• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 1993

In order to determine the optimum planting density of Job's Tear, We investigatedagronomic characters, yield components and yields by using Ewon and Heuksuk cultivar. The characters, plant height, stem diameter, number of stems per $m^2$ and number of leaves per $m^2$, etc., were excellent in $60{\times}15cm$ planting space for the Ewon and Heuksuk local cultivar. Both the weight of 100 grains and that of 1 liter also higher for the Ewon local cultivar, and yield of stem and seed were the most excellent in $60{\times}15cm$ planting space for the Ewon and Heuksuk local cultivar. For the Ewon and Heuksuk, the analysis of variance for agronomic characters following the difference of planting density were acknowledged to be worth of attention.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.510-515
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• 2006

The putative EPA synthesis gene cluster was mined from the entire genome sequence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The gene cluster encodes a PKS-like pathway that consists of six open reading frames (ORFs): ORFSO1602 (multi-domain beta-ketoacyl synthase, KS-MAT-4ACPs-KR), ORFSO1600 (acyl transferase, AT), ORFSO1599 (multi-domain beta-ketoacyl synthase, KS-CLF-DH-DH), ORFSO1597 (enoyl reductase, ER), ORFSO1604 (phosphopentetheine transferase, PPT), and ORFSO1603 (transcriptional regulator). In order to prove involvement of the PKS-like machinery in EPA synthesis, a 20.195-kb DNA fragment containing the genes was amplified from S. oneidensis MR-1 by the long-PCR method. Its identity was confirmed by the methods of restriction enzyme site mapping and nested PCR of internal genes orfSO1597 and orfSO1604. The DNA fragment was cloned into Escherichia coli using cosmid vector SuperCos1 to form pCosEPA. Synthesis of EPA was observed in four E. coli clones harboring pCosEPA, of which the maximum yield was 0.689% of the total fatty acids in a clone designated 9704-23. The production yield of EPA in the E. coli clone was affected by cultivation temperature, showing maximum yield at $20^{\circ}C$ and no production at $30^{\circ}C$ or higher. In addition, production yield was inversely proportional to glucose concentration of the cultivation medium. From the above results, it was concluded that the PKS-like modules catalyze the synthesis of EPA. The synthetic process appears to be subject to regulatory mechanisms triggered by various environmental factors. This most likely occurs via the control of gene expression, protein stability, or enzyme activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

In order to analysis of the water pollution of the Anyang stream(one of the biggest branch streams of the Han River) and its main tributaries, the geological and topographical and rainfall features in its basin were investigated. To do this, the water samples were collected 23 points of the upper, mid and down of Anyang stream and its tributaries and were analyzed based on the chemical methods, Korean Biotic Index(KBI) and Saprobien systems. The Anyang stream basin has a characteristic of topographical torrential heavy rainfall like a typical rainfall feature in Korea. The concentration and the outflow rate of rainfall is very different in seasonal, and water pollution in dry season is especially severe. After 1997, although the water quality status of stream has been improved gradually, the concentration of T-N and SS at the upstream is increased due to the deficiency of facility used for collecting wastewater released from industrial factories, livestock farms and residential areas. The mainstream of the Anyang stream is classified into the 5th grade water as polysaprobic water area according to Saprobien system and the biotic index is over 2.5 in overall. Most of tributaries have 1~3 grade water limit with ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic except the upper and mid streams of Samsung tributary, in which pollution status is the lowest part. Though Sambong tributary is ${\alpha}$-mesosaproboic, biotic index is low because of the appearance of abundant benthos animals in farming and fishing villages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to exam early stages of plant growth of Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald and Gold' and Hedera japonica grown in fabric felt bag attached on vertical greenery system with the ratio of hydrophilic polymer to substrate, 0(referred as Control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% (v/v), in order to effectively utilize rainfall for low maintenance. After rainfall, the increase in volumetric water content of substrate amended with the hydrophilic polymer was between 13% and 87%, compared to that in Control. During drought period, higher ratio of hydrophilic polymer to substrate slowly decreased the volumetric water content, and increased plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, branch number, and stem diameter of both Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald and Gold' and Hedera japonica with the highest fresh and dry weights of shoots or roots under the 0.1% ratio of hydrophilic polymer.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2017

Purpose: The analysis of space configuration of dentistry through examining Korean dental history and comparison are necessary for the development of planning of the dental healthcare system. This study has been started in order to provide basic information for the planning of hospital architecture in dentistry. Methods: Literature review of space configuration and historical background in dentistry have been conducted. The changes of site plan and space configuration of Seoul National University, Yonsei University and Kyunghee University, School of Dentistry and Dental Hospital have been analyzed in dental history of Korea and corresponding spaces. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in three points. The first one is that space configuration of dentistry in Korea is different from that of West. The clinical treatment space had been started first and the education and research space was followed after a short interval. The second one is that the space configuration in School of Dentistry and Dental Hospital shows that dental space had differentiated and specialized to dental education and clinical space in a building. It had spatially divided and separated to the education and research complex and the dental hospital and it had a branch building. The third one is that the dental public health in Korea has not been actively applied until recently and it should be developed in a near future. Implications: It is necessary to analyze space configuration of other dental schools and their hospitals to develop the relationship between space and program in healthcare system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

