• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.157-176
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• 2015

This research describes render pass synthetic techniques required to use for the effectiveness of them in 3D animation synthetic technology. As the render pass is divided by property and synthesized after rendering, elaborate, rapid synthesis can be achieved. In particular, occlusion pass creates a screen as if it had a soft, light shading, expressing a sense of depth and boundary softness. It is converted into 2D image through a process of pass rendering of animation projects created in 3D space, then completed in synthetic software. Namely, 3D animation realizes the completeness of work originally planned through compositing, a synthetic process in the last half. To complete in-depth image, a scene manufactured in 3D software can be sent as a synthetic program by rendering the scene by layer and property. As recently the occlusion pass can express depth notwithstanding conducting GI rendering of 3D graphic outputs, it is an important synthetic map not omitted in the post-production process. Nonetheless, for the importance of it, currently the occlusion pass leaves much to be desired for research support and books summarizing and analyzing the characteristics of properties, and the principles and usages of them. Hence, this research was aimed to summarize the principles and usages of occlusion map, and analyze differences in the results of synthesis. Furthermore, it also summarized a process designating renderers and the map utilizing the properties, and synthetic software usages. For the future, it is hoped that effective and diverse latter expression techniques will be studied beyond the limitation of graphic expression based on trends diversifying technique development.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.33
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• pp.471-482
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new scheme to generate multi-view images utilizing depth map decomposition and adaptive edge smoothing. After carrying out smooth filtering based on an adaptive window size to regions of edges in the depth map, we decompose the smoothed depth map into four types of images: regular mesh, object boundary, feature point, and number-of-layer images. Then, we generate 3-D scenes from the decomposed images using a 3-D mesh triangulation technique. Finally, we extract multi-view images from the reconstructed 3-D scenes by changing the position of a virtual camera in the 3-D space. Experimental results show that our scheme generates multi-view images successfully by minimizing a rubber-sheet problem using edge smoothing, and renders consecutive 3-D scenes in real time through information decomposition of depth maps. In addition, the proposed scheme can be used for 3-D applications that need the depth information, such as depth keying, since we can preserve the depth data unlike the previous unsymmetric filtering method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2004

A face boundary can be approximated by an ellipse with five-dimensional parameters. This property allows an ellipse detection algorithm to be adapted to detecting faces. However, the construction of a huge five-dimensional parameter space for a Hough transform is quite unpractical. Accordingly, we Propose a selectively attentional Hough transform method for detecting faces from a symmetric contour in an image. The idea is based on the use of a constant aspect ratio for a face, gradient information, and scan-line-based orientation decomposition, thereby allowing a 5-dimensional problem to be decomposed into a two-dimensional one to compute a center with a specific orientation and an one-dimensional one to estimate a short axis. In addition, a two-point selection constraint using geometric and gradient information is also employed to increase the speed and cope with a cluttered background. After detecting candidate face regions using the proposed Hough transform, a multi-layer perceptron verifier is adopted to reject false positives. The proposed method was found to be relatively fast and promising.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2020

The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Acid Red 66, adsorbed by granular activated carbon, were investigated on areas of initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption equilibrium data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherms. The agreement was found to be the highest in the Freundlich model. From the determined Freundlich separation factor (1/n = 0.125 ~ 0.232), the adsorption of Acid Red 66 by granular activated carbon could be employed as an effective treatment method. Temkin's constant related to adsorption heat (B_T = 2.147 ~ 2.562 J mol^-1) showed that this process was physical adsorption. From kinetic experiments, the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order model with good agreement. The results of the intraparticle diffusion equation showed that the inclination of the second straight line representing the intraparticle diffusion was smaller than that of the first straight line representing the boundary layer diffusion. Therefore, it was confirmed that intraparticle diffusion was the rate-controlling step. From thermodynamic experiments, the activation energy was determined as 35.23 kJ mol^-1, indicating that the adsorption of Acid Red 66 was physical adsorption. The negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG = -0.548 ~ -7.802 kJ mol^-1) and the positive enthalpy change (ΔH = +109.112 kJ mol^-1) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process, respectively. The isosteric heat of adsorption increased with the increase of surface loading, indicating lateral interactions between the adsorbed dye molecules.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 1995

For the same configuration of two-dimensional finite element models, 6-node element exhibits stiffer bending stiffness than 8-node element. This is true in the relation between 16-node element and 20-node element for three-dimensional model. This stiffening phenomenon comes from the elimination of several mid nodes from full-node elements. Therefore, this may be called 'relative stiffness stiffening phenomenon'. It seems that there are a couple of ways to correct the stiffening effect, however, we could find only one effective method-the method of modification of Gauss sampling points-which passes the patch test and does not alter other kinds of stiffness, such as extensional stiffness. The quantity of modification is a function of Poisson's ratios of the constituent materials. We could obtain two modification equations, one for plane stress case and the other for plane strain case. This method can be extended to 3-dimensional solid elements. Except the exact plane strain cases, most 3-dimensional plates could be modeled successfully with 16-node element modified by the equation for the plane stress case. The effectiveness of the modification method is checked by applying it to several examples with excellent improvements. In numerical examples, beams with various boundary conditions are subjected to static and time-dependent loads. Free and forced motion analyses of beams and plates are also tested. The beam and plate may be composed of isotropic multilayers as well as a single layer.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.669-680
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• 2013

