• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.382-395
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• 2007

The herb, Cajanus indicus L, is well known for its hepatoprotective action. A 43 kD protein has been isolated, purified and partially sequenced from the leaves of this herb. A number of in vivo and in vitro studies carried out in our laboratory suggest that this protein might be a major component responsible for the hepatoprotective action of the herb. Our successive studies have been designed to evaluate the potential efficacy of this protein in protecting the hepatic as well as renal tissues from the sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress. The experimental groups of mice were exposed to NaF at a dose of 600 ppm through drinking water for one week. This exposure significantly altered the activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and the cellular metabolites such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), total thiols, lipid peroxidation end products in liver and kidney compared to the normal mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the protein at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for seven days followed by NaF treatment (600 ppm for next seven days) normalized the activities of the hepato-renal antioxidant enzymes, the level of cellular metabolites and lipid peroxidation end products. Post treatment with the protein for four days showed that it could help recovering the damages after NaF administration. Time-course study suggests that the protein could stimulate the recovery of both the organs faster than natural process. Effects of a known antioxidant, vitamin E, and a non-relevant protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been included in the study to validate the experimental data. Combining all, result suggests that NaF could induce severe oxidative stress both in the liver and kidney tissues in mice and the protein possessed the ability to attenuate that hepato-renal toxic effect of NaF probably via its antioxidant activity.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2008

An 80% EtOH extract and the solvent fractions of the seeds of Cornus officinalis were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation and AGEs-induced protein cross-linking in vitro. In vitro assay for AGEs-bovine serum albumin (BSA) formation showed that the 80% EtOH extract, n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions significantly inhibited AGEs formation with observed $IC_{50}$ values of 1.13, 17.64, 1.52, 1.24 and $3.27{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In indirect AGEs-ELISA assay, the 800% EtOH extract, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions exhibited more potent inhibitory activity on AGEs-BSA formation than aminoguanidine, a well know AGEs inhibitor. Furthermore, the 80% EtOH extract and all the solvent fractions inhibited concentration-dependently AGE-BSA cross-linking to collagen. The 80% EtOH extract, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water fractions also had a breaking activity against preformed AGE-BSA cross-linking concentration dependently. Thus these results suggest that the 80% EtOH extract and fractions of the seeds of C. officinalis could be an inhibitor as well as breaker of AGE-BSA cross-linking.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 역미셀을 이용한 단백질 추출공정에서 적극적으로 활용되지 못했던 양이온 계면활성제에 의한 단백질 추출 가능성을 제시하였으며 초유로부터 IgG의 분리를 위한 반응조건을 조사하였다. IgG의 분리에 적합한 조건은 반응 수용액상의 경우 pH 8, 50 mM KCl었으며 유기용매상의 계면활성제(CDAB) 농도는 100 mM로 나타났다. 위의 조건에서는 초기시료에 존재하는 IgG의 90%이상이 회수되었으며 회수된 단백질의 93%가 IgG로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구는 기존의 역미셀을 이용한 일반적인 단백질 추출공정인 정추출 및 역추출 공정을 이용하지 않고 정추출 공정만을 이용함으로써 추출과정을 단순화하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 1993

본 연구는 2가철-아스코르빈산착체(Fe-Asc)에 의한 파아지 불활화에 있어서 Fe-Asc의 작용부위에 관해 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Fe-Asc의 단백질에 대한 작용에 관하여 우혈청알부민과 J1파아지의 구조단백질을 사용하여 검토한 결과 Fe-Asc의 처리구와 미처리구에 있어서 SDS-폴리아크릴아미드 겔 전기영동패턴, 아미노산 조성 및 자외선 스펙트럼에 변화는 보이지 않았다. 이에 대하여 Fe-Asc를 pUC18 DNA, M13mp8, ${\lambda}$ DNA 및 J1 파아지의 DNA에 작용시키면 아가로오스겔 전기영동패턴에 변화가 보여 사슬절단이 확인되었다. pUC18 DNA는 Fe-Asc와 반응시 먼저 수퍼코일형의 두가닥사슬 DNA의 한쪽 가닥에 절단이 일어나 개환형으로 되고 잇따라 두 가닥 사슬절단이 일어나 선형으로 되어 저분자화하는 것이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 Fe-Asc에 의한 파아지 불활화는 파아지 DNA의 손상에 기인한다고 생각된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.494-499
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• 2010

