• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.488-501
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• 2008

The purpose of this study presents bra pattern using the 3D measurements of the upper body subject to women in their 30's. Brassieres available in the market are mostly designed for straight body shape and many women seem to have experienced bearing discomfort in a great extent as they grow older. Brassieres should be designed to cover diverse body types and the accurate measurement of body type and breast shape is needed to accomplish that. As for the study method, 3D human body types were analyzed with RapidForm 2006, and the upper-body types and breast shapes were statistically classified through technical statistics analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, variance analysis, and cross analysis. The wearing tests went through the comparison of the brassieres of three makers in the market and the experiment brassieres(first and second) and then the evaluations were made by the subjects, the outer appearance assessment by experts, and 3D measurements. The results of this study showed that the evaluation of experiment brassieres was excellent in every item, and the significant difference was found out particularly in the items of pressure, rear center, front center, breast underneath, adequate level by wing, and adequate level by armhole. According to the results of 3D evaluation, experiment brassieres had a highest point in fitness with no physical pressure at the wing part and no overall deviation at the cup part.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

IL-28RA is one of the important candidate genes for complex trait of genetic diseases, but there are only a few published results for this gene. Previously, we identified eighteen SNPs and two variation sites in the entire coding regions of IL-28RA including promoter regions, and suggested that the g.32349G>A polymorphism of IL-28RA might be associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis. In this study, we chose seven SNPs (g.-1193A>C, g.-30C>T, g.17654C>T, g.27798A>G, g.31265C>T, g.31911C>T and g.32349G>A) of IL-28RA, and attempted to find out whether these polymorphisms were furtherassociated with genetic predisposition of asthma. We analyzed the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-28RA polymorph isms between the asthma patients and healthy controls. We also investigated the frequencies of haplotype constructed by these SNPs between asthma patients and controls. Our results suggest that the polymorphisms of IL-28RA gene were not associated with susceptibility to asthma, and not with IgE production and eosinophil recruitment. The haplotype frequencies by these SNPs also not significantly associated between the healthy controls and asthma patients. This result indicates that the IL -2BRA polymorphisms might be not associated withasthma susceptibility.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2021

This study was intended to compare the comfort of wearing each type of commercially available bralette. The trial wearing experiment was conducted on five women in their 20s who wear an average Korean bra size of 70A. The experimental bralettes were of four types: a bralette with both hooks and pads and a bralette without both, a bralette with hooks but no pads, and a bralette with pads but no hooks. The wearing test results are as follows. First, in terms of functional satisfaction, the padded bralette provided the greatest satisfaction in supporting the chest from the bottom up and bringing it to the center, and the bralette without the pad provided the least satisfaction. In addition, the level of convenience of attaching/detaching was about twice as high in the bralette with hooks than those without hooks. Chest compression was found to be greater in bralettes without hooks than in those with hooks. In terms of the pressure on the shoulder strap and on the lower chest band, it was found that bralettes with hooks had a greater sense of pressure than those without. In the appearance characteristics test, the unpadded bralettes scored higher than the padded one in the matter of feeling embarrassed, because in unpadded bralettes, the nipples were exposed underneath the clothes . This study is meaningful in classifying the design of the bralette and evaluating the fit for each design in the absence of prior research on the bralette.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

Background The dorsolateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery (DLBPI) can be easily found while harvesting a latissimus dorsi (LD) musculocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction. However, it remains unknown whether this branch can be used for a free flap and whether this branch alone can provide perfusion to the skin. We examined whether the DLBPI could be reliably found and whether it could provide sufficient perfusion. Methods We dissected 10 fresh cadavers and counted DLBPIs with a diameter larger than 2 mm. For each DLBPI, the following parameters were measured: distance from the lateral margin of the LD muscle, level of the intercostal space, distance from the spinal process, and distance from the inferior angle of the scapula. Results The DLBPI was easily found in all cadavers and was reliably located in the specified area. The average number of DLBPIs was 1.65. They were located between the seventh and eleventh intercostal spaces. The average length of the DLBPI between the intercostal space and the LD muscle was 4.82 cm. To assess the perfusion of the DLBPIs, a lead oxide mixture was injected through the branch and observed using X-rays, and it showed good perfusion. Conclusions The DLBPI can be used as a pedicle in free flaps for small defects. DLBPI flaps have some limitations, such as a short pedicle. However, an advantage of this branch is that it can be reliably located through simple dissection. For women, it has the advantage of concealing the donor scar underneath the bra band.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1995

