• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This work was conducted to investigate the variation of growth and yield among three generations ($TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$) in the field cultivation of virus-free sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) plants. Virus-free generations of three cultivars ('Matnami', 'Shinhwangmi', and 'Yeonhwangmi') were cultivated with $75{\times}25cm$ planting density on May 20th, covered with black vinyl film. At 30 days after planting, vine growth in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant, and vine length in $TC_0$ showed the highest growth among treatments. At harvesting time after 120 days, vine diameter, number of node, and number of branch in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ were more increased than farmer's plant, but were not statistically significant. Fresh weight of shoot in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant, but was not statistically significant among generations or cultivars. Number of tuber per plant and mean weight of tuber in $TC_0$ and $TC_1$ showed significant increasement, but that in $TC_2$ did not show significant difference as compared to the farmer's plant. Weight of tuber per plant in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant. Marketable yield, percentage of marketable tuber, and percentage of small tuber (40 to 200g) in $TC_0$, $TC_1$, and $TC_2$ was significantly increased as compared to the farmer's plant. The large tuber over 300g showed the lowest percentage in $TC_0$. Marketable yield in $TC_2$ was significantly decreased as compared to $TC_0$, and was not significantly different as compared to the farmer's plant. Marketable yield in 'Matnami' was highest among cultivars. From this results, Farmers are required to renew every three years to maintain the yield and quality of virus-free plants. However, the exchange period of virus-free plants is desirable to renew every 2 or 3 years according to the degree of virus reinfection.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of downward speed limit of urban arterial roads at 29 sites in Busan Metropolitan Police Agency to reduce road traffic accidents from '10 to '15. As a result of analyzing the traffic accidents occurred for 1~3 years after the decrease in the speed limit, the number of traffic accidents decreased by 3.09% and the number of injured persons decreased by 8.76%, but the number of deaths decreased by 36.73% The results of this study are as follows. The average speed reduction rate of 6.31km/h was decreased by investigating the change of the vehicle speed before and after the downward speed limit, and the change of average speed was statistically significant in most of the sections. The rate of compliance with the speed limit increased by 10.26% p, which is considered to have greatly improved overall traffic safety. A survey conducted by residents near the target area with a lower speed limit showed that 57.9% of the respondents felt the driving speed of the vehicle was lowered. However, this project was focused on vehicles with limited speed road signs and traffic safety signs, Only 25.8% of respondents said walking safety was improved. In the future, it is necessary to consider the safety of pedestrians by improving roads around roads such as road curvature and separation. In addition, there is a clear positive result in terms of decreasing the fatal accidents in the downward speed limit zone of Busan Metropolitan Subway. However, more detailed analysis is needed for the 29 accidents. Therefore, it is expected that traffic practitioners will be able to utilize it as a basis to increase the accident reduction effect by setting an appropriate speed limit based on the easy and objective grounds.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2009

Employing the Numata-type life form, the paper analyzed changes of plants for 4 years at the Human-made Wetlands along Boknaecheon of Juam Lake since its creation. The number of the species planted at the Human-made Wetlands along Boknaecheon of Juam Lake, which was completed in December 2002, were 15 in total including, 10 families, 13 genera, 12 species and 3 varieties. As for the three-featured life forms of the planted species, there were 6 perennial hydatophytes, recording the biggest number of species in dormancy form; species each of $R_5$, $R_3$, $R_{2-3}$ respectively in radicoid from; 20 species of geomantic dissenminule form ($D_1$) in disseminule form and erecred type(e) existed the most in growth form. With regard to the 3 features of life form identified during the final year of the monitoring that lasted 5 years after the completion of the Wetlands, the number of species and individuals was found to have increased but there was no significant change of tendency as against the composition ration(%) of life form. There were 43 species of therophytes (Th) that covered 24.29% in dormancy form, while $R_5$ was prevalent in radicoid form and $D_4$, $D_1$, and $D_{1,4}$ comprosed 77.39% of the whole disseminule form. Growth form was surveyed in the order of erected type (e), bunch type (t), temporal rosette type (pr), branch type (b) and straight rosette type (ps) and these species comprised 64.97% of the whole flora. Consequently, in case of the artificial wetlands along the Boknaecheon of Juam Lake, it turned out that the vegetation type in which pioneer species of succession, or gradually stabilized perennial vegetation favoring Wetlands because the higher dormancy form has its perennial plants' composition ratio getting, the more its succession is progressing. Even though single grained plants ($R_5$) belonging to radicoid in breeding form, succession is predicted to take place considering the fact that they actually belong to ~ plants like Phragmites japonica that form a connection on the surface of the earth. In addition, it is judged that geomantic disseminule form ($D_1$) conveyed by water and gravitational disseminule form favored by the development of waterside woody plants ($D_4$) seem to be better fit to this area in desseminule form. As for growth form, bunch type (t) is judged to become prevalent on the Wetlands while a good variety of phanerophytes will coexist on the earth due to artificial as well as natural disturbances.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2016

