• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 1970

Alterations of H-and M-isozymes of Lactic Dehydrogenase(LDH) were observed in the various tissues after exposing the rats to 50ppm and 250ppm of sulfur dioxide. These isozymes of the respective tissue were separated by Diethlaminoethyl (DTAE)-cellulose from the tissue homogenates of brain, lung and muscle, presenting the activities by rate of reduction of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide ($NAD^+$). Pure LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) were directly treated with sulfur dioxide in vitro in order to find out the direct to sulfur dioxide on LDH and $NAD^+$ and the results were as follows. 1. In the normal tissues, the H-isozyme activity was dominant in the brain and heart, and the M-isozyme in the muscle. 2. In the lung tissue of normal rats, there was no difference between the activity of H-and M-type of LDH. 3. When rats inhale sulfur dioxide gas in concentration of 50ppm and 250ppm, it appeared that the H-type tend to be suppressed in aerobic tissues and the M-type in anaerobic tissues. 4. In the lung tissue exposed to sulfur dioxide, both the LDH activities were suppressed. 5. It seems that LDH and the coenzyme ($NAD^+$) are not directly affected by exposing in sulfur dioxide gas.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.15-20
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• 1995

The effects of volatile substances inhalation on lactate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase in rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to marketed odorant, ethyl acetate and ethyl ether for 15 days. Enzyme activities were measured in serum and several tissues such as liver, lung, brain, heart, kidney and muscle to find differences of effects according to the organ. Cholinesterase activity in serum and most of tissues revealed time-dependent decrease in the case of marketed odorant inhalation. Especially in heart and kidney significant decrease was observed. Ethyl acetate exposure to rats revealed also decrease in serum and all tissues by 40% to 60%. Ethyl ether inhalation showed significant decrease by 30% to 50%. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was markedly increased in serum and similarly in heart, brain and kidney by exposure to marketed odorant. No changes were observed in liver. Ethyl acetate exposure to rats revealed increase in serum by about 200%, compared to normal group and in other tissues by 40% to 70% except in liver and muscle. Ethyl ether inhalation showed significant increase in serum by about 100%. There was no change in 'liver and slight increase in muscle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 1993

The smear preparations of the semen from Korean native bull and the tissue preparations of the organs from male and female mice were performed by fluorescent staining method. More than 600 spermatozoa per straw from two semen straw groups and more than 300 cells per mouse organ from two mice per sex were observed and then the ratio of spermatozoa bearing B-body and the cells bearing F-body were assessed, respectively. 1. The ratios of spermatozoa bearing B-body in semen of Korean native bull were $37.3{\pm}3.1%$. 2. The ratios of cells bearing F-body in the organs of mice were $63.5{\pm}4.5%$ in male tissues and $7.5{\pm}3.2%$ in female tissues. 3. The organs with higher appearance frequency of F-body were ordered as brain, kidney, stomach, lung, testis, liver, small intestine, spleen and pancreas in male mice and pancreas, small intestine, liver, brain, kidney, lung, spleen and stomach in female mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 1994

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (ATP: methionine S-Adenosyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.6; AdoMet synthetase) catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine(AdoMet) from methionine in the presence of ATP. To elucidate the role of transmethylation reaction in the pancreatic tissues, we examined AdoMet synthetase and isozyme activities, and AdoMet contents in the various tissues. The activities of AdoMet synthetase marked the highest in the kidney, and the lowest in the testis among the various tissues of rat. Considerable amounts of AdoMet synthetase activities were detected in the pancreatic tissues of various animals except for those of frog. The level of ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ isozyme activities were present in the pancreatic tissues of various animals, while ${\beta}$ isozyme activities were detected as trace. AdoMet synthetase activities of rat brain, liver, testis were decreased with growth. In the rat pancreatic tissues, AdoMet synthetase activities were increased during 16 days after birth and then decreased between 16 and 47 days of age. Levels of AdoMet contents of rat brain and testis were decreased with growth. However, AdoMet contents of rat pancreas were decreased until 26 days of age, and then increased thereafter. AdoMet synthetase isozyme patterns did not vary with growth in the pancreas and testis. But, in the liver, ${\beta}$ form is strikingly increased with growth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

Galectin family, endogenous ${\beta}$-galactoside-binding animal lectins, is known for the role in cell differentiation, morphogenesis, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Galectin-3, one of family member, has been studied for its role in cell differentiation and tumor metastasis, and for its expression on epithelial cells of colon and mast cells but not in brain. Several reports, however, suggest its expression in brain including as a prion binding protein. In this report we explored possibility of galectin-3 expression in brain tissue. With Western blot and RT-PCR with rat brain tissues, we could detect galectin-3 that was not shown by conventional immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated galectin-3 was expressed in brain, and substantiate the previous report on galecin-3 as a prion-related protein in brain.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2006

