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Prediction of Alcohol Consumption Based on Biosignals and Assessment of Driving Ability According to Alcohol Consumption (생체 신호 기반 음주량 예측 및 음주량에 따른 운전 능력 평가)

  • Park, Seung Won;Choi, Jun won;Kim, Tae Hyun;Seo, Jeong Hun;Jeong, Myeon Gyu;Lee, Kang In;Kim, Han Sung
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2022
  • Drunk driving defines a driver as unable to drive a vehicle safely due to drinking. To crack down on drunk driving, alcohol concentration evaluates through breathing and crack down on drinking using S-shaped courses. A method for assessing drunk driving without using BAC or BrAC is measurement via biosignal. Depending on the individual specificity of drinking, alcohol evaluation studies through various biosignals need to be conducted. In this study, we measure biosignals that are related to alcohol concentration, predict BrAC through SVM, and verify the effectiveness of the S-shaped course. Participants were 8 men who have a driving license. Subjects conducted a d2 test and a scenario evaluation of driving an S-shaped course when they attained BrAC's certain criteria. We utilized SVR to predict BrAC via biosignals. Statistical analysis used a one-way Anova test. Depending on the amount of drinking, there was a tendency to increase pupil size, HR, normLF, skin conductivity, body temperature, SE, and speed, while normHF tended to decrease. There was no apparent change in the respiratory rate and TN-E. The result of the D2 test tended to increase from 0.03% and decrease from 0.08%. Measured biosignals have enabled BrAC predictions using SVR models to obtain high Figs in primary and secondary cross-validations. In this study, we were able to predict BrAC through changes in biosignals and SVMs depending on alcohol concentration and verified the effectiveness of the S-shaped course drinking control method.

Optimal design of water distribution system using modified hybrid vision correction algorithm (Modified hybrid vision correction algorithm을 활용한 상수관망 최적설계)

  • Ryu, Yong Min;Lee, Eui Hoon
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.55 no.spc1
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    • pp.1271-1282
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    • 2022
  • The optimal design of Water Distribution System (WDS) is used in various ways according to the purpose set by the user. The optimal design of WDS has various purposes, such as minimizing costs and minimizing energy generated when manufacturing pipes. In this study, based on the Modified Hybrid Vision Correction Algorithm (MHVCA), a cost-optimal design was conducted for various WDSs. We also propose a new evaluation index, Best Rate (BR). BR is an evaluation index developed based on the K-mean Clustering Algorithm. Through BR, a comparison was made on the possibility of searching for the optimal design of each algorithm used in the optimal design of WDS. The results of MHVCA for WDS were compared with Vision Correction Algorithm (VCA) and Hybrid Vision Correction Algorithm (HVCA). MHVCA showed a lower cost design than VCA and HVCA. In addition, MHVCA showed better probability of lower cost designs than VCA and HVCA. MHVCA will be able to show good results when applied to the optimal design of WDS for various purposes as well as the optimal design of WDS for cost minimization applied in this study.

Comparison of protein and amino acid content in selected cultivars of non-glutinous rice in Korea

  • So-Jung, Kim;Min Joo, Kim;Su Hyeon, Lee;Youngmin, Choi;Sung, Jeehye;Dongwon, Seo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.1015-1026
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    • 2021
  • The objective of this study was to determine amino acid and protein contents of brown and milled non-glutinous rice of 13 cultivars in Korea. Protein contents of MRs (milled rices) were in order of Haepum (7.27%) > Hanareum No. 4 (7.14%) > Odae (6.84%). Protein contents of BRs (brown rices) were in order of Haepum (7.68%) > Odae (7.63%) > Hanareum No. 4 (7.60%). The amino acid content was the highest in Haepum (MR 5.76%, BR 6.49%), followed by Haedeul (MR 5.71%, BR 6.30%), and Odae (MR 5.63%, BR 6.29%). The essential amino acid contents of non-glutinous rices were in order of Haepum (MR 2.34%, BR 2.57%) > Haedeul (MR 2.31%, BR 2.48%) > Odae (MR 2.20%, BR 2.56%). The contents of amino acid and protein in BRs were considerably higher than those in MRs. Protein and most of amino acid contents were higher in Haepum than the other cultivars. The certificated reference material (CRM) 1849a (infant/adults nutritional formular) from National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) was used as the test sample to determine the precision and accuracy of the analytical method. The regression analyses revealed good correlations (correlation coefficient), greater than 0.99. The recovery values of the amino acids ranged from 93.17 to 99.59%. The limit of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.01 - 0.07 mg·100 g-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.03 - 0.21 mg·100 g-1 for all analytes.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ion Exchange Particles for Application of Anion Exchange Membrane (음이온교환막 적용을 위한 이온교환입자의 합성 및 특성평가)

