvement have an effect on the dependent variable. In addition, previous studies have found that content types affect Facebook user activity. I think it depends on the combination of photos and text used in the content. Based on this study, the actual photos were used and the hashtag and independent variables were also examined. Finally, we focused on the advertising message. In the previous studies, the effect of advertising messages on users was different depending on whether they were narrative or non-narrative, and furthermore, the influence on message intimacy was different. In this study, we conducted research on the behavior that Facebook users' behavior would be different depending on the language and formality. For dependent variables, 'OK' and 'Full Click Count' are set by every user's action on the content. In this study, we defined each independent variable in the existing study literature and analyzed the effect on the dependent variable, and found that 'good' factors such as 'self association', 'actual use', and 'hidden' are important. Could. Material difficulties', 'actual participation' and 'large scale * difficulties'. In addition, variables such as 'Self Connect', 'Actual Engagement' and 'Sexual Sexual Attention' have been shown to have a significant impact on 'Full Click'. It is expected that through research results, it is possible to contribute to the operation and production strategy of company Facebook operators and content creators by presenting a content strategy optimized for the purpose of the content. In this study, we defined each independent variable in the existing research literature and analyzed its effect on the dependent variable, and we could see that factors on 'good' were significant such as 'self-association', 'reality use', 'concernal material difficulty', 'real-life involvement' and 'massive*difficulty'. In addition, variables such as 'self-connection', 'real-life involvement' and 'formative*attention' were shown to have significant effects for 'full-click'. Through the research results, it is expected that by presenting an optimized content strategy for content purposes, it can contribute to the operation and production strategy of corporate Facebook operators and content producers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to degradation of three commercial compomers in an alkaline solution. Dyract(Dentsply), Elan(Kerr) and F-2000(3M) polyacid modified resin composites(compomers) were used in this study. The resistance to degradation was evaluated on the basis of mass loss(%), degradation $depth({\mu}m)$ and Si, Al, Ba loss(ppm). The results were as follows : 1. The mass loss of each brand was $1.42%{\sim}2.14%$ and there was no statistically significant difference of mass loss among Dyract, F2000 and Elan. 2. The degradation layer depth of each brand was $182.92{\sim}227.7{\mu}m$ and there was no statistically significant difference of degradation layer depth among Dyract, F2000 and Elan. 3. There was statistically significant differences in Si-loss and Al-loss among three compomers (p<0.05). Si loss was the highest value in Dyract and Al loss was the highest value in F2000. 4. There was statistically significant correlation between mass loss and degradation layer depth (r=0.60, p<0.05). 5. In SEM finding, there was some destruction of compomer matrix-filler interface in post-exposure specimen to NaOH solution. As the matrix decreased, the filler particles distinguished and the periphery of the filler particles appeared whitish color due to degradation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.312-323
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the physiochemical properties, toxicity, and legal regulation of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and/or methylisothiazolinone (MIT), review the health effects caused by exposure to CMIT/MIT, and evaluate the individual association of lung injury with the use of humidifier disinfectants (HD) containing a mixture of CMIT and MIT. Method: A literature review was conducted by searching keywords such as CMIT, MIT, health effect, dermatitis, asthma, and lung injury, either singly or combined. Results: Both CMIT and/or MIT were found to be associated with the development of several types of adverse health effects. In particular, respiratory diseases including asthma, nasal symptoms, cough, and rhinitis were caused by the use of products including CMIT or/and MIT. The mixture of CMIT/MIT has been banned in cosmetics. As of the end of 2017, nine patients who were confirmed to have HD associated lung injury (HDLI) were found to have used only an HD brand containing CMIT and MIT. Their responses regarding the name of the HD used could be trustworthy based on the short duration of HD use (less than six months) before the onset of HDLI and frequent use of HD per day. Conclusion: According to the toxicity and HDLI cases, the use of HD containing CMIT and /or MIT can cause fatal lung injury. Further study with manufacturers' assistance is necessary in order to obtain more clear evidence on the causal relationship since HDLI cases are being reported continuously.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 2016