Functional photoacoustic tomography is a new non-invasive imaging modality, and it is emerging as a very practical method for imaging biological tissue structures by means of laser-induced ultrasound. Structures with high optical absorption, such as blood vessels, can be imaged with the spatial resolution of ultrasound, which is not limited by the strong light scattering in biological tissues. By varying wavelengths of the laser light and acquiring photoacoustic images, optical absorption spectrum of each image pixel is found. Since the biochemical constituents of tissues determine the spectrum, useful functional information like oxygen saturation ($SO_2$) and total haemoglobin concentration (HbT) can be extracted. In this study, as a proof-of-principle experiment, hypoxic brain tumor vasculature and traumatic brain injury (TBI) of small animal brain are imaged with functional photoacoustic tomography. High resolution brain vasculature images of oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin concentration are provided to visualize hypoxic tumor vasculature, and hemorrhage on the cortex surface by the TBI.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptosis induction in tissues constituting the craniofacial region of growing rat by irradiation. Materials and Methods: The submandibular gland, brain, articular cartilage of condylar head, and calvarium were extracted from 20-day-old rats irradiated 10 Gy. Apoptosis of each tissue was examined by DNA fragmentation and estimated quantitatively using apoptotic index on TUNEL assay. Apoptotic index of each tissue was calculated by the equation for apoptotic cells/total cells × 1,000 on the images of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Apoptotic index was analyzed statistically according to the time lapse after irradiation on the tissues. Results : In the submandibular gland, apoptotic index was significantly increased from 6 hours after irradiation showing the highest value at 12 hours and decreased to the control level at 3 days after irradiation. In the brain, apoptotic index was abruptly reached to the maximum value at 6 hours after irradiation and decreased to the control level at 4 days after irradiation. Articular cartilage and calvarium showed no or little apoptotic signals. The results obtained by the apoptotic index accorded with that of DNA fragmentation. Conclusion : Radiation was closely related with the apoptosis of submandibular gland and brain but, not related with the apoptosis of the articular cartilage of condylar head and calvarium. The changes induced by radiation of the hard tissues would not be explained by apoptosis.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2005

This study investigated the distribution of scuticociliates in the intestine, spleen, kidney, testis, brain, pericondrial bone and muscle layer of the tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, infected with scuticociliates. Scuticociliates were infiltrated in the connective tissues of the outer layer of the intestine, spleen, kidney, testis, brain, pericondrial bone and muscle layer. In brain, membranous tissue and optic lobe cortex separation were accompanied by the infection of scuticociliates. Other internal tissues and organs did not show any lesions expect for heavy deposition of hemosiderin in spleen.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1976

The rabbit anti-rat brain associated ${\theta}(RBA{\theta})$ serum wich was obtained by immunization of rabbit with DA rat brain tested against rat lymphoid tissues for cytotoxicity, indirect immunofluorescent staining and ability to inhibit a graft-vs-host reaction. It was founded that the antiserum was a potent anti-${\theta}$ like antiserum, and rat brain associated ${\theta}$ antigen was cross-reactive with mouse thymocytes and brain antigen. Using the RBA ${\theta}$ sera, distribution of ${\theta}$-bearing lymphocytes in rat lymphoid tissues was detected. And it was found that approximately 98% of thymocytes, 70-76% of lymph node lymphocytes, 72% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, 36-44% of spleen lymphocytes, and 4% of bone marrow were ${\theta}$-bearing.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.53-57
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• 1992

Amount of lead burden in a tissue reflects poisoning of lead in that tissue, so is the removal of lead directly connected to curement of lead poisoning. The purpose of present study was to investigate the relative effects of penicillamine and thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) or thiamine propyl disulfide (TPD) in the removal of lead from rat brain tissue treated with excessive lead. Wistar rat pups of both sexes were used in this experiment. Within 1 day of parturition, experimental mothers nursing their pups as well as rat pups were given drinking water containing 0.2% lead acetate, TTFD 20mg/1.2 L (2 mg/kg/day), TPD 20 mg/1.2 L (2mg/kg/day), penicillamine 40 mg/1.2 L (40 mg/kg/day), 0.2% lead acetate+TTFD 20mg/1.2 L (2 mg/kg/day), 0.2% lead acetate+ TPD 20 mg/1.2 L (2 mg/kg/day) or 0.2% lead acetate+ penicillamine 40 mg/1.2 L (40 mg/kg/day) ad libitum, throughout the entire period of experiment. Rat pups in the control group received normal tap water. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation on the day when they become 2 or 8 weeks of age. Brains were dissected into five regions: telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, pons/medulla and cerebellum. The dissected brain tissues were lyophillized and then solubilized by acid mixture (nitric acid + sulfuric acid). Lead levels in the solubilized brain tissues were measured by the inductively coupled plasma. In lead-exposed rats, lead levels were significantly higher than those of control group in all brain legions, lead levels in brain regions of TTFD or TPD group were generally lower than those of control group. The simultaneous administration of lead with TTFD or TPD to animals caused significant decrement of lead from all brain regions. In the elimination of lead from brain regions, effectiveness of TTFD or TPD was equivalant to penicillamine.