• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2022

A HAZID is a brainstorming workshop to identify hazards in an early phase of a project. It should be flexible to capture all probable accidents allowing experienced participants to exploit their expertise and experiences. A bowtie analysis is a graphical representation of major accident hazards elaborating safety measures i.e. barriers. The result of these workshops should be documented in an organized manner to share as good as possible details of the discussion through the lifetime of the project. Currently results are documented using a three-step representation of an accident; causes, top event and consequences, which cannot capture correctly sequence of events leading to various accidents and roles of barrier between two events. Another problem is that barriers would be shown repeatedly leading to a misunderstanding that there are an enough number of safety measures. A new bowtie analysis method is proposed to describe an accident in multiple steps showing relations among causes or consequences. With causes and consequences shown in a format of a tree, the frequencies of having the top event (Fault tree analysis) and various consequences (Event tree analysis) are evaluated automatically based on the frequency of initiating causes and the probabilities of failure of barriers. It will provide a good description of the accident scenario and help the risk to be assessed transparently.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 IMT-2000을 목표로 한 핸드셋에 상요할 수 있는 안테나로, 작고 가벼운 평면형 bowtie 안테나를 설계하고 해석하였다. MoM에 기반을 둔 Ensemble 시뮬레이션을 통해 공지주파수를 결정하는 설계 파라미터를 찾고, IMT-2000의 사용주파수에 맞추어 공진이 일어나도록 날개각의 설계 파라미터를 21$^{\circ}$로 고정한 안테나구조에서 Ensemble 심류레이션과 FDTD 수치해석을 이용하여 해석한다. FDTD 방법으로 해석을 하면, FDTD의 정확한 해에도 불구하고, 이 안테나는 상당한 오차를 가지게 되는데, 이유는 bowtie의 경사면 해석에서 계단형 근사 오차로 인한 것이다. 이러한 오차를 줄이기 위해 안테나의 경사면이 있는 각 셀 안에서 도체면/자유공간이 나뉘는 영역을 네 부분으로 구분해 자유공간이 차지하는 면적과 길이의 값을 적용하여 그 셀에서 계산되는 H-field의 값을 수정하는 새로운 알고리즘을 적용하여 보다 정확한 해를 얻는다. 즉, 기본 FDTD에서 반사손실의 협대역 특성이 수정 FDTD 알고리즘으로, 인해, 목적에 맞는 주파수 대역까지 확장될 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2022

Cancers of the lung and liver are the top 10 leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Thus, it is essential to identify the genes specifically expressed in these two cancer types to develop new therapeutics. Although many messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing data related to these cancer cells are available due to the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, optimized data processing methods need to be developed to identify the novel cancer-specific genes. Here, we conducted an analytical comparison between Bowtie2, a Burrows-Wheeler transform-based alignment tool, and Kallisto, which adopts pseudo alignment based on a transcriptome de Bruijn graph using mRNA sequencing data on normal cells and lung/liver cancer tissues. Before using cancer data, simulated mRNA sequencing reads were generated, and the high Transcripts Per Million (TPM) values were compared. mRNA sequencing reads data on lung/liver cancer cells were also extracted and quantified. While Kallisto could directly give the output in TPM values, Bowtie2 provided the counts. Thus, TPM values were calculated by processing the Sequence Alignment Map (SAM) file in R using package Rsubread and subsequently in python. The analysis of the simulated sequencing data revealed that Kallisto could detect more transcripts and had a higher overlap over Bowtie2. The evaluation of these two data processing methods using the known lung cancer biomarkers concludes that in standard settings without any dedicated quality control, Kallisto is more effective at producing faster and more accurate results than Bowtie2. Such conclusions were also drawn and confirmed with the known biomarkers specific to liver cancer.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.379-391
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• 2015

Several risk assessment techniques have been presented and investigated in previous research, focusing mainly on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). FMEA can be employed to determine where failures can occur within industrial systems and to assess the impact of such failures. This research proposes a novel methodology for hazard analysis and risk assessments that integrates FMEA with the bow-tie model. The proposed method has been applied and evaluated in a real industrial process, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, the bowtie diagram of the critical equipment in the adopted plant in the case study was built. Safety critical barriers are identified and each of these is assigned to industrial process with an individual responsible. The detection rating to the failure mode and the values of risk priority number (RPN) are calculated. The analysis shows the high values of RPN are 500 and 490 in this process. A global corrective actions are suggested to improve the RPN measure. Further managerial insights have been provided.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.148-148
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• 2019

