• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

This study is aimed to clarify the transitional characteristics of old roads and alleys lasting more than 100 years(1915-2015) in traditional urban area(Seongan-dong) of cheongju, historic inland and castle city of Korea. Cheongju castle had been completely destroyed In 1915, and urban structures been also altered last 100 years from 2015 now. Periodically, after destruction of castle, existing roads were extended and transformed to straight line for connecting with around. Expanding urban area to all directions of castle boundary in 1930-40s, town planning were created. These projects were completed in 1960-70s, the street network was built as they are. Since the 1980s, changes had been occurred in the details such as an extension of the unexecuted roads, the opening of fire lane in a block, and etc. In change and construction of roads, urban district plan in 1939 and reorganization since 1967 were planned and established with the type, location, and width of the large, medium and small roads based on data before destruction of castle. Except the width of 25m Sajikro(large3-1) and Sangdangro(large3-8,9,10), the width of 15m Namsaro(medium2-1) and Namjuro (medium2-4) as an extension of the roads, the other roads were small roads equivalent to the existing roads, and so remain intact figure of streetscape. As such, roads of east-west and north-south cross type, roads showing the outline of Cheongju castle fortress, and alleys outside the south gate are sustained in Seongan-dong of cheongju as historic urban area, and also present roads are delicately executed to the existing urban fabric.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.17-22
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• 2009

This research was conducted to investigate methods to strengthen the apartment community from the territoriality point of view. In order to achieve this goal, first of all the concept and the structure of territoriality are studied through articles and literature reviews to ensure a full understanding of the community strengthening-related plan elements suggested in the previous research. The study is then divided into the categories of semi-private territory and semi-public territory to pursue analysis based on the issues related to strengthening community such as possession, proximity, defense, boundary-regulation, and personalization in case by case studies. The results of case studies are as follows: in the case of possession with psychological concept of possession, the extension of private space and exclusive space are suggested. And for the concept of proximity, that is, the physical and psychological distance for sense of the same nature, increased opportunity of meeting the residents in the same building or same area are suggested And for the psychological proximity, familiar design and facilities for meeting and exchange-related methods are shown. For the case of indirect defense in defense concept, the methods related to monitoring and supervising facilities for protection are found. For the boundary-regulations, it is based on the concepts of physical and psychological borderlines; walls either vertical or horizontal, or such obstacle-related methods are suggested for the physical borderline, and space structure and symbols-related methods are found for psychological borderline. Finally, for the case of personalization which is related to the expression of identity, design-related methods are suggested.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.473-481
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• 2017

Steel plate shear wall (SPSW) system has been increasingly used for lateral loads resisting system since 1980s when the utilization of post-buckling strength of SPSW was realized. The structural response of SPSWs largely depends on the behavior of the surrounded beams. The beams are normally required to behave in the elastic region when the SPSW fully buckled and formed the tension field action. However, most modern design codes do not specify how this requirement can be achieved. This paper presents theoretical investigation and design procedures of manually calculating the plastic flexural capacity of the beams of SPSWs and can be considered as an extension to the previous work by Qu and Bruneau (2011). The reduction in the plastic flexural capacity of beam was considered to account for the presence of shear stress that was altered towards flanges at the boundary region, which can be explained by Saint-Venant's principle. The reduction in beam web was introduced and modified based on the research by Qu and Bruneau (2011), while the shear stress in the web in this research is excluded due to the boundary effect. The plastic flexural capacity of the beams is given by the superposition of the contributions from the flanges and the web. The developed equations are capable of predicting the plastic moment of the beams subjected to combined shear force, axial force, bending moment, and tension fields induced by yielded infill panels. Good agreement was found between the theoretical results and the data from previous research for flexural capacity of beams.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.191-207
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• 2022

Using the results of CTD casts made in Spring from 2017 to 2021, in this study we investigated the water mass distribution and occurrence of temperature inversion in the western seas of Jeju Island in spring. The distribution of water masses was characterized by cold and fresh water in the northwest and warm and saline water in the southeast, forming a strong thermohaline front running in the southwest-to-northeast direction. Strong temperature inversion mainly occurred in the frontal boundary when the cold water intrudes beneath the warm water at depths of 30-50 m. Analysis of the mixing ratio demonstrated that Jeju Warm Water is dominantly distributed in the western seas of Jeju Island, but its ratio can be modified depending on the southward extension of Yellow Sea Cold Water (YSCW). Results of in situ measurement showed that in 2020, the YSCW largely expanded to the western seas of Jeju Island, occupying approximately 40 % of the mixing ratio. Due to the expansion of YSCW, a strong thermohaline front was formed in the study area, thereby causing thick and strong temperature inversion. On the other hand, in 2018 the mixing ratio of YSCW was minimum (~18%) during the study period of 2017-2021, and thus a relatively weak frontal boundary was formed, without the occurrence of temperature inversion. The observational results also suggest that the interannual changes of water mass distribution and the associated temperature inversion in the western seas of Jeju Island are closely related with wind-driven Yellow Sea circulation in spring, which is the summer monsoon transition period.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2022