Antioxidant effect of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated in rats. Long-term administration of ginseng water extract protected the activity of liver cytosotic SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase from being significantly decreased with advancing age (p<0.05). It was more effective toward glutathione peroxidase than other antioxidant enzymes. However, the level of sulfhydryl compounds and its related enzymes such as glutathione reductase and glutathione-5-transferase was not significantly changed by the administration of ginseng. Liver microsomal formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide did not show a significant difference between two groups although it was slightly decreased with age, but lipid peroxidizability of microsomal membrane induced by a prooxidant was slightly lower in ginseng-treated rats. Interestingly, antioxidant capacity of plasma from ginseng treated rats on autooxidation of ok-brain homogenates was much higher than that of normal ones. However, resistance of RBC membrane against oxidative stress showed a similar tendency. The content of serum TBA reactive substances lowered consistently in the rats treated with r ginseng at all corresponding age and a significant difference between two groups was found at 24 months of age (p<0.05). Ginseng extract protected lipid peroxidation in brain and liver. This protection was more effective in the stressed rats imposed by immobilization than normal ones. In conclusion, ginseng water extract protected the age related deterioration of major antioxidant enzymes, and this effect was more striking with increasing duration of treatment. This comprehensive antioxidant action of ginseng seems to be bra certain action of ginseng other than a direct antioxidant action, which might be a long term normalizing effect through the harmony of various components.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.873-879
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• 2023

본 연구는 인공지능(AI)을 사용하여 흉부 엑스레이 이미지에서 이물질을 탐지하는 방법을 탐구하였다. 의료영상학, 특히 흉부 엑스레이는 폐렴이나 폐암과 같은 질병을 진단하는 데 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 영상의학 검사가 증가함에 따라 AI는 효율적이고 빠른 진단을 위한 중요한 도구가 되었다. 하지만 이미지에는 단추나 브래지어 와이어와 같은 일상적인 장신구를 포함한 이물질이 포함될 수 있어 정확한 판독을 방해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 이물질을 정확하게 식별하는 AI 알고리즘을 개발하였고, 미국 국립보건원 흉부 엑스레이 데이터셋을 가공하여 YOLOv8 모델을 기반으로 처리하였다. 그 결과 정확도, 정밀도, 리콜, F1-score가 모두 0.91에 가까울 정도로 높은 탐지 성능을 보였다. 이번 연구는 AI의 뛰어난 성능에도 불구하고 이미지 내 이물질로 인해 판독 결과가 왜곡될 수 있는 문제점을 해결함으로써 영상의학 분야에서 AI의 혁신적인 역할과 함께, 임상 구현에 필수적인 정확성에 기반하여 신뢰성을 강조하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

Objective: To comparatively evaluate the scan coverage and diagnostic performance of the two-view scan technique (2-VST) of the automated breast ultrasound system (ABUS) versus the conventional three-view scan technique (3-VST) in women with small breasts. Materials and Methods: Between March 2016 and May 2017, 136 asymptomatic women with small breasts (bra cup size A) suitable for 2-VST were enrolled. Subsequently, 272 breasts were subjected to bilateral whole-breast ultrasound examinations using ABUS and the hand-held ultrasound system (HHUS). During ABUS image acquisition, one breast was scanned with 2-VST, while the other breast was scanned with 3-VST. In each breast, the breast coverage and visibility of the HHUS detected lesions on ABUS were assessed. The sensitivity and specificity of ABUS were compared between 2-VST and 3-VST. Results: Among 136 breasts, eight cases of breast cancer were detected by 2-VST, and 10 cases of breast cancer were detected by 3-VST. The breast coverage was satisfactory in 94.1% and 91.9% of cases under 2-VST and 3-VST, respectively (p = 0.318). All HHUS-detected lesions were visible on the ABUS images regardless of the scan technique. The sensitivities and specificities were similar between 2-VST and 3-VST (100% [8/8] vs. 100% [10/10], and 97.7% [125/128] vs. 95.2% [120/126], respectively), with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: 2-VST of ABUS achieved comparable scan coverage and diagnostic performance to that of conventional 3-VST in women with small breasts.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

