• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.166-182
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• 2016

This study intended to verify the impact of non-verbal communication of servers in the service industry on the affective path among customer's positive emotion, self-identification, and loyalty(behavioral and attitudinal loyalty). The data of 397 customers of typical fast food restaurants in Busan and Gyeongsangbuk-do area were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS, and the hypotheses were verified through structural equation model after frequency analysis, as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. According to the empirical analysis, all three components of server non-verbal communication in the service industry, body language, pseudo language, and body appearance, in respective order, had positive (+) influences on the positive emotion of customers. In addition, customer emotion had a positive (+) influence on brand self-identification. Finally, self-identification had a positive (+) influence on behavior loyalty and attitudinal loyalty. This study suggested practical implications and logical implications in the course of developing emotional loyalty for restaurant companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.439-451
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• 2013

This study used Chinese female college students as subjects to classify the components of the Korean national image as well as understand the recognition difference of country image factors and Korean fashion images; in addition, it examined the differences of the effect of Korean national image factors on the Korean fashion attitudes of Chinese female college students. A SPSS 18.0 statistic program with factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, paired t-test, multiple regression analysis, frequency analysis and ${\chi}^2$-test was used. The results are: First, it was shown that there are six factors: culture-society, economy, products, sports, politics, and technology. Second, the recognition difference on the six factors were significantly higher for products, politics, technology, economy, culture-society, and sports, respectively. Third, the difference of Korean fashion images showed that they recognize design uniqueness and diversity to choose styles preferentially. Fourth, the purchase intention was significant in the order of culture-society, products, politics, and sports, and recognition affects culture-society, sports, and products, respectively. Fifth, they prefer THE E-LAND GROUP, Beaucre Merchandising, and The Basic House the most and show a strong purchase intention. The analysis also showed that other various brands that are also recognized. These study results can provide Korean fashion companies with useful implications for marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

In this study, we have investigated the natural and puffing combustibility of cigarette brands and the compulsory ash-drop, and analysed factors related to the materials. Cigarette combustibility was greatly affected by the tobacco weight in cigarettes rod. Combustion rate of 4AOR cigarette made by flue-cured tobacco was 5.02 $^{mm}/_{min}\;and\;10\%$ faster than 1BO cigarette. Combustion pattern has interrelation with sugars, chlorine and ash contents among tobacco components. Combustion rate of 4DL, flue-cured tobacco was 55 seconds faster than 1CL tobacco extremely much in sugars contents, and ash drop was maintained at $21\%$ longer. Combustion time and burning rate were fast in cigarette made by expanded tobacco slice and tobacco stem and the formation of ash was poor. The length of puffed ash drop of expanded tobacco slice and tobacco stem were 18.6 mm and 25.2 mm and these forced ash drop length were 3.8 mm and 4.9 mm respectively. Puffed burning rate of general cigarette was $14.3\%$ faster than static burning rate and super slim type cigarettes was $21.3\%$ faster. Combustion rate and ash drop of domestic and foreign cigarette brands were quite different depending on tar level and cigarette types. The lower tar level, the faster combustion rate and the shorter ash drop.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

Purpose: Recently, Korean cosmetics distribution market has been reorganized with the H&B store. In the domestic cosmetics distribution market, existing brand road shops are decreasing, and multi-shops are leading the H & B stores, which have greatly improved their experience and content. In these environmental changes, the offline distribution channels are turning into the multi-editing shops that have introduced products of various brands and greatly enhanced experiences and contents. Nevertheless, most studies of factors and measurement items for measuring customer experience in the H&B store use Schmitt (1999)'s Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a measure that is practicable through consideration of the in-store customer experience components of the H&B store. Research design, data and methodology: Based on Schmitt's Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs), which are widely used in customer experience marketing, the metric pool was constructed through customer and literature research on H & B store managers. Since then, 101 preliminary surveys and 211 main surveys have been conducted in order to propose a dimension of customer experience and refine the metrics. Results: As a result of the research, H&B store's customer experience was derived from a measurement model consisting of 19 measurement items in total of five dimensions: environmental experience, intellectual experience, behavioral experience, tech experience, and relationship experience. This study analyzed that compared to the existing Schmitt's Strategic Experience Modules (SEMs), (1) emotional experience expanded to environmental experience, (2) Cognitive and relationship experiences are maintained (3) behavioral experience was subdivided into physical and technical experiences. In particular, the environmental experience has been proposed as a major component is an important point because the H&B store recently opened a large flagship store and is competitive in constructing a differentiated space. Conclusions: Related experience was seen as an important component of customer experience in the offline store, but in the process of refining the scale, interaction items with employees of the H&B store were removed, and rather, participation in the APP or SNS channel of the company, event Participation, interaction with other customers, etc. appear to be important, while suggesting the practical implications.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-447
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• 2017