Urban space expansion is an important symbol of the urbanization process and has always been an important topic in urban studies. In addition, for sustainable city management, it is important to identify factors that can influence, such as the driving force and direction of urban space expansion, from the stage of establishing an urban development plan. To understand these factors, by observing the expansion process of a specific city, it is possible to sufficiently observe how the urban spatial dimension changes. Through a series of processes, the spatial growth characteristics of the city are analyzed, and the influence and results of important factors are analyzed. For this purpose, this paper examines the changes in the city's outer boundary and land use structure through monitoring data on urban areas of 14 cities in Hunan Province, China from 2000 to 2016. Temporal and spatial regularity according to the urban space expansion of these cities were analyzed, and a preliminary assessment was made on whether the urban space expansion is coordinated with the urban population growth. The assessment result showed: (1) The urban space of most cities has been extended rapidly in 2000-2015 however, the rate and the intensity of urban space expanding has been declining. (2) The construction of the industrial park is the core driving force of the urban space expanding, and the change of the urban space structure is manifested as enclave city expansion because that the industrial park is usually far away from the city center. (3) The population agglomeration is another driving force of the urban space expanding. At this time, the urban space expanding is like boundary extension. (4) Except Changsha city, all of the cities has a high urbanization-area-growth elastic coefficient. It means that most of the cities should enhance the land use degree.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2006

본 논문은 서로 다른 디스플레이 장치에서 동일한 입력 신호에 대해 일정한 색을 표현하기 위해, 디스플레이 장치의 특성화, 색 순응 모델, 색역 사상 및 확장 기법을 포함하는 색 정합 기술을 제안하였다. DTV 디스플레이 장치에서 일정한 색을 재현하기 위해서는 디스플레이 장치의 입출력 관계를 특성화하여야 하고, 기준 백색점 차이를 고려한 색 순응 모델을 적용하고, 및 각 디스플레이 장치가 표현할 수 있는 색역의 차를 보상하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 채널간의 간섭을 고려하고 모델링의 정확도를 향상하기 위해, 기존 3채널 GOG(gam, offset, gamma) 모델을 향상하여 9개 채널에 독립적인 GOG 모델을 특성화 기법으로 사용하였다. 다음으로 입력 영상은 각 디스플레이 장치의 제한적인 색역을 보상하기 위해 조정되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 원 영상의 휘도와 색상을 유지하고 xy 색도도상에서 채도는 향상하기 위한 색역 사상 및 확장 기법이 수행되었다. 상대적으로 인간 시각 특성에 민감한 휘도와 색상값은 입력값과 동일하게 유지하며, 채도 향상은 입력 및 출력 색역의 비율에 따라 변하게 된다. 또한 동영상을 DTV에 나타내기 위해서는 xy 색도도가 장치의 색역 경계 설정과 연산의 복잡도를 감소하기 위해 효과적이다. 결과적으로 제안된 방법을 입력 DTV신호에 대해 LCD 및 PDP 디스플레이 장치에 적용하면 각 장치에 따른 정확한 색 재현이 가능하다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.780-806
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to describe the application of 3D finite element analysis to determine resultant stresses on the bone anchored fixed prosthesis, implants and supporting bone of the mandible according to fixture numbers and load conditions. 4 or 6 fixtures and the bone anchored fixed prosthesis were placed in 3D finite element mandibular arch model which represents an actual mandibular skull. A $45^{\circ}$ diagonal load of 10㎏ was labiolingually applied in the center of the prosthesis(P1). A $45^{\circ}$ diagonal load of 20㎏ was buccolingually applied at the location of the 10mm or 20mm cantilever posterior to the most distal implant(P2 or P3). The vertical distribution loads were applied to the superior surfaces of both the right and the left 20mm cantilevers(P4). In order that the boundary conditions of the structure were located to the mandibular ramus and angle, the distal bone plane was to totally fixed to prevent rigid body motion of the entire model. 3D finite element analysis was perfomed for stress distribution and deflection on implants and supporting bone using commercial software(ABAQUS program. for Sun-SPARC Workstation. The results were as follows : 1. In all conditions of load, the hightest tensile stresses were observed at the metal lates of prostheses. 2. The higher tensile stresses were observed at the diagonal loads rather than the vertical loads 3. 6-implants cases were more stable than 4-implants cases for decreasing bending and torque under diagonal load on the anterior of prosthesis. 4. From a biomechanical perspective, high stress developed at the metal plate of cantilever-to-the most distal implant junctions as a consequence of loads applied to the cantilever extension. 5. Under diagonal load on cantilever extension, the 6-implants cases had a tendency to reduce displacement and to increase the reaction force of supporting point due to increasing the bendign stiffness of the prosthesis than 4-implants cases. 6. Under diagonal load on cantilever extension, the case of 10mm long cantilever was more stable than that of 20mm long cnatilever in respect of stress distribution and displacement. 7. When the ends of 10mm or 20mm long cantilever were loaded, the higher tensile stress was observed at the second most distal implant rather than the first most distal implant. 8. The 6-implants cases were more favorable about prevention of screw loosening under repeated loadings because 6-implants cases had smaller deformation and 4-implants cases had larger deformation.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2004