We have been focussing on discovery of natural compounds that have immunoregulatory activities for many years. In the present study, we investigated if chlorogenic acid (CRA), a polyphenolic compound, has an immunoadjuvant activity. Prior to examining the immunoadjuvant activity, effect of CRA on proliferation of T- or B-lymphocyte was determined. Results showed that CRA enhanced the proliferation of those lymphocytes in dose-dependant manner (P<0.05), and the proliferation enhancement by CRA was appeared to be more effective to B-cells than to T-cells. Based on these observations, it was tested with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Candida albicans cell wall (CACW) as antigenic sources if CRA has an immunoadjuvant activity. In experiments, BSA alone or a mixture of BSA plus CRA was injected intraperitoneally to mice (BALB/c strain). For a negative control, mice were given only diluent (DPBS) by the same route. In other experiment, CACW was tested by the same way as did with BSA. Three weeks after the first immunization these animals were boosted. Antisera collected from the mice one week after the booster were analyzed by ELISA. Results displayed that the induction of anti-BSA antibody was increased in mice that received the mixture of BSA and CRA as compared to anti-BSA induction in BSA only-given mice groups (P<0.05). In case of CACW, a similar observation as did with BSA was made, resulting in that there was app. 40% increased production of the anti-CACW antiserum from the combination (CACW plus CRA)-received mice as compared to antiserum induction from CACW alone-given animals. Taken all together, these data indicate that CRA has an ability of enhancing antibody production regardless of nature of antigenic sources. Presumably, activation of B-cell proliferation by CRA may plays an important role in the immunoadjuvant activity of the polyphenolic compound.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.506-512
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• 1991

IAA에 대한 단크론 항체를 생산하고 이를 이용하여 생체중의 내생 IAA를 정량분석하기 위해 ELISA를 개발하고 본법을 사용하여 담배 종자 발아중 내생 IAA함량을 정량분석하였다. 그 결과는 1. IAA에 대한 단크론 항체 생산 세포주 3가지를 선발 작성하였으며 이 세포주로부터 생산되는 항체는 모두 IgG$_1$ 타입의 면역 글로블린이었다. 2. 상기 항체를 사용하여 ELISA를 수행하여 표준곡선을 작성하였던 바 검출 한계는 1pmol이었으며 검출 범위는 500pmol이었다 3. 표준곡선으로부터 작성한 Scatchard plot에 의한 친화 상수와 결합상수는 6.7$\times$$10^{-10}$ L/M과 6$\times$$10^{-10}$ L/M이었다. 4. 여러가지 IAA유사물질과 교차반응에 의해서 본 mAb는 특이성이 매우 높고 RIA에 의해서 고역가임을 확인하였다 5. 발아중인 담배종자로부터 면역측정에 의해서 내생 IAA를 정량분석하였다 6. 상기의 결과에 따라서 본 mAb를 이용하여 생체중의 내생 IAA를 간편하게 정밀 분석할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1320-1325
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• 2003

The purpose of present study was to assess the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the immune responses of laying hens. Three hundred and sixty hens at the age of 60 weeks were randomly assigned to ten diets, which contained no oil (CK), 1%, 3%, 5% fish oil (FO); 2%, 4%, 6% linseed oil (LO) and 2%, 4%, 6% corn oil (CO). After 5 weeks of feeding experimental diets, humoral and cellular immune responses were assayed. Laying hens were injected with Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and antibody titers, which were measured on d6, d10, d14 after primary challenge and on d5, d9, d13 after secondary challenge. Concanavalin (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes were assessed by [$^3$H] thymidine incorporation at the week age of 5 and 10, respectively. The results showed that antibody titers in FO-fed and LO-fed laying hens were higher than that in laying hens fed CO. The proliferation response to ConA was lower in laying hens that fed oils rich in n-3 fatty acids than that in laying hens fed CO. Higher level n-3 fatty acids can improve immune functions of laying hens. In conclusion, dietary fat source and level had a significant impact on immune responses of laying hens.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2001

