• Title/Summary/Keyword: Brand exposure

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A Strategy for Exposure Assessment of Humidifier Disinfectant Associated to Health Effects (가습기 살균제 건강 피해 조사에서 노출 평가 방법 고찰)

  • Park, Dong-Uk
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The objectives of this study are to describe strategy for exposure assessment of humidifier disinfectant (HD) used in the national program to associate the use of HD with lung injury. Methods: Strategy and method employed to evaluate HD use characteristics were developed to associate health effects including HD associated with lung injury (HDLI). We developed HD-specific questionnaire to assess potential HD exposure, which was consistently used in the national program. Trained environmental health scientists visited the residences of registered subjects and investigated HD use characteristics. Results: Major HD exposure related variables were type of HD brand/s used; HD volume added to the humidifier, frequency of HD addition, and time spent in room/s with the humidifier; duration of HD use in the household in average months/year, weeks/month, and days/week; average sleeping hours in a room with an operating humidifier containing a disinfectant; number of HD brands used and type of HD; average distance of the bed from the humidifier in meters. Conclusions: We concluded that estimated airborne HD concentration was significantly associated with the risk of HDLI.

The survey of the surface doses of the dental x-ray machines (치과 방사선 촬영기의 표면선량 변화)

  • Lee Jae-Seo;Kang Byung-Cheol;Yoon Suk-Ja
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.87-90
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate variability of doses with same exposure parameters and evaluate radiographic density according to the variability of doses. Materials and methods Twenty-eight MAX-GLS (Shinhung Co, Seoul, Korea), twenty-one D-60-5 (DongSeo Med, Seoul, Korea), and eleven REX-601 (Yoshida Dental MFG, Tokyo, Japan) dental x-ray machines were selected for this study Surface doses were measured under selected combinations of tube voltage, tube current, exposure time, and constant distance 42 cm from the focal spot to the surface of the Multi-O-meter (Unfors Instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Radiographic densities were measured on the films at maximum, minimum and mean surface doses of each brand of x-ray units. Results With MAX-GLS, the maximum surface doses were thirteen to fourteen times as much as the minimum surface doses. With D-60-S, the maximum surface doses were three to eight times as much as the minimum surface doses. With REX-601, the maximum surface doses were six to ten times as much as the minimum surface doses. The differences in radiographic densities among maximum, mean, and minimum doses were significant (p<0.01). Conclusion : The surface exposure doses of each x-ray machine at the same exposure parameters were different within the same manufacturer's machines.

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A Study of Creative Strategy of Luxury and Domestic Fashion Advertisement (해외명품광고(海外名品廣告)와 국내(國內)패션광고(廣告)의 크리에이티브 전략(戰略)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Seung-Hee;Yoo, Seon-Ae;Lee, Ju-Yeon
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.113-128
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze advertisements of prestigious products and domestic fashion brands through fashion magazines. Especially, a comparative analysis of creative advertising strategies of prestigious products and fashion brands will be vital in establishing advertising strategies and marketing planning of domestic fashion brands. This study targeted and analyzed all the advertisements of prestigious fashion products and domestic career women's high-end casual brands printed in VOGUE KOREA and ELLE KOREA in 2005 and 2006. Descriptive statistics and x2-test were used. As a result of the analysis, prestigious product advertisements accounted for 197 (57.9%), and domestic fashion 143 (42.1%) out of a total of 764. Except for duplicates, the 340 advertisements analyzed, were selected for this study. Luxury fashion brand advertising accounted for more than domestic fashion brands in the magazines studied. That is luxury fashion brands have greater exposure to consumers. Based on the results drawn in this study for fashion products, various and unique advertising strategies utilizing visual factors that most effectively delivered to consumers are imminently needed as creative strategy measures in domestic fashion advertising.

The Effect of Price Promotional Information about Brand on Consumer's Quality Perception: Conditioning on Pretrial Brand (품패개격촉소신식대소비자질량인지적영향(品牌价格促销信息对消费者质量认知的影响))

