• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2000

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), a chronic enteritis produced by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, affects a large proportion of ruminants in all continents and causes important economic losses. The identification of well-characterized and species-specific components of M paratuberculosis would provide the means to improve the specificity and sensitivity of immunodiagnostic assays for Johne's disease. The aims of this study were to express the recombinant C-terminal of 34kDa protein (rC34P) of M paratuberculosis in E coli and to investigate the effectiveness of this protein in detecting antibodies to the native protein in sera from paratuberculosis infected cattle. The C-terminal of the gene encoding the 34kDa protein was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from the chromosomal DNA of M paratuberculosis (ATCC 19698) and cloned into vector pGEX-4T-2. Then, cloned plasmid was transformed into E coli DH5${\alpha}$ and the rC34P was overexpressed. The rC34P was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The rC34P was examined antigenicity by Western blot. The rC34P was reactive with culture positive bovine serum and hyperimmune rabbit anti-M paratuberculosis serum but was not reactive with culture negative bovine serum and tuberculin positive bovine serum in Western blot. In conclusion, the rC34P produced in this study is expected as a useful candidate for antigen in serological diagnosis of Johne's disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of infection with the production-limiting diseases in dairy cattle in Jeonbuk-Iksan area. The blood samples were collected from 260 dairy cows in 52 herds, and examined. The antibody rates against N caninum, M paratuberculosis, and bovine leukemia virus were 34.6%, 13.5% and 89.6%, respectively. All samples for bovine brucellosis were negative.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to conduct diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis in Kangwon area. Blood samples were collected from 2,261 dairy cows of 162 herds, and the ELISA and immunoblotting using recombinant 34KDa protein of M. paratuberculosis were conducted. The feces collected from dairy cows were cultured on HEY medium with mycobactin-J and PCR was conducted with washing solution of medium 4 weeks after culture. The ELISA had sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 96.7%. And the immunoblotting had sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 100%. Of the 2,261 dairy cows, 371 cows(16.4%) were positive in ELISA and 75 cows(3.3%) were positive in immunoblotting. And of the 162 herds, 109 herds(67.3%) had an apparent paratuberculosis prevalence by ELISA and 40 herds(24.7%) by immunoblotting. The geographic distribution of herds with paratuberculosis was not uniform. Of the 241 feces samples including 110 feces from ELISA positive cow, 9 feces were positive in culture and PCR. PCR was able to detect the growth of M. paratuberculosis as early as 4 weeks of culture.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1984

Fecal material from cattle, which was confirmed to be infected with Johne's disease by clinical and pathological symptoms, was decontaminated with 4% NaOH and inoculated into the $L{\ddot{o}}wenstein$-Jensen media supplemented with 1% of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis. After 2-4 week-incubation at $37^{\circ}C$, typical acid-fast mycobacteria was isolated. With the results of staining properties, morphological characteristics, the requirement of mycobactin for growth and the other biochemical properties, isolated mycobacteria was identified as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Female guinea pigs were sensitized with the isolates, and skin test was done with purified protein derivatives (PPDs) of M. avium, M. bovis and M. paratuberculosis 4 weeks after sensitization. Animals showed the largest reaction to the PPDs of M. avium and M. paratuverculosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.55-57
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• 2014

Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has extended latent periods of infection. Due to this property, difficulties in the detection of fecal shedder have been raised. A newly designed method for DNA extraction from fecal specimens, mGITC/SC was evaluated in terms of diagnostic efficiency. The detection limit of IS900 real-time PCR was about 50 MAP (1.5 cfu) in 250 mg of feces (6 cfu per g). Also, this DNA extraction method was faster and cheaper than that using commercial kit or other methods. Consequently, the mGITC/SC is an economical DNA extraction method that could be a useful tool for detecting MAP from fecal specimens.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2009

Johne's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants, and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of this disease. Many studies have been carried out on paratuberculosis from daily cattle and Korean native cattle in multiple areas around nation, but there is no report in Eastern-Gyeongbuk area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine paratuberculosis in Eastern-Gyeongbuk area. From July to December in 2007, blood samples were collected from 363 dairy cattle of 27 farms and 281 Korean cattle of 114 farms and the ELISA was conducted. 25 (6.9%) dairy cattle of 6 (22%) farms and 19 (6.8%) Korean cattle of 8 (7.0%) farms were positive in ELISA. In regional analysis, 25 (8.3%) out of 300 dairy cattle in Gyeungju were positive and Pohang were negative in this research. 12 (16.4%) out of 73 Korean cattle in Gyeungju and 7 (9.6%) out of 73 Korean cattle in Uljin were positive. Pohang and Youngdeok of Korean cattle were negative in this research. According to raising scale of dairy cattle, 4 (66.7%) farms out of 6 farms were raising 30 below and 2 (33.3%) farms out of were raising 30$\sim$70. And there were negative raising scale more than 70. In Korean cattle, 6 (75%) farms out of 8 were raising below 10 and 2 (25%) farms were raising 10$\sim$30. And there were negative raising scale more than 30. The rate of seropositive of paratuberculosis dairy cattle and Korean cattle were similar and the positive rate of Eastern-Gyeongbuk area is reported lower than that of any other region.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.230-235
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• 2013

