• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2017

Jeung-pyun, a fermented rice cake, is prepared by fermenting rice sourdough using makgeolli, a traditional Korean rice wine, in the presence of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The goal of this study was to conduct biochemical and microbial analyses of five different rice sourdoughs, each fermented with a different commercial makgeolli, using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. All sourdough samples fermented with different makgeolli for 6.5 h showed different profiles in pH, total titratable acidity, organic acid concentration, and microbial growth. LAB belonging to different genera were identified based on colony morphology on modified MRS and sourdough bacteria agar medium. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses of the five sourdoughs showed different bands corresponding to LAB and yeast. 16S/26S rRNA gene sequence analyses of the samples confirmed that the predominant LAB in the five fermented rice doughs was Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. pentosus, and Lb. brevis. Various other Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were common in all five fermented samples. This study provides comprehensive and comparative information on the microflora involved in fermentation of rice sourdough and signifies the need to develop effective starters to enrich the quality of jeung-pyun.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2020

This study investigated the growth of native ferns under indoor light intensities to identify the introduction possibility as in-door ornamental plants. Three evergreen perennial fern species used in this experiment were Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels, Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm., and Cyclosorus acuminatus (Houtt.) Nakai ex H. Itô. The light intensities were adjusted to 10, 50, 100 and 200 PPFD (µmol·m^-2·s^-1) based on the measurement of the various indoor light quantities. The experiment was conducted for a total of 8 weeks, and the light period (12/12h), temperature (25±1℃), and humidity (55±3%) were maintained during the experiment. The control plant group was grown in glass greenhouse for the same period. As the result of the study, in door C. japonica showed better growth under light intensities of 100, 200 PPFD. However, withering of the plants were observed under all light intensities except the control, which causes an ornamental value decrease. This seems to be related to the increase of DIo/RC value in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the W. japonica growth data, the plant height was not significantly different from the control but, the leaf number decreased more than a two-fold. Also, the formed leaves turned brown and showed a poor growth and SPAD value at 200 PPFD had decreased significantly. Growth data of C. acuminatus was not significantly different with the control at all light intensities however, withering was observed at 100 and 200 PPFD. In chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, significant decrease in Pi_Abs and increase in DIo/RC value at 200 PPFD impose that stress caused by the intense light might be the reason of the withering of the plants.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2009

school. This study was carried out by literature review. Values of woodworking in extrinsic viewpoint were justified as well-balanced development between left brain and right brain, effective improvement of creative problem solving skill, formation of affirmative attitude toward woodworking, and obtaining method to use tools and equipment effectively. Values of woodworking in intrinsic viewpoint were justified as students' instinct liking of woodworking, psychological stability, and implanting self-confidence in students. In addition to these, woodworking has more educational values. Such values should be justified in the following studies.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.791-797
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• 2001

After brain injury, patients show a wide range in the degree of recovery. By a variety of mechanisms, the human brain is constantly undergoing plastic changes. Spontaneous recovery from brain injury in the chronic stage omes about because of plasticity. The brain regions are altered. resulting in functionally modified cortical network. This review cnsidered the neural plasticity from cellular and molecular mechanisms of synapse formation to behavioural recovery from brain injury in elderly humans. The stimuli required to elicit plasticity are thought to be activity-dependent elements. especially exercise and learning. Knowledge about the physiology of brain plasticity has led to the development of methods for rehabilitation.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.139-142
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• 2002

The brain of the human is the best model for the artificial intelligence and is studied by many natural, medical scientists and engineers. In the engineering department, the brain model becomes a main subject in the area of development of a system that can represent and think like human. In this paper, we approach and define the function of the brain biologically and especially, make a model for the function of cerebral cortex, known as a part that performs behavior inference and decision for sensitive information from the thalamus. Therefore, we try to make a model for the transfer process of the brain. The brain takes the sensory information from sensory organ, proceeds behavior inference and decision and finally, commands behavior to the motor nerves. We use the modular neural network in this model. finally, we would like to design the intelligent system that can sense, recognize, think and decide like the brain by learning the information process in the brain with the modular neural network.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.158-181
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• 2024