The antibacterial activity of Korean honey bee venom (KBV) was examined against seven major bacterial mastitis pathogens, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus uberis isolated from infected mammary quarters of cows. Seven bacterial mastitis pathogens were studied for antibacterial activity of the KBV by disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and bacterial count in milk samples. The KBV showed activity against Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. The order of susceptibility of the bacteria against the KBV was Staph. aureus>MRSA>E. coli>Strep. intermedius>Ent. faecium>Strep. oralis>Strep. uberis. The MIC against Staph. aureus, MRSA and E. coli were stronger effect as compared with standard drug. The effect of the KBV ($100{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$) on the viability of Ent. faecium, E. coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius, Strep. oralis and Strep. uberis in milk differed significantly with each other within 12 h incubation period. The results indicate that KBV has significant antibacterial effects against major bacterial mastitis bacteria, Ent. faecium, E.coli, MRSA, Staph. aureus, Strep. intermedius. Results of the study indicate the potential use of KBV as alternative to antibiotic therapy. Further investigations are needed though to confirm its efficacy and its effects on the animals.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.716-725
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• 2014

Gelatinization properties and the molecular structure of Korean waxy rice starchesisolated from two japonica types, Sinseonchal, and Dongjinchal, as well as an indica type, Hangangchal 1 were investigated. Sinseonchal is preferred cultivar for making Korean traditional rice cakes and cookies. Sinseonchal starch was the highest in crude protein, amylopectin, damaged starch contents, and water binding capacity among the cultivars tested. The initial pasting temperature ($72.75^{\circ}C$), peak (360.54 RVU), breakdown (162.21 RVU) and setback (30.83 RVU) viscosities of Sinseonchal had the highest values (p<0.05). Onset and peak temperatures by differential scanning calorimeter were also the highest in Sinseonchal. The molecular weight of Sinseonchal amylopectin was 5.46 107higher than those of the other cultivars, but its peak height and area were the lowest among them. The amylopectin peak by HPSEC showed a shoulder in the lower molecular weight portion and its relative area decreased in the following order; Sinseonchal > Dongjinchal > Hangangchal 1. On the branch chain length distribution of amylopectin, the proportion of DP13-24 and DP25-36 showed reverse trends, with higher japonica type amylopectin in DP13-24.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.591-594
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• 2006

To have better urban forests in future we are focusing on two major issues like other countries. How we could have more urban forest-quantitative approach-against the expanding of urbanization, and how we could produce better urban forest-qualitative approach-to give a chance in contact with better nature for urban people. Prime surveys on urban forests have been carried out in 6 major cities since 1991, and the city of Daegu which is located on the east southern area of Korea have been case studied for qualitative approaches during last 3 years. Major species of the remnant forests were Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudoacacia. Approximately 20% of the surveyed forests were lost their structure as forests caused by illegal farming, facilities and as the bare ground by excessive visitors. Generally speaking the condition of forests for biotope was very poor in overall. From two years data of monitoring of birds, we found that wooded parkways and woodland squares had more species than street tree areas. Nests were found mainly on the branch of Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora and Quercus myrsinaefolia. The size of urban forests mainly determined the species richness of birds. According to the oxygen output and carbon input by photosynthesis measurement, the capability was in order of Platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Ginko biloba. Air conditioning effects of trees through transpiration measurement was found and the quality of forests also related to the reducing of urban heat-island.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

This study was carried out among 34 patients who visited Yonsei Dental Hospital from 1996. 1. to 1999. 5 for trigeminal neuralgia. By studying the patient's treatment prior to visiting our hospital, features of trigeminal neuralgia, treatment process of trigeminal neuralgia, prognosis of treatment, consultation with other professions and involvement of surgery, etc., the results are as follows: 1. 67.7% of onset age range from 40s to 60s, and average age is 50.2. 2. Ratio of right to left involvement is 1:2.1, male to female ratio is 1:1.9. 3. Occurrence rate of each branch is V3(44.1%), V2(11.8%), V1+V2+V3(11.8), V1+V2(8.8%). 4. Treatments prior to admission to our hospital are extraction(5.9%), endodontic treatment(5.9%), medication(11.8%), Oriental Medicine treatment(5.9%). 5. Routes of admittance to our hospital are by their preference(55.9%), local clinic referral(32.4%), E.N.T referral(5.9%), Neurology referral(5.9%). 6. 70.6% of patients treated at our hospital who were relieved of symptoms, were referred to Neurology(66.7%) and Pain Clinic(33.3%) for the reason of relapse, side effects of the drug itself, incomplete relief of pain. 7. 2 patients who were referred to medical part showed brain vessels contacting trigeminal nerve root on Brain MRangiography. But pain is being controlled by medication and no specific surgical procedure was carried out. The results show that 17.7% of patients admitted received inappropriate early treatment. In order to relieve tooth loss and patient's psychologic stress due to inappropriate treatment, precise differential diagnosis must be made among local teeth disease and idiopathic facial pain. Medication may show side effects of the drug itself, incomplete relief of pain or relapse of symptoms. Therefore, to treat trigeminal neuralgia appropriately by drug injection, surgery or radiation therapy, consultations among dentists, neurologists and anesthesiologists are required.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2016

Dendrimers are one of the most appropriate nanocaries for imaging moieties in imaging applications.The purpose of this study was the evalution of cytotoxicity and inducing apoptosis of dendrimers. This study was conducted in order to investigate the metastasis suppression effect of dendrimer in human breast MCF-7 cell line and finding the nanoparticle protein corona in biological enviromental. Dendrimer cytotoxicity effect was assessed by MTT assay. The mRNA experession level of KAI1 as a metastasis suppressor gene, Bax as Pro- apoptotic gene, Bcl-2 as an anti-apoptotic gene and GAPDH as a housekepping gene were determined by real-time PCR assays.concentration-dependent nanoparticle cytotoxicity effect was proofed at range of 1-2 mg/mL in 24 hours, significant upregulation of mRNA expression of Bax, was observed whereas expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was down-regulated, also expression of metastasis suppressor gene KAI1 was up-regulated. So far a few studies confirmed apoptosis enhancement effect of dendrimers in MCF-7 cell line via bax/bcl-2 pathways. dendrimer nanoparticles was able to act as metastase inhibitor via upregulation of KAI1 gene.