  • Dong Jun Lee;Kwang Seop Im;Ka Yeon Ryu;Sang Yong Nam
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.137-147
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    • 2023
  • In this study, Br-PPO was developed by applying additive organic particles through a suspension polymerization synthesis method. The anion exchange membrane fuel cell system performance was evaluated using it to an anion exchange membrane. To improve the performance, organic ion exchange particles were prepared and added to the anion exchange membrane. Chemical structure analysis and synthesis were determined through FT-IR and NMR, and tensile strength and thermal stability were measured through TGA and UTM to determine whether it could be driven. Before the anion exchange membrane fuel cell test, the performance was evaluated by measuring the ion conductivity and ion exchange capacity. Finally, the Br-PPO-TMA-SDV (0.7%) anion exchange membrane with excellent ion conductivity and ion exchange capacity was introduced into the fuel cell system. Its performance was compared with FAA-3-50, a commercial membrane, to determine whether it could be introduced into a fuel cell system.

Pre-harvest Sprouting Tolerance Test in Rice with Floury Endosperm

  • Su Kyung Ha;Seo Ho Shin;Hyun-Sook Lee;Chang-Min Lee;Seung Young Lee;Jae-Ryoung Park;Ji-Ung Jeung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.213-213
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    • 2022
  • Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS) refers to germinating seeds in the mother plant before harvesting under low dormancy and humid climate, deteriorating grain quality, and rice yield. Rice varieties with floury endosperm(RFE) have been developed to boost domestic rice consumption by invigorating the processed rice industry, reducing milling and environmental cost. However, the PHS tolerance of RFE is relatively low in the rice varieties with transparent endosperm(RTE) since they soak moisture rapidly due to soft endosperm. In this study, Baromi2(BR2), floury endosperm, and Jomyeong1(JM1), PHS tolerance donor, were crossed to improve PHS tolerance. Major agronomic traits and PHS tolerance test of ten F7(BR2/JM1) lines were conducted in NICS, 2022. The evaluations of PHS were carried out according to the method of RDA(2012) with slight modifications. Briefly, three panicles were treated and incubated 25℃ in a growth chamber 35 days after the heading date. Ten PHS tolerance promising lines demonstrated floury endosperm. The heading date of BR2 and JM1 was 7/27 and 8/5, respectively. The heading date of promising lines was 7/23~8/10. The PHS rate of BR2 and JM1 exhibited 56.3% and 10.7%, respectively. However, the PHS rate often promising lines demonstrated 2.4%~52.4%, 3 lines significantly lower than BR2. Further studies such as ABA contents are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of PHS tolerance in BR2/JM1. These results may contribute to developing elite RFE lines with improved PHS tolerance.

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Thermal impacts on transcriptome of Pectoralis major muscle collected from commercial broilers, Thai native chickens and its crossbreeds