This study offers a comprehensive overview of brain organoids for researchers. It combines expert opinions with technical summaries on organoid definitions, characteristics, culture methods, and quality control. This approach aims to enhance the utilization of brain organoids in research. Brain organoids, as three-dimensional human cell models mimicking the nervous system, hold immense promise for studying the human brain. They offer advantages over traditional methods, replicating anatomical structures, physiological features, and complex neuronal networks. Additionally, brain organoids can model nervous system development and interactions between cell types and the microenvironment. By providing a foundation for utilizing the most human-relevant tissue models, this work empowers researchers to overcome limitations of two-dimensional cultures and conduct advanced disease modeling research.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2020

The olfactory bulb (OB) has an extremely higher proportion of interneurons innervating excitatory neurons than other brain regions, which is evolutionally conserved across species. Despite the abundance of OB interneurons, little is known about the diversification and physiological functions of OB interneurons compared to cortical interneurons. In this review, an overview of the general developmental process of interneurons from the angles of the spatial and temporal specifications was presented. Then, the distinct features shown exclusively in OB interneurons development and molecular machinery recently identified were discussed. Finally, we proposed an evolutionary meaning for the diversity of OB interneurons.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1968

Technetium 99m pertechnetate brain scanning were performed in 3 cases of head injury (2 chronic subdural hematomas and 1 acute epidural hematoma), 2 cases of brain abscess and I case of intracerebral hematoma associated with arteriovenous anomaly. In all the cases brain scintigrams showed "hot areas." Literatures on radioisotope scanning of intracranial lesions were briefly reviewed. With the improvement of radioisotope scanner and development of new radiopharmaceuticals brain scanning became a safe and useful screening test for diagnosis of intracranial lesions. Brain scanning can be easily performed even to a moribund patient without any discomfort and risk to the patient which are associated with cerebral angiography or pneumoencephalography. Brain scanning has been useful in diagnosis of brain tumor, brain abscess, subdural hematoma, and cerebral vascular diseases. In 80 to 90% of brain tumors positive scintigrams can be expected. Early studies were done with $^{203}Hg$-Neohydrin or $^{131}I$-serum albumin. With these agents, however, patients receive rather much radiation to the whole body and kidneys. In 1965 Harper introduced $^{99m}Tc$ to reduce radiation dose to the patient and improve statistical variation in isotope scanning.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2020

Electroencephalography (EEG) produces time-series data of neural oscillations in the brain, and is one of the most commonly used methods for investigating both normal brain functions and brain disorders. Quantitative EEG analysis enables identification of frequencies and brain activity that are activated or impaired. With studies on the structural and functional networks of the brain, the concept of the brain as a complex network has been fundamental to understand normal brain functions and the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. Functional connectivity is a measure of neural synchrony in the brain network that refers to the statistical interdependency between neural oscillations over time. In this review, we first discuss the basic methods of EEG analysis, including preprocessing, spectral analysis, and functional-connectivity and graph-theory measures. We then review previous EEG studies of brain network characterization in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Identifying the EEG-based network characteristics might improve the understanding of disease processes and aid the development of novel therapeutic approaches for various neurological disorders.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.311-317
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• 2024

Brain organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) tissue derived from stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that reflect real human brain structure. It replicates the complexity and development of the human brain, enabling studies of the human brain in vitro. With emerging technologies, its application is various, including disease modeling and drug screening. A variety of experimental methods have been used to study structural and molecular characteristics of brain organoids. However, electrophysiological analysis is necessary to understand their functional characteristics and complexity. Although electrophysiological approaches have rapidly advanced for monolayered cells, there are some limitations in studying electrophysiological and neural network characteristics due to the lack of 3D characteristics. Herein, electrophysiological measurement and analytical methods related to neural complexity and 3D characteristics of brain organoids are reviewed. Overall, electrophysiological understanding of brain organoids allows us to overcome limitations of monolayer in vitro cell culture models, providing deep insights into the neural network complex of the real human brain and new ways of disease modeling.