  • Lee, Min-Hoon;Lim, Hang-Seop
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2009
  • Price promotion typically reduces the price for a given quantity or increases the quantity available at the same price, thereby enhancing value and creating an economic incentive to purchase. It often is used to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of price promotions on quality perception made by consumer who do not have prior experience with the promoted brand. However, if consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior brand quality, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. More specifically, low qualitative perception through price promotion will undercut the economic and psychological incentives and reduce the likelihood of purchase. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. Previous literatures on the effects of price promotions on quality perception reveal inconsistent explanations. Some focused on the unfavorable effect of price promotion on consumer's perception. But others showed that price promotions didn't raise unfavorable perception on the brand. Prior researches found these inconsistent results related to the timing of the price promotion's exposure and quality evaluation relative to trial. And, whether the consumer has been experienced with the product promotions in the past or not may moderate the effects. A few studies considered differences among product categories as fundamental factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of price promotional informations on consumer's unfavorable quality perception under the different conditions. The author controlled the timing of the promotional exposure and varied past promotional patterns and information presenting patterns. Unlike previous researches, the author examined the effects of price promotions setting limit to pretrial situation by controlling potentially moderating effects of prior personal experience with the brand. This manipulations enable to resolve possible controversies in relation to this issue. And this manipulation is meaningful for the work sector. Price promotion is not only used to target existing consumers but also to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. If consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior quality about unused brand, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. In addition, if the price promotion ends, the consumer that have purchased that certain brand will likely to display sharply decreased repurchasing behavior. Through a literature review, hypothesis 1 was set as follows to investigate the adjustive effect of past price promotion on quality perception made by consumers; The influence that price promotion of unused brand have on quality perception made by consumers will be adjusted by past price promotion activity of the brand. In other words, a price promotion of an unused brand that have not done a price promotion in the past will have a unfavorable effect on quality perception made by consumer. Hypothesis 2-1 was set as follows : When an unused brand undertakes price promotion for the first time, the information presenting pattern of price promotion will have an effect on the consumer's attribution for the cause of the price promotion. Hypothesis 2-2 was set as follows : The more consumer dispositionally attribute the cause of price promotion, the more unfavorable the quality perception made by consumer will be. Through test 1, the subjects were given a brief explanation of the product and the brand before they were provided with a $2{\times}2$ factorial design that has 4 patterns of price promotion (presence or absence of past price promotion * presence or absence of current price promotion) and the explanation describing the price promotion pattern of each cell. Then the perceived quality of imaginary brand WAVEX was evaluated in the scale of 7. The reason tennis racket was chosen is because the selected product group must have had almost no past price promotions to eliminate the influence of average frequency of promotion on the value of price promotional information as Raghubir and Corfman (1999) pointed out. Test 2 was also carried out on students of the same management faculty of test 1 with tennis racket as the product group. As with test 1, subjects with average familiarity for the product group and low familiarity for the brand was selected. Each subjects were assigned to one of the two cells representing two different information presenting patterns of price promotion of WAVEX (case where the reason behind price promotion was provided/case where the reason behind price promotion was not provided). Subjects looked at each promotional information before evaluating the perceived quality of the brand WAVEX in the scale of 7. The effect of price promotion for unfamiliar pretrial brand on consumer's perceived quality was proved to be moderated with the presence or absence of past price promotion. The consistency with past promotional behavior is important variable that makes unfavorable effect on brand evaluations get worse. If the price promotion for the brand has never been carried out before, price promotion activity may have more unfavorable effects on consumer's quality perception. Second, when the price promotion of unfamiliar pretrial brand was executed for the first time, presenting method of informations has impact on consumer's attribution for the cause of firm's promotion. And the unfavorable effect of quality perception is higher when the consumer does dispositional attribution comparing with situational attribution. Unlike the previous studies where the main focus was the absence or presence of favorable or unfavorable motivation from situational/dispositional attribution, the focus of this study was exaus ing the fact that a situational attribution can be inferred even if the consumer employs a dispositional attribution on the price promotional behavior, if the company provides a persuasive reason. Such approach, in academic perspectih sis a large significance in that it explained the anchoring and adjng ch approcedures by applying it to a non-mathematical problem unlike the previous studies where it wis ionaly explained by applying it to a mathematical problem. In other wordn, there is a highrspedency tmatispositionally attribute other's behaviors according to the fuedach aal attribution errors and when this is applied to the situation of price promotions, we can infer that consumers are likely tmatispositionally attribute the company's price promotion behaviors. Ha ever, even ueder these circumstances, the company can adjng the consumer's anchoring tmareduce the po wibiliute thdispositional attribution. Furthermore, unlike majority of previous researches on short/long-term effects of price promotion that only considered the effect of price promotions on consumer's purchasing behaviors, this research measured the effect on perceived quality, one of man elements that affects the purchasing behavior of consumers. These results carry useful implications for the work sector. A guideline of effectively providing promotional informations for a new brand can be suggested through the outcomes of this research. If the brand is to avoid false implications such as inferior quality while implementing a price promotion strategy, it must provide a clear and acceptable reasons behind the promotion. Especially it is more important for the company with no past price promotion to provide a clear reason. An inconsistent behavior can be the cause of consumer's distrust and anxiety. This is also one of the most important factor of risk of endless price wars. Price promotions without prior notice can buy doubt from consumers not market share.