Ozone sensitivity analysis with respect to $NO_x$ is conducted around the south-eastern area of the Korean Peninsula. WRF-CMAQ modeling system is used to simulate a local circulation and high ozone episode day. To analyze the sensitivity, the adjoint model for CMAQ is adopted in this study. The purpose of current study is to investigate the location that affects a day time ozone concentration of these receptors on the high ozone episode day. Adjoint sensitivity analysis for Daegu shows two areas of influence. One is the range from the neighboring location to Pohang and it affects mainly on the same day as receptor time. The other is the remote south-eastern area from Daegu. This remote influence area suggests that $NO_x$ emitted on the previous day can change the ozone concentration at receptor time. The influence area for Busan, on the other hand, is originated only from the emission on the previous day because the sea-breeze occurred on the episode day makes low influence of surrounding emission. The cross sectional analysis reveals that $NO_x$ advection is important not only near the surface of land but also around the height of boundary layer.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.65-71
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• 2019

Conventional methods of measuring ground resistance and ground resistance field measurement are used to measure voltage drop according to the resistance value of the site by applying current by installing a constant interval of measurement electrode. If the stratified structure of the site site is unique, errors in boundary conditions will occur in the event of back acid and the analysis of the critical ground resistance in the ground design will show much difference from simulation. This study utilizes the Arduino module and smart ground measurement technology in the convergent information and communication environment to develop a reliable smart land resistance measuring device even if the top layer of land is unique, to analyze the land resistance and accumulate data to predict the change in the age of the land. Considering the topographical characteristics of the site, we propose a ground resistance measuring device and its method of measuring ground resistance so that the auxiliary electrode can be installed by correctly positioning the angle and distance in measuring ground resistance. Not only is ground resistance value obtained through electrodes installed to allow accurate ground resistance values to be selected, but it can also be used as a useful material for installing electrical facilities in similar areas. Moreover, by utilizing reliable data and analyzing the large sections of the site, a precise analysis of the site, which is important in ground design as well as construction cost, is expected to be used much in ground facility design such as potential rise.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

We present interactive methods for visualizing the cloud height data and the backscatter data collected from ceilometers in the three-dimensional virtual space. Because ceilometer data is high-dimensional, large-size data associated with both spatial and temporal information, it is highly improbable to exhibit the whole aspects of ceilometer data simply with static, two-dimensional images. Based on the three-dimensional rendering technology, our visualization methods allow the user to observe both the global variations and the local features of the three-dimensional representations of ceilometer data from various angles by interactively manipulating the timing and the view as desired. The cloud height data, coupled with the terrain data, is visualized as a realistic cloud animation in which many clouds are formed and dissipated over the terrain. The backscatter data is visualized as a three-dimensional terrain which effectively represents how the amount of backscatter changes according to the time and the altitude. Our system facilitates the multivariate analysis of ceilometer data by enabling the user to select the date to be examined, the level-of-detail of the terrain, and the additional data such as the planetary boundary layer height. We demonstrate the usefulness of our methods through various experiments with real ceilometer data collected from 93 sites scattered over the country.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 2000

Development of Bracon hebetor Say parasitizing Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was studied at five temperature conditions (17, 20, 25, 28 and 32$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$) under a photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D). Developmental period (mean$\pm$s.e.) of B. hebetor from egg to eclosion decreased from 28.6$\pm$0.50 to 9.3 $\pm$0.09 days and 28.1 $\pm$0.51 to 9.2$\pm$0.09 days for female and male, respectively, as the temperature increased from 17 to $32^{\circ}C$. The combination model provided a good description of the relationship between temperature and development. The low temperature thresholds were estimated to be 14.0, 12.8, 15.1$^{\circ}C$ for development of egg, larva and pupa. The thresholds for normal development (outside of the boundary layer of the development) were 14.0, 17.5, $15.1^{\circ}C$ for egg, larva and pupa, respectively, indicating that the larval stage is more sensitive to the low temperature than the other stages. The results suggested that the present B. hebetor population could be another ecological race adapting to the seasonal temperature conditions of this area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 1999

PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) velocity field measurements inside the snout of a1/10 scale model of the Zn plating process were carried out at the strip speed $V_s=1.5m/s$. Aluminum powder particles ($1{\mu}m$) and atomized olive oil ($3{\mu}m$) were used as seeding particles to simulate the molten Zinc flow and deoxidization gas flow, respectively. A pulsed Nd:Yag laser and a $2K{\times}2K$ high-resolution CCD camera were synchronized for the PIV velocity field measurement. From flow visualization study, it is found that the liquid flow in the Zn pot is dominantly governed by the uprising flow caused by the rotating sink roll, with its effect on the steel strip inside the snout largely diminished by installing of the snout. The deoxidization gas flow in front of the strip inside the snout can be characterized by a large-scale vortex rotating clockwise direction formed by the moving strip. In the rear side of the strip, a counter-clockwise vortex is formed and some of the flow entrained by the moving strip impinges on the free surface of molten zinc. The liquid flow in front of the strip is governed by the flow entering the snout, caused by the spinning sink roll. Just below the free surface a counter-clockwise vortex is formed near the snout wall. The moving strip affects dominantly the flow behind the strip inside the snout, and large amount of the liquid flow follows the moving strip toward the sink roll. The thickness of the flow following the strip is very thin in the front side due to the uprising flow, however thick boundary layer is formed in the rear side of the strip. Its thickness is increased as moving downstream toward the sink roll. Inside the snout, the deoxidization gas flow above the free surface is much faster than the liquid flow in the zinc pot. Due to the larger influx of the flow following the moving strip in the rear side of the strip, higher percentage of imperfection can be anticipated on the rear surface of the strip.