• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.42.1-42.11
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human whole-blood clotting kinetics, the structure of the blood clots formed, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release. Materials and Methods: Human whole blood was collected from 5 healthy volunteers and divided into 4 groups: CG (control, 0.5 mL of blood), BN_0.5 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 0.5% NaOCl), BN₃ (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 3% NaOCl), and BN_5.25 (0.5 mL of blood with 0.5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl). The effects of NaOCl on clotting kinetics, structure of fibrin and cells, and release of TGF-β1 were assessed using thromboelastography (TEG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and enzyme-linked immunosobent assay, respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, followed by the post hoc Dunn test. A p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: The blood samples in BN_0.5 and BN₃ did not clot, whereas the TEG of BN_5.25 showed altered clot formation. Samples from the CG and BN₃ groups could only be processed with SEM, which showed that the latter lacked fibrin formation and branching of fibers, as well as clumping of red blood cells with surface roughening and distortion. TGF-β1 release was significantly highest in BN₃ when all groups were compared to CG (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Each concentration of NaOCl affected the release of TGF-β1 from blood clots and altered the clotting mechanism of blood by affecting clotting kinetics and cell structure.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2001

본 연구는 토양 산성화 정도가 서로 다른 독일가문비나무 임분에서 토양 깊이에 따른 뿌리의 나이테 발달과 분지형태를 분석함으로서, 임분에 따른 뿌리발달을 비교하고자 하였다. 조사된 독일가문비나무 임분에서 뿌리분지구조는 변형된 뿌리와 변형되지 않은 뿌리에 대한 조사임분간의 통계적 유의성이 인정되지 않았지만, 가장 많이 산성화된 Weidenbrunnen 임분에서는 뿌리가 상해를 입음으로 인해 발생되는 포크형, 권총형, 쇠스랑형과 같은 비정상적인 분지구조가 많이 나타났다. 뿌리의 나이테 분석 결과, 수평뿌리의 연평균 길이생장은 Weidenbrunnen 임분과 Barbis 임분이 6.3cm, Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분이 9.5cm의 길이 생장을 나타내었으며, 수직뿌리의 연평균 길이생장은 Weidenbrunnen 임분이 4.4cm Barbis 임분이 5.4cm, 그리고 Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분이 6.7cm의 생장을 보였다. 80cm 토양 깊이에서의 뿌리 횡단면 분포는 Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분이 굵은 뿌리와 가는 뿌리가 고르게 분포하고 있으며, 횡단면의 합계는 $32.6cm^2$ 이었다. Barbis 임분에서는 굵은 뿌리가 가운데 몰려서 분포하고, 가는 뿌리는 비교적 적게 나타났으며, 그 합계는 $29.2cm^2$이었다. Weidenbrunnen 임분에서는 적은 수의 가는 뿌리만 분포하고 그 값은 $10.9cm^2$에 불과하였다. 뿌리고정계수는 Eberg$\ddot{o}$tzen 임분이 1.04로 다른 두 임분 Barbis(0.3), Weidenbrunnen (0.08)과 비교하여 매우 높은 값을 나타내었다. 본 조사 독일가문비나무 임분 중에서 Weidenbrunnen 임분에서 나타난 비정상적인 형태의 변형된 분지구조와 뿌리의 저조한 생장은 토양산 성화 등으로 인하여 정상적인 뿌리가 생장의 장애를 받아 나타난 결과 때문이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2003

The null pigmentation mutant (npgA1) of Aspergillus nidulans was previously characterized by its production of no pigment at any stage of its life cycle, its reduction in hyphal branching, and its delay in the asexual spore development. The chemical composition of the cell wall was also altered in npgA1 mutants that became more sensitive to Novozyme 234$\^$TM/, which is possibly due to a structural defect in the cell wall. To investigate the effects of the cell wall structure on these pleiomorphic phenomena, we examined the ultrastructure of the cell wall in the npgA1 mutant (WX17). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed that after being cultured for six days, the outermost layer of the conidial wall of WX17 peeled off. Although this phenotype suggested that the cell wall structure in WX17 may be modified, examination using TEM of the fine structure of cross-sectioned hyphal wall of WX17 did not show any differences from that of FGSC4. However, staining for carbohydrates of wall layers showed that the electron-translucent layer of the cell wall was missing in WX17. In addition, the outermost layer H1 of the hyphal wall was also absent in WX17. The ultrastructural observation and cytochemical analysis of cell walls suggested that the pigmentation defect in WX17 may be attributed to the lack of a layer in the cell wall.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.876-881
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• 1997

쌀 전분을 1 N 염산용액으로 가수분해하였을 때 가수분해율은 1시간에 0.31%, 3시간에 0.39%, 12시간에 0.7%, 72시간 후에 4.7%이었다. 전분은 산에 의하여 ${\alpha}-1,4$ 결합과 ${\alpha}-1,6$ 결합이 모두 분해되었는데, 산처리 전분의 요드 반응과 분자량 분포로 보아, 산처리 3시간까지는 ${\alpha}-1,6$ 결합이 분해되었으며, 그 이후부터는 ${\alpha}-1,4$ 결합도 분해되기 시작하였다. 산처리 전분겔 (50%)의 초기 노화도는 산가수분해 정도와 정의 상관 관계를 보였고, 산에 의한 아밀로펙틴의 ${\alpha}-1,6$ 결합의 분해는 노화를 촉진 시켰다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 1990