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The Impact of Global Content Experiences through OTT on Global Orientation and Global Brand Attitude (OTT를 통한 글로벌 콘텐츠 경험이 글로벌 지향성 및 글로벌 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kisuk Hong;ByoungJo Kim
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.1031-1038
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    • 2023
  • In recent years, the rapid proliferation of domestic and global Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms, in conjunction with the global pandemic, has substantially enhanced the accessibility of global contents. This trend is expected to continue to strengthen. This study examines the extent to which domestic consumers experience global contents through OTT platforms and its impact on individual consumers' global identity and the formation of global brand attitudes. We conducted an empirical analysis based on a survey of university students, who constitute the main consumer group for global contents through OTT platforms. The results show that as exposure to global content s and diversity of those experiences through OTT increase, respondents exhibit higher levels of global consumer orientation and global identity. This, in turn, has a positive influence on the formation of global brand attitudes.

Symbolic Interaction and Consumer products by mass media (미디어매체에 의한 제품과 상징의 상호작용에 관한 분석)

  • Song, Gyeong-Seok
    • 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.505-516
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    • 2005
  • According to Mead's (1934) symbolic interaction theory, social roles are learned through interaction and experiences in everyday life. Over time, these rules of behavior become internalized and serve to structure one's actions accordingly. Ultimately, these rules provide us with a powerful means of controlling our actions, and in time, they define our identity. Transforming the socialization process is one's conscious interpretation of stimuli through the use of symbols. Furthermore, society's perceptual processes can be shaped by the symbols we learn. The meaning of symbols can be learned from a variety of social influences, one of which may be mediated messages and advertising. This paper attempts to establish a link between media exposure and one's perception of social reality regarding character judgments made of unknown others based on the target's product or brand usage. Using magazine advertisements for fictitious products, the experiment herein seeks to establish two fundamental goals: 1) to determine if perceptions can be manipulated via association with companion symbolic elements: and 2) to detect whether television exposure is a moderating factor. Respondents were asked their perceptions of both product quality and of product users.

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The Study of Body Characteristics and Fashion in Fragrance Advertising (향수 광고에서 보여지는 신체 이미지 및 패션 연구)

  • 권기영
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.41 no.11
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate ideal body image and clothing style through the analysis of models portrayed in fragrance advertisement that is the representative goods showing the fashion brand image. For this study, 120 perfume advertisements appeared in GQ and Vogue magazines issued in 2002 were selected. The models' characteristics portrayed in advertisement are categorized with role relationship, race, body exposure and clothing styles. The results are as follows. 1. Fragrance advertisements most commonly depict a single model portraying narcissism, and later then most common are advertisements both male and female model in a sexual relationship. 2. The analysis of models' race shows racism toward Asian models and Afro- American models. White models are main characters in fragrance advertisements more often than other races, and in mixed-ethnic ads, whites typically outnumbered minorities. This shows currently aesthetic stereotypes, that is, white ideology still exists. 3. The results of models' body exposure are showing nudism with partially clad or nude. This shows the eroticism of male and female. 4. The highest portion of clothing style appeared in fragrance advertisement were casual wear for male model and dressy formal wear for female models, which respects current fashion trends.

How community-specific sponsorship of a traditional market creates brand equity: The interdependent relationship between POSCO and the Jukdo Market (전통시장에 대한 기업의 지역사회 특화 스폰서십이 브랜드 자산에 미치는 영향: 포스코와 포항 죽도시장의 협력사례를 중심으로)

