• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

One of the most important roles of a brain atlas is providing a spatial reference system in which multiple images can be interpreted in a consistent way. The brain atlase based on Western populations such as the International Consortium for Brain Mapping's 452 T-1 Weighted Average Atlas was widely used; however, they may not be the optimal choice for use with brain images from other ethnic groups, because structural differences between occidental and oriental brains have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we created an average brain atlas from 100 healthy Koreans (100 cases (M/F=53/47), 39.0±17.0 years). The purpose of this study was to make a Korean average-brain atlas and to measure its differences from a widely accepted average brain atlas built on an occidental population. The average brain atlas for Koreans was developed using widely accepted tools and procedures. The comparison between the Korean and occidental averages was performed using tissue probability maps and a registration tool, and it was shown that the global pattern of differences between the two average brains found in this work agreed with previously reported differences: Korean brains are wider and shorter in size, and smaller in volume, yet no hemispheric volume asymmetry was found.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.153-172
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• 2021

본 연구는 가정과교육에서의 뇌기반 교육원리를 적용한 공감교육 프로그램 개발을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 ADDE(Analysis, Design, Development, Evaluation)의 절차에 따라 공감 및 뇌과학에 관련된 문헌 분석과 2015 개정 기술·가정 교육과정 및 교과서 3종을 분석하여 중학생 대상 가정과 공감교육 프로그램을 개발하고 전문가 평가를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 가정과교육에서의 공감교육을 위한 뇌기반 교육원리는 '모방을 통한 이해', '상상을 통한 추론', '경험을 통한 상호작용', '실천을 통한 내면화'라는 네 가지로 도출된다. 2015 개정 기술·가정 교육과정 및 교과서 분석 결과, 공감은 가정과의 교과역량인 관계형성능력을 기르는 요소로서 '자신', '타인', '공동체'에서의 관계 차원에서 공감 관련 내용요소들이 다루어졌다. 개발된 프로그램의 전문가 타당도 평가를 분석한 결과 전체 항목의 타당도 평균이 4.88, 타당도 지수(CVI)는 0.98로 프로그램이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 가정과교육에서의 공감교육의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었고, 현재 가정과교육에서는 뇌과학을 고려한 연구는 미흡한 실정인데 본 연구는 가정과교육에서의 공감교육을 '뇌과학'과 접목하여 새롭게 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2015

Objectives It is increasingly thought that the human cerebellum plays an important role in emotion and cognition. Although recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum may also be implicated in fear learning, only a limited number of studies have investigated the cerebellar abnormalities in panic disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebellar gray matter deficits and their clinical correlations among patients with panic disorder. Methods Using a voxel-based morphometry approach with a high-resolution spatially unbiased infratentorial template, regional cerebellar gray matter density was compared between 23 patients with panic disorder and 33 healthy individuals. Results The gray matter density in the right posterior-superior (lobule Crus I) and left posterior-inferior (lobules Crus II, VIIb, VIIIa) cerebellum was significantly reduced in the panic disorder group compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected, extent threshold = 100 voxels). Additionally, the gray matter reduction in the left posterior-inferior cerebellum (lobule VIIIa) was significantly associated with greater panic symptom severity (r = -0.55, p = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the gray matter deficits in the posterior cerebellum may be involved in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cerebro-cerebellar network in panic disorder.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.474-487
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• 2016

Itch is one of the most distressing sensations that substantially impair quality of life. It is a cardinal symptom of many skin diseases and is also caused by a variety of systemic disorders. Unfortunately, currently available itch medications are ineffective in many chronic itch conditions, and they often cause undesirable side effects. To develop novel therapeutic strategies, it is essential to identify primary afferent neurons that selectively respond to itch mediators as well as the central nervous system components that process the sensation of itch and initiate behavioral responses. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of itch, focusing on itch-selective receptors, signaling molecules, neuronal pathways from the primary sensory neurons to the brain, and potential decoding mechanisms based on which itch is distinguished from pain.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the brain connectivity between brain and biomechanical variables by exploring motion recognition through FFT (fast fourier transform) analysis and AI (artificial intelligence) focusing on quiet standing movement patterns. Method: Participants included 12 young adult males, comprising university students (n=6) and elite gymnasts (n=6). The first experiment involved FFT of biomechanical signals (f_CoP, f_AJtorque and f_EEG), and the second experiment explored the optimization of AI-based GRU (gated recurrent unit) using f_EEG data. Results: Significant differences (p<.05) were observed in frequency bands and maximum power based on group and posture types in the first experiment. The second study improved motion prediction accuracy through GRU performance metrics derived from brain signals. Conclusion: This study delved into the movement pattern of upright standing posture through the analysis of bio-signals linking the cerebral cortex to motor performance, culminating in the attainment of motion recognition prediction performance.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2003

MRI, CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, fMRI 등과 같은 단층의료영상은 병원에서 환자의 진단 및 치료 임상적 연구에서 폭넓게 사용되고 있다. 동일한 대상에 대하여 서로 다른 정보를 얻거나 비교를 하기 위하여 서로 다른 영상양식으로 촬영하거나 시간적 간격을 두고 단층영상을 획득하는 경우가 많다. 3차원 영상정합은 비교하고자 하는 두 영상을 하나의 3차원 좌표 공간으로 지도화하는 것이며, 크게 마커기반 정합과 특징기반 정합으로 분류된다. 뇌 영상의 3차원 정합은 뇌 수술부위 선정, 뇌 기능 연구, 뇌 지도화 연구 등에서 시각적 분석과 정량적 분석에서 중요한 위치를 차지한다. 본 논문에서는 뇌의 단층영상에 대하여 흔히 사용되고 있는 3차원 정합인 마커기반 정합법과 특징기반 정합법에 대하여 소개하고 이에 대한 비교 고찰을 행하고자 한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1999

