• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.194-208
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• 2003

Objective : Recently, many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. We performed electro-acupuncture on Taixi(K3) and observed the change of brain activity using fMRI. Methods : To see the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Taixi(K3), the experiment was carried out on twelve healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body fMRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on K3, 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. Result & Conclusions : Unilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on K3 increased the brain activity in Brodman Area 8, 6, 9, 13, 21, 22, 38, 40, 43, 2, 5, 10, 20, 24, 32, 34, 37, 39, 41, 42. and decreased the brain activity in Brodman Area 9, 13, 38, 22, 31, 3, 6, 10, 21, 25, 29, 30. Group Averaged Brain activity induced by Unilateral Electro-acupuncture Stimulation on K3 was increased in Brodman Area 10, 22, 42, 43, 44 and was decreased inn Brodman Area 6 and pyrogen test of Bee venom. Bilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on k3 increased the brain activity in Brodman Area 22, 3, 19, 4, 13, 17, 21, 41, 42, 2, 5, 6, 7, 18, 23, 29, 30, 31, 40 and decreased the brain activity in Brodman Area 18, 6, 39, 4, 13, 2, 10, 19, 36, 40, 45, 46, 47. Group Averaged Brain activity induced by Bilateral Electro-acupuncture Stimulation on K3 was increased in Brodman Area 22, 13, 4, 3, 29, 38, 43 and was decreased in Brodman Area 18, 3, 19, 22, 39. Motor Stimulation activated Brodmann Area 6, 43, 18.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.259-259
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• 1994

Protein kinase C (PKC) participates in many cellular signal transduction. Previously we found that PKC activity of whole rat brain was altered after an exposure to cold temperature of 4 $^{\circ}C$ (Lee and Choi, Exp. Neurobiol., 2, 6, 1993). In this time PKC activity in each region of rat brain was investigated in order to know each regions is affected mostly by the stress.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Otago exercise combined with action observation training on changes of the brain activity of the elderly. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty elderly women in the experiment were included. Participants were randomly assigned to the Otago combined with action observation training group, the Otago exercise group, and the control group (10 in each group). The Otago combined with action observation training group and the Otago exercise group performed the strength and balance exercises of the Otago exercise program for 50 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. The Otago combined with action observation training group underwent additional action observation training for the Otago movement for 20 minutes three times a week. No intervention was performed in the control group. PolyG-1 (LAXTHA Inc., Daejeon, Korea) was used to measure the changes in the brain activity following intervention. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the effects among the groups and a post-hoc test was performed. Results: The relative mu rhythms in the F3, C3, and C4 regions were significantly increased in the Otago combined with action observation training group. Relative beta wave activity in the Fp1, F3, F3, and C3 regions was significantly increased in the Otago combined with action observation training group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the Otago exercise combined with action observation training was effective for promoting the brain activity of the elderly.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 1986

The responses of brain acetylcholinesterase(Ach-E) and plasma cholinesterase (Ch-E) activities were studied in chicknes given oral doses of Terbufos(S-tert-butyl thiomethyl 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate), an organophosphorus insecticide. The acute oral $LD_{50}$ of terbufos was 1.82mg/kg. The activity of plasma Ch-E was inhibited more rapidly than that of brain Ach-E, whereas recovery of plasma Ch-E activity was more rapid than that of brain Ach-E. Recovery of brain Ach-E and plasma Ch-E was followed the model $Y=a+b(log_{10}X)$. Brain Ach-E activity and plasma Ch-E were inhibited 83% and 94%, respectively, at 60min after administered oral $LD_{50}$. Brain Ach-E and plasma Ch-E was inhibited in vitro by Terbufos

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 1989

Papaverine administration produced significant increases in acetylcholinesterase activity in cerebral cortex and striatum of rat brain. Two related compounds, tetrahydropapaverine and tetrahydropapaveroline, also gave similar effects. However, their actions seem to be indirect because papaverine has no in vitro effect on the enzymatic activity.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1988

A personal computer-based brain map is described which will display a gray scale maps showing the distribution of signals derived from the electrical activity of the brain such as EEG or EP This topographic brain mapping system has a flexibility which describe the electrode number and placement mapping onto any shaped space and generate a brain maps by incoorporated the data acquisition and processing software with conventional EEG machine.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1997