In this study, agronomic characteristics and fatty acid composition of 121 flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasms were analyzed. The flax germplasms had a fairly short growth period of 75-95 days. The plant height at maturity varied from 52 to 124 cm. The flower color varied from white to lilac and even purple. Early flowering flax germplasms had white flowers and were resistant to lodging. In early flowering flax germplasms, all agronomic characteristics, including growth period, plant height, branch number per plant, stem diameter, number of capsules per raceme, seed number per capsule, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield, were decreased. The average fatty acid composition of 121 flax germplasms comprised palmitic acid (5.3%), stearic acid (4.3%), oleic acid (29.7%), linoleic acid (13.1%) and linolenic acid (46.4%). The total content of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 84~94% with an average of 88%. Among the fatty acids, linolenic acid (omega-3) content was the highest with a range of 36~54%. In five selected flax germplasms (Hollandia 1803, Red son, C & F Res Br 1767, Wiera, and Ireland 1657) with high linolenic acid (${\geq}51%$), total lipid and protein contents were 30~36% and 5.4~6.9%, respectively. Overall, flax can practically be adoptable into cropping systems in South Korea and utilized as a scenery crop, since flax has a short cultivation period with diverse flower colors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.548-556
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• 2022

In this study, basic data were obtained to determine the optimal cultivation method to achieve stable fruiting and yield increase in "Cheonhwang" jujube trees. Accordingly, thefructification, fruit characteristics, and yield according to tree age were analyzed. The mean (and range of) tree height, crown area, stem diameter near the root, clear stem length, number of main branches, and distance between main branches were 235.6 (217.4-253.8) cm, 3.5 (3.1-4.1) m², 5.5 (4.0-7.1) cm, 70.6 (66.2-72.7) cm, 9.7 (8.6-10.5), and 10.4 (7.9-14.2) cm, respectively. Correlationanalysis results indicated that tree age was positively correlated with crown area, stem diameter near the root, and clear stem length but not with the number of main branches. The mean number (and range) of fruit per fruit-bearing mother shoot and tree were 18.3 (16.7-18.3) and 170.7 (157.9-178.3), respectively. Tree age was not significantlycorrelated with fruiting characteristics (i.e., the numbers of fruit-bearing mother shoots per main branch, fruit-bearing shoots per fruit-bearing mother shoot, fruit per fruit-bearing shoot, and fruit per tree). Given that the shape of jujube trees is constantly managed according to the growing area and greenhouse type, the tree growth characteristics were more affected by tree management techniques than by tree age. The mean (and range of) fruit weight, fruit hardness, and soluble solid content were 28.6 (27.7-30.3) g, 29.4 (28.5-30.4) N, and 20.4 (19.3-21.0) °brix, respectively, and these fruit characteristics were not significantly correlated with tree age.The average yield per tree of the 'Cheonhwang' jujube cultivar was 4.9 (4.8-5.0) kg, which was not significantly correlated with tree age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2023

The cultivation period of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) in Korea has undergone recent variations. However, limited research has been conducted on pod shattering and sprout characteristics of mung beans on different sowing dates. This study aims to compare pod shattering and sprouts productivity based on different sowing dates. The research was was conducted with six different sowing dates (early May, mid-May, early June, mid-June, early July, and mid-July) in 2021 and 2022. Delayed sowing dates resulted in shortened days to germination, flowering time, and maturity time, whereas plant height, branch number, and node number increased. In addition, stem thickness and the number of pods per plant decreased. In the mung bean cultivar 'Sanpo', the pod shattering rate ranged from 10.0% to 19.3%, consistently lower than that of 'Dahyun' across all six sowing dates. The sowing date associated with the lowest shattering rate was early June. 'Sanpo' sown in early July and 'Dahyun' sown in mid-May exhibited the highest sprout production, at 871% and 750%, respectively.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2016

Objectives : In 2007, a survey of how Kampo was regarded in Japanese clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was first conducted by the Special Committee for Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), namely the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM). A manual for CPG development was also published in 2007 by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care, and the revised edition came out in 2014. The purpose this study is to review the current state in CPGs applied to Kampo after 2007, while focusing on how Kampo products being regarded evidence based branch of medicine by CPG developers. Methods : Sources include the Kampo CPGs website of Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM) and MINDS (Medical Information Network Distribution Service) website of Japan Council for Quality Health Care. Results : Among the 784 CPGs existing by the end of 2015, 91 CPGs were considered containing descriptions of Kampo. Furthermore, 28 type A Kampo CPG (KCPG) which had quality of evidence and strength of recommendation with references were found. Also, most of type A KCPGs relied on the MINDS Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Development that was published in 2007. Conclusions : The number of KCPGs are increasing yearly. However, there is still not much Kampo evidence found in CPGs in Japan. Overall, it could be said that we need to not only make evidence vertically but preach it horizontally well.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.239-260
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• 2011

