• Advances in nano research
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.493-507
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• 2021

This article focused on studying the buckling behavior of two-dimensional functionally graded (2D-FG) nanosize tubes, including porosity based on first shear deformation and higher-order theory of tube. The nano-scale tube is simulated based on the nonlocal gradient strain theory, and the general equations and boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton's principle for the Zhang-Fu's tube model (as higher-order theory) and Timoshenko beam theory. Finally, the derived equations are solved using a numerical method for both simply-supported and clamped boundary conditions. The parametric study is performed to study the effects of different parameters such as axial and radial FG power indexes, porosity parameter, nonlocal gradient strain parameters on the buckling behavior of di-dimensional functionally graded porous tube.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2019

In this work, the effect of size on the axial buckling behavior of single-layered graphene sheets embedded in elastic media is studied. We incorporate Eringen's nonlocal elasticity equations into three plate theories of first order shear deformation theory, higher order shear deformation theory, and classical plate theory. The surrounding elastic media are simulated using Pasternak and Winkler foundation models and their differences are evaluated. The results obtained from different nonlocal plate theories include the values of Winkler and Pasternak modulus parameters, mode numbers, nonlocal parameter, and side lengths of square SLGSs. We show here that axial buckling behavior strongly depends on modulus and nonlocal parameters, which have different values for different mode numbers and side lengths. In addition, we show that in different nonlocal plate theories, nonlocality is more influential in first order shear deformation theory, especially in certain range of nonlocal parameters.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.306-313
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• 2005

Conditional branch prediction is an important technique for improving processor performance. Branch mispredictions, however, waste a large number of cycles, inhibit out-of-order execution, and waste electric power on mis-speculated instructions. Hence, the branch predictor with higher accuracy is necessary for good processor performance. In global-history-based predictors like gshare and GAg, many mispredictions come from commit update of the history. Some works on this subject have discussed the need for speculative update of the history and recovery mechanisms for branch mispredictions. In this paper, we present a simple mechanism for recovering the branch history after a misprediction. The proposed mechanism adds an age_counter to the original predictor and doubles the size of the branch history register. The age_counter counts the number of outstanding branches and uses it to recover the branch history register. Simulation results on the Simplescalar 3.0/PISA tool set and the SPECINTgS benchmarks show that gshare and GAg with the proposed recovery mechanism improved the average prediction accuracy by 2.14$\%$ and 9.21$\%$, respectively and the average IPC by 8.75$\%$ and 18.08$\%$, respectively over the original predictor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3153-3157
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• 2015

Background: Incidence and mortality rates for cancer have increased dramatically in the recent 30 years in Taiwan. However, not all patients receive treatment. Treatment refusal might impair patient survival and life quality. In order to improve this situation, we proposed this study to evaluate factors that are related to refusal of treatment in cancer patients via a cancer case manager system. Materials and Methods: This study analysed data from a case management system during the period from 2010 to 2012 at a medical center in Northern Taiwan. We enrolled a total of 14,974 patients who were diagnosed with cancer. Using the PRECEDE Model as a framework, we conducted logistic regression analysis to identify independent variables that are significantly associated with refusal of therapy in cancer patients. A multivariate logistic regression model was also applied to estimate adjusted the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: A total of 253 patients (1.69%) refused treatment. The multivariate logistic regression result showed that the high risk factors for refusal of treatment in cancer patient included: concerns about adverse effects (p<0.001), poor performance(p<0.001), changes in medical condition (p<0.001), timing of case manager contact (p=.026), the methods by which case manager contact patients (p<0.001) and the frequency that case managers contact patients (${\geq}10times$) (p=0.016). Conclusions: Cancer patients who refuse treatment have poor survival. The present study provides evidence of factors that are related to refusal of therapy and might be helpful for further application and improvement of cancer care.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease of turkeys and chickens. The antigen is Salmonella(S) gallinarum, which cross-reacts with S pullorum because of common antigen. The organism is maintained in the ovary of carrier birds and transmitted vertically in the york. It is also transmitted horizontally through feces and broken eggs. The symptoms are weakness, drowsiness, wing drooping, hyperexcitability, paresis and diarrhea. In the many cases, the birds are found dead in the morning before any symptoms have been noticed. this experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics of S gallanarum and scrutinized about the control systems. 1. Fowl typhoid was came about in the winter than the other seasons. The average of mortality was 46.3%. And it was came about not only adult poultry but also chicks. 2. S gallinarum was isolated from liver and spleen in infected chickens. Total isolated strains were 60. 3. The organisms were all extinct at 60$^{\circ}C$, 30mins. 4. A survival rate was higher in underground water than a secondary distilled water. It was detected in underground water until 30 days. 5. When being exposed to the solar light, it became extinct almost within 24 hours. 6. It was survived in a refrigerator until 12 months. 7. It was extinct among 5 mins in 0.1% phenol and 2% formalin. 8. When the cultured organism fluid was inoculated in SD-rat abdominal cavity, rat died within 24 hours. 9. Pullorum-typhoid related program must disciplines in order to destroy the fowl typhoid, and breeding system must be converted to cage system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