We present the cytologic features of a case of solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. Cytologically, the tumor was composed of a monotonous population of polygonal cells containing eccentrically located round nuclei with one or two distinct small nucleoli and a finely stippled chromatin pattern. The tumor cells were similar to those of the islet cell tumor and showed isolated loosely aggregated and solid sheets or large cell clumps. The large cell clumps revealed a branching papillary structure containing fibrovascular central core, which is characteristic histologic feature of solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. This case was confirmed by tissue examination including histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained a few membrane- bound electron dense granules.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2002

$\beta$-l, 3-glucans are well known to enhance the immune reactions, resulting in antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, anticoagulatory and wound healing activities. $\beta$-1, 3-glucans have various activities depending on molecular weight, degree of branching, conformation, water-solubility and intermolecular association. However, the $\beta$-1, 3-glucans linked backbone structure is essential and $\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl units are required for immunopotentiating activities. In this study, we tested the immunophamacological activities of insoluble $\beta$-1, 3-glucan from Agrobacterium sp. R259 KCTC 10197BP and confirmed the following activities: (1) IFN-${\gamma}$ production in PBMCs in the presence or in the absence of PHA, LPS, IL-18, and IL-12; (2) the induction of various cytokines in the spleen and thymus; (3) the adjuvant effect on the antibody production; (4) the cytotoxic and antitumor effects on cell lines and ICR mice. These results strongly suggest that $\beta$-1, 3-glucan from Agrobacterium sp. R259 KCTC 10197BP possesses various immunopharmacologica1 activities.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1995

Thin films of Pb(Mg, Zn)1/3Nb2/3O3 were fabricated by spin coating the Pb-Mg-Zn-Nb-O complex alkoxide sols on(111) Pt-coated MgO (100) planes. It was observed that the content of H2O and the rheological characteristics of sol greatly influenced the orientation of perovskite grains after thin-film formation. A strong preferential orientation of (100)-type planes of the perovskite grains was obtained for the sol aged for 15 days with the molar ratio of H2O to total metal alkoxides=2. As small angle X-ray scattering experiment in the Porod region was performed to correlate the observed preferential orientation with the network structure of precursors at various stage of aging. It was shown that the degree of branching of the Pb-Mg-Zn-Nb-O precursor chain had a direct effect on the preferred oreintation, and weakly branched precursor systems led to highly oriented grains after thin-film formation.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.545-549
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• 2003

After irradiation of a cloned dextransucrase gene (dsrB742) with ultrasoft X-ray, an E. coli transformant (pDSRB742CK) was first developed for the expression of an extracellular dextransucrase, having increased activity and the synthesis of a highly branched dextran. Seven nucleotides of the parent gene (dsrB742) were changed in the nucleotide sequences of dsrB742ck. Among them, four nucleotides were changed at the ORF of dsrB742, resulting in a 30 amino acids deletion in the N-terminal of DSRB742 dextransucrase. The activity of DSRB742CK dextransucrase in culture supernatant was approximately 2.6 times higher (0.035 IU/ml) than that of the DSRB742 clone. The pDSRB742CK clone produced DSRB742CK dextransucrase when grown both on a sucrose medium (inducibly) and on a glucose medium (constitutively). The DSRB742 clone did not produce dextran constitutively on a glucose medium. DSRB742CK dextran had 15.6% branching and 2.7-times higher resistance to dextranase hydrolysis compared to DSRB742 dextran. $^{13}C-NMR$ showed that DSRB742CK dextran contained ${\alpha}-(1{\rightarrow}3)$ branch linkages that were not present in DSRB742 dextran.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2013

Ultrastructural characteristics of the germ cells and accessory cells in testis during spermatogenesis and taxonomic values of mature sperm morphology of Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated by the transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope observations. The testis is the diffuse organ that consists of branching acini containing developing germ cells and accessory cells associated with spermatogenesis. The morphology of the spermatozoon is of the primitive type and is somewhat different to those of other bivalves. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species have a cylinderical type and a modified cone shape, respectively. As some ultrastructural characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle, the peripheral parts of two basal rings show electron opaque part, while the apex part of the acrosome shows electron lucent part. These characteristics of sperm belong to the family Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta, unlike a characteristic of the subclass Pteriomorphia showing all part of the acrosome being composed of electron opaque part. In particular, a cylinder-like nucleus of the sperm is curved. The spermatozoon is approximately $48-51{\mu}m$ in length, including a long acrosome (about $2.4{\mu}m$ in length), a curved sperm nucleus (about $3.40{\mu}m$ in length), and a tail flagellum. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2009

In a given text T of size n, we need to search for the information that we are interested. In order to support fast searching, an index must be constructed by preprocessing the text. Suffix array is a kind of index data structure. The compressed suffix array (CSA) is one of the compressed indices based on the regularity of the suffix array, and can be compressed to the $k^{th}$ order empirical entropy. In this paper we improve the lookup time complexity of the compressed suffix array by using the multi-ary wavelet tree at the cost of more space. In our implementation, the lookup time complexity of the compressed suffix array is O(${\log}_{\sigma}^{\varepsilon/(1-{\varepsilon})}\;n\;{\log}_r\;\sigma$), and the space of the compressed suffix array is ${\varepsilon}^{-1}\;nH_k(T)+O(n\;{\log}\;{\log}\;n/{\log}^{\varepsilon}_{\sigma}\;n)$ bits, where a is the size of alphabet, $H_k$ is the kth order empirical entropy r is the branching factor of the multi-ary wavelet tree such that $2{\leq}r{\leq}\sqrt{n}$ and $r{\leq}O({\log}^{1-{\varepsilon}}_{\sigma}\;n)$ and 0 < $\varepsilon$ < 1/2 is a constant.