  • Yuwares Malila;Tanaporn Uengwetwanit;Pornnicha Sanpinit;Wipakarn Songyou;Yanee Srimarut;Sajee Kunhareang
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.61-73
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    • 2024
  • Objective: The main objective of this study was to define molecular mechanisms associated with thermal stress responses of chickens from commercial broilers (BR, Ross 308), Thai native chickens (NT) and crossbreeds between BR×NT (H75). Methods: Twenty days before reaching specific market age, chickens from each breed were divided into control and thermal-stressed groups. The stressed groups were exposed to a cyclic thermal challenge (35℃±1℃ for 6 h, followed by 26℃±1℃ for 18 h) for 20 days. Control group was raised under a constant temperature of 26℃±1℃. Pectoralis major (n = 4) from each group was collected for transcriptome analysis using HiSeq Illumina and analysis of glycogen and lactate. Gene expression patterns between control and thermal-stressed groups were compared within the same breeds. Results: Differentially expressed transcripts of 65, 59, and 246 transcripts for BR, NT, and H75, respectively, were revealed by RNA-Seq and recognized by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. Pathway analysis underlined altered glucose homeostasis and protein metabolisms in all breeds. The signals centered around phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling in all breeds with slight differences in molecular signal transduction patterns among the breeds. An extensive apoptosis was underlined for BR. Roles of AMPK, MAPK signaling and regulation of actin cytoskeleton in adaptive response were suggested for H75 and NT chickens. Lower glycogen content was observed in the breast muscles of BR and NT (p<0.01) compared to their control counterparts. Only BR muscle exhibited increased lactate (p<0.01) upon exposure to the stress. Conclusion: The results provided a better comprehension regarding the associated biological pathways in response to the cyclic thermal stress in each breed and in chickens with different growth rates.

Origin of B, Br and Sr in Groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, with Emphasis on Hydrochemistry (지하수의 수질화학적 특징과 붕소, 브롬, 스트론튬 성인에 대한 고찰)

  • Choo, Chang-Oh;Lee, Jin-Kook;Lee, Chang-Joo;Park, Ki-Ho;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.235-250
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    • 2009
  • Environmental elements such as B, Br, and Sr in groundwater from Bukahn-myeon, Yeongcheon, Gyeongbuk Province, were investigated in order to know their origin with emphasis on hydrochemistry. pH ranges from 7.37 to 8.39. B content is 0.41${\sim}$4.62 mg/L with an average 1.74 mg/L and Br content is 0${\sim}$3.24 mg/L with an average 2.22 mg/L, and Sr content is 0.93${\sim}$8.64 mg/L with an average 2.76 mg/L. The water types plotted by the Piper diagram are different but mostly $Ca-HCO_3$. Some constituents contributing to EC are Na, $SO_4$, Cl with high determinative coefficients($R^2$) of 0.85, 0.70, 0.90, respectively. The coefficients($R^2$) of Cl to Na, K, $SO_4$ are 0.54, 0.68, 0.53, respectively. It should be noted that there are high cocfficients($R^2$) of B-Sr and $Sr-SO_4$ with 0.65, 0.64, respectively. The Cl/Br ratios are 5.21${\sim}$30.70 due to significant depletion of Cl. The $SO_4/Cl$ ratios are 1.32${\sim}$27.24 with an average of 5.92, ascribed to abundant introduction of $SO_4$ or significant depletion of Cl. Chemical speciation calculated shows that B exists mostly as $H_3BO_3$ with less $H_2BO^-_3$ and Br exists as only $Br^-$. Sr exists mostly as $Sr^2$ with less $SO_4$. Saturation index represents that goundwater is supersaturated with respect to barite, kaolinite, illite, K-mica, and smectite while it is slightly undersaturated with respect to silica, gypsum, anhydrite, talc, chrysotile, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, K-mica, and smectite. The saturation index of celestine is -2.23${\sim}$-0.13 indicating more Sr can be incorporated into groundwater. Groundwater is still much undersaturated to halite. It is likely that the origin of S and Sr was related to the Yucheon volcanic rocks. Br might be originated from the local geological features with introduction of anthropogenic matters.