Johne's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of this disease. Many studies have been carried out on paratuberculosis from Korean native cattle and dairy cattle in multiple areas around nation, but there is no report in Busan area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of bovine paratuberculosis in Busan area from March in 2011 to October in 2012. A total of 863 Korean native cattle of 213 farms were tested by ELISA method. The 287 (33.3%) Korean native cattle of 119 (55.9%) farms were positive in ELISA. In regional analysis, 234 (33.6%) out of 696 cows in Kijang-gun, 35 (39.3%) out of 89 cows in Gangseo-gu and 15 (20.8%) out of 72 cows in Geumjeong-gu were positive. In sexual analysis, 277 (33.6%) out of 824 cows in Female and 10 (25.6%) out of 39 cows in Male were positive. In aga-related analysis, 13 (22.4%) out of 58 cows in 1 year, 33 (32.0%) out of 103 cows in 2 years, 87 (34.1%) out of 255 cows in 3 years, 118 (36.6%) out of 322 cows in 4 years, 21 (36.8%) out of 57 cows in 5 years, 8 (29.6%) out of 27 cows in 6 years, 6 (31.6%) out of 19 cows in 7 years and 1 (4.5%) out of 22 cows in 8-11 years were positive.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2015

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis or Johne's disease, an intestinal granulomatous infection in domestic and wild animals. The study aimed to develop and evaluate a panel of multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (mqPCR) assay for simultaneous detection of three MAP-specific genes (IS900, F57 and ISMAP02 genes). The analytic sensitivity (i.e., limit of detection, expressed as cells per 1 ml) was 150 for IS900, 1500 for F57, and 50 for ISMAP02. The specificity of the method was determined by testing 152 bovine fecal samples. Based on the test, it showed that the assay simultaneously detected the target genes in short period of time and at lower cost compared to laboratory routine tests. The test agreement between the assay and routine test was 94%. The discrepancy in the results was due to samples that were tested positive by the panel but negative by the routine tests, suggesting that the assay has higher sensitivity than the routine tests. In conclusion, the mqPCR assay could be a rapid and accurate testing tool for investigating paratuberculosis or Johne's disease cases in domestic and wild animals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2010

Deer can be one of the susceptible animals to bovine infectious diseases, and thus, may play a role either as a reservoir or amplifier host for spreading the diseases to other species such as cattle and goat. This study was conducted to determine the serum antibodies to bacterial infectious diseases for brucellosis, tuberculosis (TB), paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in deer. Serum samples were randomly collected from 78 deer from 31 farms at Jeonbuk province, and 7 wild water deer from Jeonbuk wild animal treatment center during 2005 to 2007, respectively. Four farm deer (5.1%) showed antibodies to tuberculosis using Antigen Rapid Bovine TB Ab Test Kit. One elk (1.3%) and one wild water deer had antibodies for paratuberculosis. Antibody against Brucellosis was not detected in tube agglutination test (TAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These data suggest that caution should be applied to inspection of velvet, deer blood and meat for human consumption from deer because of zoonotic bacterial diseases in deer. In addition, farmed deer can be a transmissible host for zoonotic disease to diary or raising farm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.113-128
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• 2020

For estimating the prevalence of bovine infectious disease agents, the pathogens were classified as follows: the digestive disease agents, respiratory disease agents, reproductive disease agents, and tick-borne disease agents. This study covered 81 published papers regarding bovine infectious diseases in Korea that determined the presence of diverse pathogens or the antibodies elicited by the infectious agents in cattle from 2010 to 2019. In total, 59,504 cows were involved in the papers reporting the causative agents in their cases. The disease prevalence for the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and tick-borne cases was 9.0%, 13.4%, 10.4%, and 7.8%, respectively. Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Eimeria spp were more significantly prevalent in the cows under one-year age than over one-year age. Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Anaplasma spp. were more significantly prevalent in Hanwoo than dairy cattle. Coxiella burnetii, Neospora caninum, and Theilieria spp. were more significantly prevalent in dairy cattle than Hanwoo. Tick-borne disease agents were more prevalent in cows grazing than the case in housing. Our analytic data obtained from this study emphasize the need for more studies on the occurrence of these pathogens according to the breed, age, and the region, to come up with bovine infectious disease control measures in Korea.