  • Rha, Hye-Su;Lee, Kwang-Keun
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2011
  • The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was first introduced sixty years ago in the academic field. However, the phrase CSR was not explicitly stated before the 1990s in Korean business and academic researches. Recently CSR is more considered a corporate strategy than a philanthropic donation. CSR comprises contributions to local communities as well as using environmentally beneficial and humane practices. Sponsoring is one available marketing tactic used in order to communicate with the market. This study of sponsorship has concentrated on developing brand asset by accessing potential values of sporting events or star-players. However, sponsorship includes providing funds or goods to non-profit institutions as well as sports or entertainment organizations. Accordingly corporate community-specific sponsorship is defined as firms offering to provide money, goods and/or services to individuals and/or institutions within a particular community, thus establishing an interdependent relationship between the partners aspiring to gain social and economic assets. National sponsorship is typically targeted toward commonly recognized individuals and/or organizations with the intent to maximize exposure of a sponsor's brand, and is known to positively affect brand equity(community-specific sponsorship is committed to a limited local area) that a firm could benefit from by gaining a specific asset. POSCO sponsors the Jukdo Market, locate dinthe city of Pohang, tohelp revive their traditional market. Inreturn, the Jukdo Market merchant suni on display sflags with the POSCO embleminfrontof stores with in the market intending to make shopper sand merchant saware of POSCO's sponsorship. POSCO has succeeded in acquiring public support from the citizens of Pohang. However, the economic effects resulting from the cooperative relationship between POSCO and the Jukdo Market have yet to be measured by any empirical research. The purpose of this study is to assess the economic effects created by the community-specific sponsorship from the groups of merchants and shoppers, measuring its influence on the corporate image and subsequent brand loyalty, as parts of brand equity. The result of the study shows that the community-specific sponsorship of POSCO of the Jukdo Market had different influences on its corporate image and the brand loyalty of shoppers and merchants. First, the merchant group who was more frequently exposed to POSCO's flag recognized the sponsorship of POSCO more than the shopper group, and, therefore, had a better image of the company. Second, the recognition of POSCO's sponsorship had a positive influence on its corporate image, and that positive corporate image had a positive effect on brand loyalty development. However, the recognition of the sponsorship did not have a direct influence on brand loyalty. The friendly corporate image developed by the recognition of the sponsorship consequently could have had an effect on brand loyalty. Therefore, companies should not relinquish investments to corporate image development if they require more brand loyalty. Third, the influence of corporate image on brand loyalty shows stronger results in the shopper group rather than in the merchant group. Psycho-graphic factors of shoppers and merchants might give rise to the difference between the two groups.

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Contextual Appropriateness of Commercial Beverages According to Product Information Exposure (정보 노출에 따른 시판 음료의 상황별 적합성)

  • Kim, Hyun-Kyung;Jeon, Seon-Young;Kim, Kwang-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.463-472
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    • 2013
  • Beverages can vary in their appropriateness depending on the context of their different uses; therefore, an intention to consume a beverage is likely dependent on the context of its use. This study associated the consumer acceptability of commercial beverage products examined in a previous study (Kim and others, 2013) with its appropriateness under different use contexts. Consumers (n=360) were divided into two conditions: blind and brand. Consumers rated appropriateness for 13 use contexts for each beverage product. The results indicated that the contextual appropriateness were significantly different among the beverage samples and seemed to be positively influenced by the acceptability of beverages. The beverages with higher liking scores were more appropriate in a greater number of contexts, including "when tired", "refreshing", and "rest". However, there were inappropriate contexts (e.g., "while weight watching", "after exercise", "with a meal", and "health care") regardless of degree of acceptability. In the brand condition, some differences in contextual appropriateness were observed when comparing results from the blind condition (e.g., "with a meal", "health care").

Determinants of Revisit Intention Among Indonesian Beauty Clinic Customers in Distribution Beauty Clinic Market: The Mediating Role of Trust

  • Anas HIDAYAT;Binarinta Tirto ANDIKA;Sri Rejeki EKASASI
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study aimsto assert trust as an important mediator in the service business. The research topic relatesto service businesses that have low exposure to comparative information and weak consumer positions in terms of law, such as the beauty clinic businesses in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses explanatory and purposive sampling. A survey was conducted among 268 Indonesians, collected by distribution via Google Forms. The hypotheses were tested using AMOS software. Results: The results indicate that trust did not have a significant role in mediating brand awareness, service quality, and price perception on revisit intention, but only mediated satisfaction. Furthermore, this study discloses the neutralization attitude and dissonance behavior represented by trust mediation. Conclusions: These findings attempt to expand the literature on the role of trust in the service business. However, the beauty clinic businessin Indonesia infers misbehavior. Misbehavior is caused by vulnerable conditionsin which consumers are unable to share their experiences with other consumers. The reason is that the defamation law in Indonesia is often implemented in the wrong direction. This must be corrected so that consumers obtain their rights and create a mutually beneficial relationship between beauty businesses and consumers.