In South Korea, many cases of humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI) have been reported among people who used humidifier products containing humidifier disinfectant (HD). The objectives of this study are to estimate both airborne HD concentration in the room where HD was used and the amount of humidifier disinfectant absorbed into the respiratory system. Information and data on the HDs were collected using a structured questionnaire and home environmental investigations include the volume of HD (ml) and hours used per day, concentration of disinfectants contained in the HD brand (${\mu}g/ml$), volume of the room ($m^3$), assumed ventilation rate ($m^3/hr$) and breathing rate assumed ($m^3/hr$). We used children aged under five years old as a sample and estimated both airborne HD concentrations and amount of HD absorbed into the respiratory system. The estimated airborne concentration of HD in the room ranged from 68 to $369{\mu}g/m^3$ for PHMG (polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate) and from 16 to $239{\mu}g/m^3$ for PGH (oligo (2-(2-ethoxy) ethoxyethyl guanidine). The amount of HD absorbed in the respiratory system per day was estimated to range from 227 to $1,225{\mu}g$ for PHMG and from 53 to $794{\mu}g$ for PGH. In conclusion, a great amount of HD was likely absorbed into respiratory system, likely beyond the level of the capacity of the immune system to remove the HD absorbed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.370-378
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• 2000

The composite restorative resins have their insufficient resistance to wear. The subsurface degradation within the restoration is considered to be associated with wear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to degradation of six commercial composite resins in an alkaline solution. The brands studied were Clearfil APX(Kuraray), Heliomolar(Vivadent), Surefil(Dentsply), TPH(Dentsply), Tetric Ceram(Vivadent), and Z100(3M). Preweighed discs of each brand were exposed 0.1N NaOH solution at $60^{\circ}C$. After 14 days they were removed, neutralized with HCL, washed with water and dried to constant mass at $60^{\circ}C$. Resistance to degradation was evaluated on the basis of the following parameters: (a) mass loss(%) - determined from pre-and post-exposure specimen weights; (b) Si loss (ppm)-obtained from ICP-AE analysis of solution exposed to specimens; and (c) degradation depth$({\mu}m)$ - measured microscopically (SEM) from polished circular sections of exposed specimens. The results were as follows: 1. The mass loss was in descending order by Z100, TC H, S, CL, TPH and in the range of $0.45\sim3.64%$ 2. The degradation layer depth was in descending order by H, Z100, S, TC, TPH, CL and in the range of $10.85\sim73.38{\mu}m$ 3. For the Si concentration, Z100 was the highest of all 4. The highly significant correlation(r=0.81, p<0.05) was observed between mass loss and degradation depth. 5. Under scanning electronmicroscopy, the degradation of connection between resin matrix and fillers was observed 2 weeks after soaking in NaOH solution.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.303-312
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to activate the study on movercial. To accomplish of this, the objectives of this study are two-fold. First, this study attempts to find out how movercial are interpreted and experienced compared to product placement; and secondly, to delineate experience and interpretation in terms of the themes of movie centrality and consumption-specific relevance. This study attempted qualitative approach comparing to the criteria consisted of the themes of movie centrality and consumption-specific relevance to gain in-depth understanding of how movercial which is popped up and regarded as a newly creative format in the diffusion of internet culture and mobile communication environment is experienced and interpreted. For this aim, the moviegoer informants were classified into frequent and infrequent based on the classification method of previous product placement study of Delorme & Reid(1999) and Focus Group Interviews and In-depth Interviews were executed for understanding of how are experienced. Major implications of this study were as follows. First, prior experience of brand exposure from movercial enhanced familiarity for advertising in real-life. Second, movercial can be used to influential tools for purchasing decision with advertising and product placement. Third, informants experienced uncomfortable feeling of change and discomfort against the format of hybrid commercial message such as movercial and PPL which is penetrating into the culture and art at large.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2024

'K-contents' is in the spotlight worldwide. As the prefix 'K' became popular, interest in K-food(Korean food) also increased. Various studies on K-contents are being conducted, but research on K-food is still very limited. References and articles about K-food are mainly limited to the overseas expansion, marketing status, and sales of domestic brands, and a few research papers deal with only cases of a specific brand's overseas expansion. This paper aims to analyze how K-food is represented in TV unscripted shows and TV series produced in Korea and what their effects are through empirical works. Among the unscripted shows based on food, they are estimated that the point of competitiveness as K contents deal with foreigners' Korean food experiences. Representative examples here are the way foreigners who visit Korea experience Korean food as part of their Korean culture experience, or the type of temporarily setting up a restaurant overseas to sell Korean food to local people. However, the problem with such shows are that it lacks long-term appeal because it is based on the 'Gukbbong(a slang term for 'extreme nationalism')' sentiment. The exposure of K-food in K-contents creates a tremendous advertising effect. It is judged that the current status and analysis of K-contents based on K-food can help establish the direction of future program production and the identity of K-food.