최근 여러 전문 분야에서 GIS기반으로 구축된 다양한 공간주제정보의 활용 및 분석에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기본적인 도로 관련 레이어 정보를 이용하여 교통지리학적 분석이 가능한 GIS응용 프로그램을 구현하였다. 본 프로그램을 이용하여 행정 구역단위나 사용자가 임의로 설정한 분석 구역의 도로망으로부터 그래프 형의 망 구조에 대한 특성을 정량적으로 표현하는 우회도(circuity)와 접근도(accessibility)의 산정이 가능하다. 우회도는 분석 구역으로 설정된 구역에 존재하는 노드의 지위를 판단하기 위하여 하나의 바람직한 교통망을 기준으로 하여 실제 도로망을 구성하는 노드들이 어느 정도의 차이를 나타내는 가를 정량적으로 파악하기 위한 방법이며, 접근도는 우회도의 분석에 이용되는 같은 레이어 데이터인 그래프 망 구조에 대하여 망 구조에 포함된 모든 노드를 대상으로 하여 각각의 노드 들간의 접근의 용이성을 나타내고자 하는 개념이다. ArcView 3.2a의 개발언어인 AvenueTM를 이용하여,AVX 형식의 extension으로 구현된 프로그램 실행에 필요한 기본 데이터는 교통 데이터 모델에 기반하는 전문적인 교통 데이터베이스 정보를 필요로 하지 않고 수치지도로부터 쉽게 추출할 수 있는 도로 중심선 레이어와 행정 경계 레이어등을 이용할 수 있도록 하였다. 처리 결과로 얻어진 우회도와 접근도는 교통 분야에서 GIS 적용을 위한 공간 분석 방법으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

빌딩, 자동차, 선박, 항공기 등에서 원형 아치의 사용 증가로 인해 이러한 구조물의 동적 거동 해석에 있어 괄목할 만한 성과가 있어 왔다. 탄성 원형 아치의 안정성 거동 해석분야는 많은 연구자들의 관심분야였다. 전통적으로 미분방정식의 해법은 유한차분법 혹은 유한요소법으로 해결해왔다. 복잡한 기하학적 구조 및 하중으로 인한 과도한 컴퓨터 용량의 사용과 복합알고리즘 프로그램의 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 미분구적법(DQM)이 많은 분야에 적용되어왔다. 상미분방정식 혹은 편미분방정식의 해를 구하기 위한 효율적인 방법 중의 하나는 미분구적법이다. 또한 비선형 구조, 하중, 혹은 재료 물성 치로 인한 과도한 컴퓨터 용량의 사용과 복합알고리즘 프로그램의 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 미분구적법(DQM)이 지금도 많이 사용된다. 본 연구에서는, DQM을 이용하여 중면 신장 및 회전 관성의 영향을 고려한 원형 아치의 내 평면 진동을 분석하였다. 다양한 매개변수 비, 경계 조건, 그리고 열림 각에 따른 기본 진동수를 계산하였다. DQM 결과는 활용 가능한 다른 엄밀해 혹은 다른 수치해석과 비교하였다. 해석결과에 따르면 DQM은, 적은 격자점을 사용하고도, 엄밀해 결과와 일치함을 보여주었고, 중면 신장 및 회전 관성이 원형 아치의 기본 진동수에 미치는 영향을 분석할 수 있게 했다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze chlidcare philosophy and the architectural characteristics of communal childcare cooperative nurseries(parent cooperative childcare facilities), and also to examine their mutual relationship. The communal childcare cooperative is an ideal childcare method to break away from employee-supported childcare system and cooperatively solve childcare problems in the family community system. The child-rearing philosophy of the communal childcare can bring spontaneous and creative development amidst 'daily life' and 'play' by switching from knowledge and skill-oriented education and puts an emphasis on physical environments in child's growth. The features of architecture related the childcare philosophy derived from this study are as follows: the way of participation and self-help, the extension of spatial scope and focuses on outside space, architecture of house-like residence rather than educational facility, spatial 'overlapping' focusing on transitional space and multi-purpose space rather than spatial partitions, the pursuit of creativity through play is realized in the incompletion and unspecification of space evolving over time.