This experiment was done to investigate the antioxidant effect of Ondamtang(ODT) on brain tissues of rats. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows for a fifteen days ; Negative control group(NC), Vitamin E admistrated group(PC), ODT administrated Group(ODT). After the extracting microsome from brain of rats, those were measured the amounts of Malondiadehyde and Hydrogen peroxide, then activities of antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductadse. The results were as follows; 1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of brain tissue of rats, the group treated by ODT showed significant decrease. 2. In the formation of Hydrogen peroxide, the group treated by ODT showed no change in comparison with normal group. 3. The activity of SOD in the group treated by ODT showed a little increase in comparison with normal group. 4. The activity of Catalase was increased significantly in the group treated by ODT than normal group. 5. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the group treated by ODT showed a little increase in comparison with normal group. According to the above results, it is suggested that Ondamtang(ODT) has some antioxidant effects on tissues of brain.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the effect of soy isoflavones on brain development and function in rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were provided diets containing different levels of soy isoflavones for 6 weeks; 0 ppm (control), 50 ppm (low isoflavone intake; LI), 250 ppm (medium isoflavone intake; MI) and 500 ppm (high isoflavone intake; HI). Learning ability was evaluated by a Y-shaped water maze and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in brain was assayed after decapitation. Food intake and body weights as well as weights of brain, liver, spleen, heart and kidney showed no significant difference among the four groups, which means 500 ppm of isoflavones is safe. In the water maze test, the frequency of error counted when rats entered one end of the alley without platform was significantly lower in the HI group than in the control group, and the escape latency as swim time taken to escape on the hidden platform was significantly shorter in the HI group than in the LI and control groups. The activity of acetylcholinesterase of the brain was significantly higher in the HI and MI groups than in the control group. Therefore, the results indicate that isoflavones may improve the cognitive function without adverse effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.23 no.57
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• pp.51-62
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• 2000

In this study, the psycho-physiological response of drivers was investigated in terms of EEG(Electroencephalogram), especially with the fractal dimensions computed by Chaotic algorithm. The Chaotic algorithm Is well Known to sensitively analyze the non-linear information such as brain waves. An automobile with a fully equipped data acquisition system was used to collect the data. Ten healthy subjects participated in the experiment. EEG data were collected while subjects were driving the car between Won-ju and Shin-gal J.C. on Young-Dong highway The results were presented in terms of 3-Dimensional attractor to confirm the chaotic nature of the EEG data. The correlation dimension and fractal dimension were calculated to evaluate the complexity of the brain activity as the driving duration changes. In particular, the fractal dimension indicated a difference between the driving condition and non-driving condition while other spectral variables showed inconsistent results. Based upon the fractal dimension, drivers processed the most information at the beginning of the highway driving and the amount of brain activity gradually decreased and stabilized. No particular decrease of brain activity was observed even after 100 km driving. Considering the sensitivity and consistency of the analysis by Chaotic algorithm, the fractal dimension can be a useful parameter to evaluate the psycho-physiological responses of human brain at various driving conditions.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

The effect of Samyonjihwangtang(SJT) on th level of brain antioxidants was examined in aged rat. Samyongjihwangtang(SJT) is assed Cervi Pantiri-chum Cornu, Ginseng Radix to Yukmijihwangtang. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows ; normal group(NC), Vt.E administrated group(PC), SJT administrated Group(SJT). From the purified microsome of brain tissue, those were measures the amounts of oxidant materials like malonaldehyde(MDA) and H_2O_2, then activities of antioxidants enxymes like Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.The results were as follows;1. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of brain tissue of aged rat, both treated groups showed significant decrease.2. In the formation of Hydrogen peroxide, the treated group(SJT) showed a little decrease.3. The activity of Superoxide dismutase was increased significantly in both treated groups than normal group.4. the activity of Catalase was increased significantly in both treated groups than normal group. 5. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the treated group(SJT) showed a little increase.According to the above results, it is suggested that Samyongjihwangtag(SJT) has some antioxidant effects on the tissue of brain.