A genomic DNA fragment that contains the gene, which codes for a novel extracellular serine protease in Burkholderia pseudomallei, was cloned by using pQE40 as a vector. It was maintained in Escherichia coli JM109. The expression of the gene(s) resulted in the production of a 52 kDa protease. The recombinant protease was purified from the culture filtrate via ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified protease had an optimum pH and temperature of pH 8.9 and $38^{\circ}C$, respectively. The protease activity was inhibited by EGTA, EDTA, and PMSF, but not 1,10-phenanthroline. The first 11 amino acid residues from the N-terminus of the purified protease were identified as LAPNDPYYYGY. PNDPYY was found to show homology to the Bacillus cereus microbial serine protease and B. subtilis PD498 serine protease. These results indicate that the protease that was purified in this study is an extracellular calcium-dependent serine protease. The purified protease was able to digest the human serum 19A, IgG, albumin, and transferrin, as well as bovine muscle actin and myosin. Furthermore, it was able to promote or cause dermonecrosis in experimental rabbits. These results propose the possible role of a novel B. pseudomallei extracellular calcium-dependent serine protease in the virulence of the pathogen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1285-1289
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• 2000

This study investigated the lipogenesis capacity of hepatocytes and lipolysis rate of adipocytes of broilers as affected by different fatty acids (trial one) and different linoleic acid (C18:2) levels (trial two). Twenty 6-wk old broilers were used; their hepatocytes and adipocytes were isolated for the in vitro study. In trial one, four treatments were tested. The control group in which no fatty acid was added, and the test groups to which were added $300{\mu}M$ of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2, respectively. For trial two, different levels (0, $300{\mu}M$ and 1 mM) of C18:2 combined to fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) were added to the medium. According to results of trial one, added fatty acids significantly reduced the incorporation by hepatocytes of [U,$^{14}C$]glucose into total lipid (p<0.05); the lipogenesis capacity in C18:2 group was the lowest. Although a similar pattern was found with [l,$^{14}C$]acetate, the groups only slightly differed in terms of lipogenesis capacity (p=0.11). In addition, the C18:2 group had a significantly (p<0.05) greater lipolysis rate than the C16:0 and control groups. Results of trial two indicated that C18:2 significantly (p<0.05) reduced lipogenesis capacity both for [U,$^{14}C$]glucose and [l,$^{14}C$]acetate, and markedly stimulated the lipolysis rate (p<0.05), displaying a dose response. Results presented herein demonstrate that C18:2 can reduce lipogenesis capacity and stimulate the lipolysis rate in broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1164-1173
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• 2006

Cellulase from Aspergillus niger, (${\alpha}$-amylase from Bacillus sp. and protease from Bacillus globigii were used as enzyme sources in this study to examine how their respective substrates protect them in two kinds of simulated gastrointestinal tract digesting processes. Avian total digest tract simulation test showed that filter paper, Avicel and cellulose resulted in 7.7, 6.4 and 7.4 times more activity than of unprotected cellulose, respectively. Protease with addition of casein, gelatin or soybean protein showed no significant protection response. Starch protected amylase to be 2.5 times activity of the unprotected one. Monogastric animal total tract digestion simulation test showed that filter paper, Avicel and cellulose resulted in 5.9, 9.0 and 8.8 times activity of unprotected cellulase, respectively. Casein, gelatin and soybean protein resulted in 1.2, 1.3 and 2.0 times activity of unprotected protease, respectively. Starch did not protect amylase activity in monogastric animal total tract simulation. Protection of mixed enzymes by substrates in two animal total tract simulation tests showed that filter paper in combination with soybean protein resulted in 1.5 times activity of unprotected cellulose, but all substrates tested showed no significant protection effect to protease. Soybean protein and starch added at the same time protected the amylase activity to be two times of the unprotected one. Test of non-purified substrate protection in two animal total digest tract simulation showed that cellulase activity increased as BSA (bovine serum albumin) concentration increased, with the highest activity to be 1.3 times of unprotected enzyme. However, BSA showed no significant protection effect to protease. Amylase activity increased to 1.5 times as BSA added more than 1.5% (w/v). Cellulase activity increased to 1.5 times as soybean hull was added higher than 1.5%. Amylase had a significant protection response only when soybean hull added up to 2%. Protease activity was not protected by soybean hull to any significant extent.