Drug delivery to the brain may be achieved by producing chimeric peptide, attaching the drug to protein 'vectors' which are transported into the brain from the blood by a receptor-mediated transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Since the BBB expresses high concentrations of transferrin receptor, and it was reported that anti-transferrin receptor mouse monoclonal antibody (OX26) undergoes transcytosis through the BBB, it is logical to assume that a drug delivery system via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis is a promising strategy. In the present study, therefore, we tested feasibility of several OX26 based vectors for the brain delivery of a model drug. Avidin-based delivery vectors such as OX26-streptavidin (OX26-SA), OX26-neutralite avidin (OX26-NLA) were chemically synthesized vectors and OX26 immunoglobulin G 3 type $C_{H}3$ fusion avidin $(OX26\;IgG3C_H3-AV)$ was genetically engineered. To improve the efficiency of producing chimeric peptide, we used avidin-biotin technology. Pharmacokinetics of $[^3H]biotin$ bound to OX26-SA, OX26-NLA and $OX26\;IgG3C_H3-AV$ was determined by intravenous injection technique, and their stabilities in plasma were analyzed using HPLC. The brain delivery of $[^3H]biotin$ bound to OX26-SA, OX26-NLA and OX26\;$IgG3C_{H}3-AV$ (expressed as %ID/g brain) was $0.22{\pm}0.01$, $0.18{\pm}0.01$ and $0.25{\pm}0.09$, respectively. The areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) for OX26-SA, OX26-NLA, $OX26\;IgG3C_H3-AV$ from time zero to 60 min were $209{\pm}10$, $195{\pm}9$, $134{\pm}29\;%ID\;min/ml$ respectively and their total clearances $(CL_{tot})$ were $1.00{\pm}0.09$, $1.08{\pm}0.07$ and $1.54{\pm}0.29\;ml/min/kg$, espectively. These results showed that these vectors possess preferable pharmaceutical (e.g., resonable stability) and pharmacokinetics (e.g., significant brain uptake and enhanced AUC) for brain delivery. Therefore, these vectors may be broadly useful in the brain delivery of drugs that are not transported into the brain to a significant extent.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical variables that predict functional and cognitive recovery at 1- and 6-month in both severe and moderate/mild traumatic brain injury patients. Methods. The subjects of this study were 82 traumatically brain-injured patients who were admitted to a Neurological Intensive Care Unit at a university hospital. Potential prognostic factors included were age, motor and pupillary response, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the presence of intracranial hematoma at admission. Results. The significant predictors of functional disability in severe traumatic brain injury subjects were, age, systolic blood pressure, the presence of intracranial hematoma, motor response, and heart rate at admission. In moderate/mild traumatic brain injury patients, motor response, abnormal pupil reflex, and heart rate at admission were identified as significant predictors of functional disability. On the other hand, the significant predictors of cognitive ability for severe traumatic brain injury patients were motor response and the presence of intracranial hematoma at admission, whereas those for moderate/mild patients were motor response, pupil reflex, systolic blood pressure at admission, and age. Conclusions. The results of the present study indicate that the significant predictors of TBI differ according to TBI severity on admission, outcome type, and outcome measurement time. This can be meaningful to critical care nurses for a better understanding on the prediction of brain injury patients. On the other hand, the model used in the present study appeared to produce relatively low explicabilities for functional and cognitive recovery although a direct comparison of our results with those of others is difficult due to differences in outcome definition and validation methods. This implies that other clinical variables should be added to the model used in the present study to increase its predicting power for determining functional and cognitive outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2009

본 연구는 영어학습 영역별 (듣기쓰기능력, 단어수준, 스피킹, 단어기억, 리스닝) 성취도에 따른 대뇌피질 내의 뇌기능 활성화에 대한 관련성을 규명한 것이다. 좌뇌 기반으로 알려진 영어학습에 대한 우뇌적 요인에 대한 연구들이 진행되었다. 뇌기능 영상화 중에서 정량뇌파분석를 사용하여 영어학습에 관여하는 뇌 영역별 정량뇌파 결과를 분석함으로써 영어학습을 뇌 영역별 활성화로 변별할 수 있는 기준을 마련한 것이다. 영어학습의 좌우뇌 균형발달을 위한 지침을 제시하였으며 특정 학습영역과 연계한 뇌의 활성화를 제시함으로써 개인별 뇌 기능에 따른 영어학습 향상을 위한 뇌기능을 훈련할 수 있는 이론적 토대를 마련하였다 (권형규, 2008). 이를 통하여 단순한 이미지와 오감을 활용한 우뇌적 학습방향이 아니라 개인별 정량뇌파 데이터에 의한 통합뇌 훈련모형을 개발하였다. 정량뇌파 분석을 위해서는 피험자 개인별 영어능력 검사점수에 대한 뇌파지표를 도출하여 단계적 변수선택법에 의한 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.2 (2)
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• pp.232-234
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• 2002

EEG-based brain computer interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between human brain and computer. The classification of EEG data is an important task in EEG-based BCI. In this paper we present methods which jointly employ principal component analysis (PCA) and linear dynamical system (LDS) modeling for the task of EEG classification. Experimental study for the classification of EEG data during imagination of a left or right hand movement confirms the validity of our proposed methods.