It is very interesting phenomenon that despite a broad consensus on the need for social worker to take cultural aspects into professional practice, thus to be a culturally competent, a number of materials criticising the concept of cultural competence have emerged in these days simultaneously. The main purpose of the study is to clarify such phenomenon, which means that this article is trying to analyze the contents of such critical discourse on cultural competence and the validity of those contents. The result of the study finds out that most of the arguments can be categorized into three aspects: epistemological, ethical, ontological, and that most of the main ideas of the critical discourses have been borrowed from a branch of critical social work theories, especially highly influenced from Foucault and Derrida. This article argues that critical discourses have some significant problems which make a conflict with traditional values and tenets in social work as a human service profession. First, epistemologically, the critical discourse fails to differentiate the matter of discovery from that of justification, which brings the cultural competence to the brink of agnosticism. Second, ethically, insisting that there should be no foundational criteria for cultural hierarchy in term of rightness or goodness, the critical discourses reveal their intrinsic limitations in solving ethical dilemmas and conflict in real world, which can be considered as a kind of evasion of responsibility in disguise of cultural relativism. Third, in practical vein, critical discourses are largely in effective in specifying the concrete model to realize their own ideas, and furthermore they unintentionally promote context-blind perspectives that eclipses the significance of structural and systematical impacts on the cultural identity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.561-566
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• 2008

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritive value of cell mass from lysine production (CMLP) as a protein supplement for ruminants. In each experiment, animals were fed a diet containing 40% of forages and 60% of concentrates, mainly composed of rice straw and ground corn, respectively, to meet the maintenance requirements, and the diets were formulated to supply equal amounts of energy and nitrogen among treatments. In order to investigate the effect of CMLP on ruminal fermentation (Experiment 1), three Korean native goats weighing $26.1{\pm}1.4kg$ were allotted into individual cages with a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Each animal was fed one of three protein sources (CMLP, soybean meal (SBM), and urea). Rumen pH, bacterial and fungal counts, volatile fatty acid concentrations and acetate to propionate ratio were not significantly different among treatments. Concentration of propionate, however, was higher in SBM treatment (14.1 mM) than in CMLP (8.7 mM) or urea (9.3 mM) treatments. There was significantly more branch-chain volatile fatty acid production in CMLP (1.9 mM) and SBM (1.8 mM) treatments than in urea (1.3 mM) treatment. The number of protozoa was the highest in urea treatment, followed by CMLP and SBM treatment with significant differences. A metabolic trial (Experiment 2) was conducted to measure in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in Korean native goats fed CMLP and SBM. Two heavy ($35.0{\pm}1.2kg$) and two light ($25.0{\pm}0.9kg$) Korean native goats, caged individually, were used in this experiment. A heavy and a light animal were paired and supplemented with either CMLP or SBM. The animals fed CMLP showed a trend of lower total tract digestibility in all the nutrients measured; however, there was no statistical significance except for digestibility of ether extract. Nitrogen digestibility of CMLP was estimated to be about 7% units lower than that of SBM. There was a tendency for lower nitrogen retention in CMLP treatment (35.9%) compared to SBM treatment (42.3%). In summary, CMLP can be a good protein source for ruminant animals from nutritional and economic perspectives and may replace some, if not all, of SBM in a diet without losing nitrogen utilization efficiency. Further research is warranted for investigating the effect of CMLP fed with easily fermentable forage and the effective level of CMLP for replacing SBM.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2020

In this study, a suitable algorithm for each BRT stop type is presented through the network construction and algorithm design effect analysis through the LISA, a traffic signal program, for the BRT stop type in the BRT Design Guidelines, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 2010.6. It was. The phase insert technique is the most effective method for the stop before passing the intersection, the early green technique for the stop after the intersection, and the extend green technique for the mid-block type stop. The extension green technique is used only because it consists of BRT vehicles, general vehicles and pedestrians. Analyzed. After passing through the intersection, the stop was analyzed as 56.4 seconds for the total crossing time and 29.8 seconds for the delay time. In the mid-block type stop, the total travel time of the intersection was 40.5 seconds, the delay time was 9.6 seconds, the average travel time of up and down BRT was 70.2 seconds, the delay time was 14.0 seconds, and the number of passages was 29.