In this paper, the linearity of Doherty amplifier has been improved by applying a compact slow-wave microstrip branch-line coupler on the output of Doherty amplifier. The proposed branch coupler has four microstrip high-low impedance resonant cells periodically placed inside the branch-line coupler to result in high slow-wave effect. The new coupler not only effectively reduces the occupied area to 30% of the conventional branch-line coupler at 1.8GHz, but also has high second harmonic suppression performance. We obtained the 3rd-order intermodulation distortion ($IMD_3$) of -31.16 dBc for CDMA applications with that of maintaining the constant power added efficiency (PAE). The IMD3 performance is improved as much as -7 dBc compared with a Doherty amplifier.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.207-216
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to develop a branch and bound algorithm for the transportation problem with a limited number of company owned vehicles. First, we find an initial solution by solving quasi-assignment subproblem induced by relaxing constraints of the vehicle capacity and illegal tours elimination equations. Second, we build routing from the assignment, and if there is a routings which violates relaxed constraints, we introduce branches of the subproblem in order to remove it. After all branches are searched, we get the optimal solution.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.147.1-147.1
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• 2012

We present empirical fiducial sequences for horizontal-branch (HB) stars in a set of bright Galactic globular clusters previously observed in SDSS (An et al. 2008). Mean loci of HB stars are derived on color-magnitude diagrams with multiple color indices (u - g, g - r, g - i, and g - z ) in order to identify foreground/background objects as well as cluster RR Lyrae variables. We compare our fiducial sequences to the model predictions from Yonsei-Yale isochrones and test the accuracy of the stellar evolution models.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.193-210
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• 2020

In this research, beside presenting real images of produced Functionally Graded Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites (FG-CNTRCs) and a brief review of the synthesis method of FG-CNTRCs, static and buckling analysis of FG-CNTRC with piezoelectric layers are investigated. It is assumed that the material properties of FG-CNTRC are varied through the thickness direction using four different distributions of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). To capture the size effects, nonlocal elasticity theory proposed by A.C. Eringen is also adopted in our model. One of the topics in our paper is using a higher order theory with eight different displacement fields and comparing their results with each other. To solve the governing equations, an analytical method is used to find the deflections and critical buckling loads of FG-CNTRCs. To show the accuracy of present methodology, our results are compared with the results of simply supported rectangular nano plates available in the literature. In this research, the effects of aspect ratio, piezoelectric layer and nonlocal parameter are also studied. It is hoped that this work leads to more accurate models on FG-CNTRC.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

Space-time coding and modulation exploit the presence of multiple transmit antennas to improve performance on multipath Rayleigh fading channels. In this paper, we propose the Trellis-Coded Differential Space Time Modulation-OFDM system with multiple symbol detection. The Trellis-code perform the set partition with unitary group codes. The Viterbi decoder containing new branch metrics is introduced in order to improve the bit error rate (BER) in the differential detection of the Unitary differential space time modulation. Also, we describe the Viterbi algorithm in order to use this branch metrics. Our study shows that such a Viterbi decoder improves BER performance without sacrificing bandwidth and power efficiency.