This study reveals the components of college women's shopping orientations and compares the attributes of shoes accordingly. This study attempts to investigate the needs of consumers in the target market of young women by comparing the importance of shoe attributes with their shopping orientations and to provide basic data for efficient marketing strategies which could increase sales. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey. Of a total of 330 questionnaires, 319 were used for statistical analysis. The survey was carried out from July to August 2016. The 17 shopping orientation-related questions and 13 questions about shoe purchase attributes were measured using a five-point Likert Scale. SPSS 23 was used to carry out: descriptives, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test. Shopping orientations were divided between brand orientation, pleasure orientation, trend orientation and utilitarian orientation. Shoe attributes were categorized into ostentation value, product value, economic value and aesthetic value. College women were divided into the following groups: active shopping, passive shopping, rational shopping and conforming shopping. According to the comparison of the importance of shoe attributes by consumer type among college women, a significant difference by group was found in ostentation value and aesthetic value only. Furthermore, the average scores on the importance of product value and economic value were very high without significant differences between groups. The study results would be available as basic data to help improving the visual image of shoes and product quality for brands targeting young women in the fashion industry.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 2010

This research was focused on observing the effect of Makgeolli's selection attributes on customer satisfaction, recommendation intention, and repurchase intention. The purpose of this study was to examine to present a marketing-related suggestion by finding the components that needs to be discussed in order to satisfy the customer and lead to positive word of mouth and repurchasing in the perspective of a corporation. The evidence to achieve the research purpose can be summarized as below. To begin with, the causes of Makgeolli's selection attributes were classified into 9 types, which are design and ad image, expertise and tradition, drinking experience and in harmony with food, taste and freshness, materials and origin, brand image, flavor and color, alcoholic and nutrition, and finally price and recommendation. And it showed up that the average importance of the taste and freshness is the highest. Moreover, the study on the Makgeolli's state of being potable showed up that the drinking number was no more than once a month, and one drink was almost all less than a bottle. The drinking place was usually tavern, and word of mouth was the most often used information medium that contacted Makgeolli. The potential of the Makgeolli's globalization is 80.6% which added positive and very positive, that enables us to infer that the Makgeolli's global dependency is very high. Third, from the 9 types of classification mentioned before, taste and freshness, and price and recommendation were proved to be influential in satisfaction, and recommendation is affecting the repurchase intention and the recommendation intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2011

For the safety management of tunnel, effective measurements should be continuously carried out. Most of sensors currently being applied for tunnels measure only the local status, thus many of them are needed to monitor an entire tunnel. For the railway tunnel where trains of same conditions are regularly operated, dynamic responses of tunnel structure to train operations can be a good index to estimate the deformation of tunnel structure in wide area. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic interference caused by overhead centenary in railway tunnel obstructs the use of electric-based sensors. In this study a brand new accelerometer using FBG optical fiber sensors is developed to solve these problems. Sensitivity and capacity of the accelerometer are enhanced with effective structural design of its components and verified with laboratory tests. A case history where the developed accelerometers were applied to a safety monitoring system of a high-speed train tunnel is presented. The performances of the developed accelerometers are validated from the measured acceleration data.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2017

Background: Asian ginseng and American ginseng are functional foods that share a close genetic relationship and are well-known worldwide. This article aims to investigate the correlation between morphological characteristics and the inherent quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Methods: In this study, an ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS) method was established for the quantitative analysis of 45 ginseng samples. The method developed for determination was precise and accurate. Results: The results showed that Asian ginseng samples with the same growing time (with the same or similar number of stem scars) that had a thinner main root, a longer rhizome and more branch roots contained greater amounts of ginsenosides. For American ginseng, two tendencies were observed in the relationship between the diameter of the main root and contents of ginsenosides. One tendency was that samples with thinner main roots tended to contain higher levels of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-shen. Another tendency was that samples with thicker main roots contained higher contents of ginsenosides, which was observed in the samples sold under the commercial name pao-mian, as well as in samples of American ginseng cultivated in Jilin, China. Conclusion: An approach using ultra-HPLC-quadrupole/time-of-flight MS was successfully established to link morphology and active components for evaluating the quality of Asian and American ginsengs. Clear correlation between visible morphological features and quality of Asian and American ginsengs was found. People can see the difference; this means consumers and vendors can evaluate ginseng by themselves.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 1994

Qualitative and quantitative analysis for the anionic surfactants used in the metal washing fluid (brand names are BFA and BCA) was performed by the capillary electrophoresis. Acetonitrile and sodium benzoate were mixed with the buffer solution which controlled at pH 10. Under the 18kV applied voltage, the electropherograms have shown the theoretical plates more than $10^4$. Determined as the concentration at the S/N~3, the typical detection limit was ~5 ppm and the calibration curves have shown the correlation coefficients higher than ~0.99. Based on these results, it was concluded that each components were octanoate, decanoate, dodecanoate, tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate and the relative ratio was 1.0 : 1.0 : 6.5 : 2.1 : 0.8 for the BFA.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.219-236
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• 2012

It is well known that records management is closely related to democracy, and the records management 'innovation' in Korea did also aim to reach democratic 'accountability' and 'governance'. Likewise, the first reason this article deals with the establishment of archival community in the East Asia is to help promote democracy and form a co-operative relations in the region through records management. Secondly, the distorted view of history easily found in the history textbooks of each countries should be corrected for the 21st East Asia in peace. Records and memories in the past are main components for the present and the future. A great many records to solve the disputes over history still remains inaccessible at large in the archives of the East Asia. A coming archival community will endeavor to disclose and share the historical records for harmonious awareness of history. Cooperation and solidarity within archival community in the East Asia featuring democratic accountability, governance and more records disclosure can be a brand-new start for peace and 'better' democracy in his region.