Wheat is a very important crop as a food source worldwide, but gluten in wheat causes a variety of allergic reactions. Previous studies have developed ${\omega}-5$ gliadin deleted O-free, known as the central antigen of WDEIA (wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis). In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on the grains and leaves of the allergic-reduced species O-free and their cultivars, Keumkang and Olgeuru, to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEG) based on different cultivars and tissues. Tissues of all species were biologically repeated three times. We used bowtie2 version 2.3.5.1 to get sequence data from RNAseq and used cufflinks and Tophat programs to find DEG. When comparing leaf and grain tissues, a total of 1,244 DEGs were found in the leaf tissues while only 563 DEGs were found in the grain tissues. As a result of gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes, the leaf tissues were mostly included in the "catalytic activity" part of molecular function, "metabolic process" part of biological process, and "membrane" part of cell component. The grain tissues were mostly included in the "metabolic process" part of biological process, "binding" and "catalytic activity" part of molecular function, and "membrane, cell, cell part" parts of cell component. Based on these results, we present information on the differentially expressed genes of the three cultivars of leaves and grains. This study could be an important basis for studying the characteriztion of O-free.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2013

The Asian honeybee, Apis cerana, is a native honeybee species in Korea which is important in agriculture for pollination and honey production. For better understanding of the physiology of A. cerana, high-throughput Illumina transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression profiles of queen, worker, and larva. A total of 219,799,682 clean reads corresponding to 22.2 Gb of nucleotide sequences was obtained from the whole body total RNA samples. The Apis mellifera reference mRNA sequence database was used to measure the gene expression level with Bowtie2 and eXpress software, and the Illumina short reads were then mapped to 11,459 out of 11,736 A. mellifera reference genes. Total of 9,221 genes with FPKM value greater than 5 of each sample group were subjected to eggNOG with BLASTX for gene ontology analysis. The differential gene expression between queen and worker, and worker and larva were analyzed to screen the overexpressed genes in each sample group. In the queen and worker sample group, total of 1,766 genes were differentially expressed with 887 and 879 genes overexpressed over two folds in queen and worker, respectively. In the worker and larva sample group, total of 1,410 genes were differentially expressed with 1,009 and 401 genes overexpressed over two folds in worker and larva, respectively.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

목적: 구면 RGP 렌즈 및 비구면 RGP 렌즈를 양호하게 피팅할 때 중심부와 주변부의 플루레신 염색 면적이 난시도 및 각막형상에 따라 어떻게 달라지는 지를 비교하여 렌즈와 각막과의 정렬상태가 렌즈의 디자인에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 직난시를 가진 19~30세($25.12{\pm}3.52$세)의 90안을 대상으로 구면 및 비구면 RGP 렌즈를 착용시키고 플루레신 염색 패턴을 분석하였으며, 이의 정량적인 평가를 위하여 중심부와 주변부의 면적을 계산하여 비교하였다. 결과: 양호한 피팅이 되는 렌즈의 베이스커브가 구면 RGP 렌즈와 비구면 RGP 렌즈가 동일한 경우는 72%에 달하였으나, 대칭나비형 각막과 높은 난시도를 가진 경우에는 동일한 베이스커브에서 구면 RGP 렌즈와 비구면 RGP 렌즈가 양호한 피팅이 될 가능성이 적어졌다. 양호하게 피팅된 비구면 RGP 렌즈의 주변부 플루레신 염색 면적은 구면 RGP 렌즈보다 더 작았으며, 두 디자인의 렌즈 모두 난시가 심해질수록 주변부 면적은 감소하였고 원형 각막보다도 대칭 나비형 각막에서의 주변부 면적이 더 작았다. 동일한 난시도의 각막에서는 두 각막 형상 모두에서 양호하게 피팅된 비구면 RGP 렌즈의 주변부 플루레신 염색 면적이 더 작았다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 RGP 렌즈의 각막과의 정렬상태의 달라지는 정도가 렌즈 디자인, 각막의 난시도, 각막 형상에 의해 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 렌즈 디자인과 각막의 정렬상태의 정량적인 고찰을 통한 본 연구결과는 RGP 렌즈의 피팅 가이드라인 설정, 적합한 디자인 개발, 부분별 누액양에 대한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.