Extraction Equilibrium of Acrylic Acid by Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Using Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids (친수성 이온성 액체를 이용한 수상이성분계에서의 아크릴산 추출 평형)

  • Lee, Yong Hwa;Lee, Woo Youn;Kim, Ki-Sub;Hong, Yeon Ki
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.52 no.5
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    • pp.627-631
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    • 2014
  • As an effective method for extraction of acrylic acid, aqueous two-phase systems based on morpholinium ionic liquids were used in this study. Effects of the alkyl chain length of cation in morpholinium ionic liquids on phase diagram and extraction efficiencies were investigated. Experimental results show that aqueous two phase systems can be formed by adding appropriate amount of morpholinium ionic liquids to aqueous $K_2HPO_4$ solutions. It can be found that the ability of morpholinium ionic liquids for phase separation followed the order [HMMor][Br]>[OMMor][Br]>[BMMor][Br]>[EMMor][Br]. There was little difference between binodal curves of imidazolium ionic liquids and those of morpholinium ionic liquids. 50~90% of the extraction efficiency was observed for acrylic acid by aqueous two phase extraction of acrylic acid with morpholinium ionic liquids. It can be concluded that morpholinium ionic liquids/$K_2HPO_4$ were effective for aqueous two phases extraction of acrylic acid comparing to imidazolium ionic liquids/$K_2HPO_4$ systems because of their lower cost.

Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids (이미다졸계 이온성 액체의 물성)

  • Oh, Sooyeoun;Kang, Jeong Won;Park, Byung Heung;Kim, Ki-Sub
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.708-712
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    • 2012
  • Ionic liquids (ILs) existing as liquid state at room temperature are composed of a immense heterocyclic cation and inorganic anion which is smaller than cation's size. Thus, the species of cation and anion as well as the length of alkyl group on the cation have influence on their physical properties. Their outstanding properties such as non-volatility, thermal stability and wide range of electrochemical stability make these materials excellent candidates for green solvent which can substitute the conventional organic solvents. In this study, ILs based on imidazolium cation have been synthesized such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM][Br]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] [Cl]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ([BMIM][I]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][$BF_4$]). The density, viscosity, refractive index, heat capacity and ionic conductivity of [BMIM][Br], [BMIM][I], and [BMIM] [$BF_4$] were measured over range of temperature of 293.2 to 323.2 K. The density and refractive index values of [BMIM][I] were the highest among three ILs and the viscosity values of [BMIM][Br] were the highest among three ILs. The heat capacities [BMIM][$BF_4$] were higher than those of [BMIM][Br]. The ionic conductivities of [BMIM][$BF_4$] were higher than those of [BMIM][I].

Characteristics of Chlorination Byproducts Formation of Amino Acid Compounds (아미노산 성분에서의 염소 소독부산물 생성 특성)

  • Son, Hee-Jong;Choi, Young-Ik;Bae, Sang-Dae;Jung, Chul-Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to analyze and determine formation potentials for chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) from twenty amino acid compounds with or without $Br^-$. Two of twenty amino acid compound were tryptophan and tyrosine that were relatively shown high for formation of trihalomethanes (THMs)/dissolved organic carbon (DOC) whether or not $Br^-$ presented. Other 18 compounds were shown low for formation of THMs/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented. Five amino acid compounds that were tryptophan, tyrosine, asparagine, aspartic acid and histidine were shown high for formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs)/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented. Although formation of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was dominated in asparagine, aspartic acid and histidine, trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was dominated in tryptophan and tryptophan. The formation of haloacetnitriles (HANs)/DOC whether or not $Br^-$ presented was high in Aspartic acid, histidine, asparagine, tyrosine and tryptophan. Specially, aspartic acid was detected 660.2 ${\mu}$g/mg (HAN/DOC). Although the formation of chloralhydrate (CH)/DOC was shown high in asparagine, aspartic acid, histidine, methionine, tryptophan and tyrosine, the formation of Chloropicrin (CP)/DOC was low (1 ${\mu}$g/mg) in twenty amino acid compounds. The formations of THM, HAA and HAN were also investigated in functional groups of amino acids. The highest formation of THM was shown in amino acids compounds (tryptophan and tyrosine) with an aromatic functional group. Highest, second-highest, third-highest and fourth-highest functional groups for formation of HAA were aromatic, neutral, acidic and basic respectively. In order of increasing functional groups for formation of HAN were acidic, basic, neutral and aromatic.