목 적: 유방암 치료를 위한 방사선치료계획에 전산화단층촬영을 이용한 모의치료가 널리 이용되고 있다. 이는 환자 개개인의 해부학적 특징에 기반하여 종양 표적과 정상 조직을 정의할 수 있다. 본 연구는 일반적으로 유방 크기가 작은 한국인 유방암 환자에서 적용하는 방사선치료계획 방법에 따라 치료용적 및 치료범위에 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 11월부터 2009년 1월까지 조기유방암으로 유방보존술을 시행 받은 25명의 환자를 대상으로 통상적인 접면조사의 이차원치료 계획과 전산화단층촬영을 기반으로 한 삼차원치료계획을 시행하였다. 이차원 치료계획에서 방사선조사영역의 경계는 유방실질을 촉지하여 결정하였고 위쪽으로는 쇄골의 바로 아래, 내측은 몸의 정중선, 외측은 중심 액와선 그리고 아래쪽은 유방밑주름에서 2 cm 아래에 표시하였다. 삼차원치료계획에서 임상표적체적은 모든 유선 조직을 포함하였고 계획용 표적체적은 임상표적체적에서 피부 쪽을 제외한 모든 방향으로 1 cm의 여유를 두어 결정하였다. 이차원과 삼차원치료계획 간의 조사영역의 경계 차이 및 동등조사영역의 차이를 확인하고 신체질량지수, 폐경 여부 및 유방크기의 관련성을 평가하였다. 그리고 선량분포로 지정한 유방조사량과 삼차원 선량분포에 기반하여 측정된 조사된 폐용적과 심장용적을 평가하였다. 결 과: 2명의 환자를 제외하고 계획용표적체적(PTV)은 삼차원치료계획이 이차원치료계획보다 모든 방향에서 표시한 방사선조사영역을 감소시켰고 위쪽 경계에서 그 차이값이 가장 컸다. 동등조사영역크기는 한 명을 제외하고 삼차원치료계획에서 이차원치료계획에서보다 작았으며(평균 0.9 cm), 신체질량지수, 폐경 여부 및 유방크기(브래지어 사이즈)와의 관련성은 보이지 않았다. 조사된 폐용적은 삼차원치료계획에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 심장용적 또한 감소하였지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 통상적인 치료계획과 비교하여 전산화단층촬영을 기반으로 한 삼차원치료계획이 작은 유방을 가진 환자에서 방사선조사영역 및 손상위험장기의 조사량을 줄이면서 수술 후 변화를 포함하여 더 정확한 종양치료가 가능할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 그러나 앞으로 임상표적체적의 정의에 대한 추가적인 연구 및 일반적인 합의가 필요하다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.576-587
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• 2020

Objectives: This study calculated local residents exposures to VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) released into the atmosphere using the CalTOX model and carried out uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis. The model validity was analyzed by comparing the predicted and the actual atmospheric concentrations. Methods: Uncertainty was parsed by conducting a Monte Carlo simulation. Sensitivity was dissected with the regression (coefficients) method. The model validity was analyzed by applying r² (coefficient of determination), RMSE (root mean square error), and the Nash-Sutcliffe EI (efficiency index) formula. Results: Among the concentrations in the atmosphere in this study, benzene was the highest and the lifetime average daily dose of benzene and the average daily dose of xylene were high. In terms of the sensitivity analysis outcome, the source term to air, exposure time, indoors resting (ETri), exposure time, outdoors at home (ETao), yearly average wind speed (v_w), contaminated area in ㎡ (Area), active breathing rate (BRa), resting breathing rate (BRr), exposure time, and active indoors (ETai) were elicited as input variables having great influence upon this model. In consequence of inspecting the validity of the model, r² appeared to be a value close to 1 and RMSE appeared to be a value close to 0, but EI indicated unacceptable model efficiency. To supplement this value, the regression formula was derived for benzene with y=0.002+15.48x, ethylbenzene with y ≡ 0.001+57.240x, styrene with y=0.000+42.249x, toluene with y=0.004+91.588x, and xylene with y=0.000+0.007x. Conclusions: In consequence of inspecting the validity of the model, r² appeared to be a value close to 1 and RMSE appeared to be a value close to 0, but EI indicated unacceptable model efficiency. This will be able to be used as base data for securing the accuracy and reliability of the model.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2000

화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)) 유충에 기생하는 보리나방살이고치벌 (Bra-con hebetor Say)의 발육을 장일조건(16시간 광)의 5가지 정온 조건(17, 20, 25, 28 and 32$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$)에서 조사하였다. 보리나방살이고치벌의 전발육기간은 온도가 17$^{\circ}C$에서 32$^{\circ}C$로 상승함에 따라 암컷과 수컷에서 각각 28.6$\pm$0.50일과 28.1$\pm$0.51일에서부터 9.3$\pm$0.09일과 9.2$\pm$0.09일로 감소하였다. 알의 발육은 32$^{\circ}C$에서 지연되었다. 고치벌의 발육과 온도와의 관계는 조합모형으로 잘 설명되었으며 ($R^2$>0.99), 각 충태별 저온발육임계온도는 알, 유충, 번데기에서 각각 14.0, 12.8, $15.1^{\circ}C$으로 추정되었다. 그러나 경계역을 제외한 정상발육이 예상되는 저온한계는 각각 14.0, 17.5, $15.1^{\circ}C$로 추정되었다. 타 충태에 비해 유충의 발육임계역이 넓은 것으로 추정됨으로써 유충이 타 충태에 비해 온도에 대한 감수도가 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 본 실험에서 나타난 고치벌의 발육과 온도와의 관계는 다른 지역에서 보고된 바와 부분적으로 차이를 보였으며 이로 미루어 이 고치벌이 다른 지역에 분포하는 개체군과는 상이한 생태형인 것으로 판단된다.