• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제78권4호
• /
• pp.497-518
• /
• 2021

In this study, a new method for treating the wall boundary in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is proposed to simulate free surface flows effectively. Unlike conventional methods of wall boundary treatment through boundary particles, in the proposed method, the wall boundary condition is directly imposed by adding boundary truncation terms to the mass and momentum conservation equations. Thus, boundary particles are not used in boundary modeling. Doing so, the wall boundary condition is accurately imposed, boundary modeling is simplified, and computation is made efficient without losing stability in SPH. Performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through several numerical examples: dam break, dam break with a wedge, sloshing, inclined bed, cross-lever rotation, pulsating tank and sloshing with a flexible baffle. These results are compared with available experimental results, analytical solutions, and results obtained using the boundary particle method.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.10-17
• /
• 2009

Accurate electroencephalography (EEG) forward calculation is of importance for the accurate estimation of neuronal electrical sources. Conventional studies concerning the EEG forward problems have investigated various factors influencing the forward solution accuracy, e.g. tissue conductivity values in head compartments, anisotropic conductivity distribution of a head model, tessellation patterns of boundary element models, the number of elements used for boundary/finite element method (BEM/FEM), and so on. In the present paper, we investigated the influence of modeling errors in the boundary element volume conductor models upon the accuracy of the EEG forward solutions. From our simulation results, we could confirm that accurate construction of boundary element models is one of the key factors in obtaining accurate EEG forward solutions from BEM. Among three boundaries (scalp, outer skull, and inner skull boundary), the solution errors originated from the modeling error in the scalp boundary were most significant. We found that the nonuniform error distribution on the scalp surface is closely related to the electrode configuration and the error distributions on the outer and inner skull boundaries have statistically meaningful similarity to the curvature distributions of the boundary surfaces. Our simulation results also demonstrated that the accumulation of small modeling errors could lead to considerable errors in the EEG source localization. It is expected that our finding can be a useful reference in generating boundary element head models.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2008

실제 매질에서 전파하는 파의 거동을 묘사하기 위하여 탄성파 모델링을 수행한다. 일반적으로 실제매질은 반무한 매질이나 컴퓨터를 이용한 수치모델링에서 반무한 매질을 표현하기는 쉽지 않다. 따라서, 유한한 크기의 모형을 가정하며, 이 경우 모형의 좌우 및 하부 경계는 가상의 경계이므로 이로부터 반사되는 인위적인 반사파들은 적절한 경계조건을 도입하여 제거되어야 한다. 최근 들어 등방성 매질 뿐 아니라 이방성 매질에 대한 연구가 증가하면서 이방성 매질에서의 경계를 적절히 표현해 줄 수 있는 방법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 등방성 매질의 탄성파 모델링에서 가장 많이 이용되는 스펀지 경계조건, Clayton과 Engquist가 제안한 흡수경계조건, Higdon의 흡수경계조건 세 방법을 이방성 매질에 적용할 수 있도록 변형한 후 다양한 포아송의 비를 갖는 모형에 적용함으로써 세 경계조건의 특성을 분석해 보았다. Clayton과 Engquist의 흡수경계조건은 등방성 매질에서 포아송의 비가 클 때 불안정한 모습을 보이는데, 이방성 매질에서도 역시 같은 결과를 보여주었다. 스펀지 경계조건은 등방성 매질과 이방성 매질에서 매우 좋은 결과를 보여주었지만, 컴퓨터 메모리나 계산시간을 고려하였을 때 비효율적이다. 이에 반해 Higdon이 제안한 경계조건은 필요로 하는 컴퓨터 메모리와 계산시간이 적을 뿐 아니라 큰 각도로 입사되는 파에 의해 발생하는 반사파까지 효과적으로 제거하였다. 따라서 포아송의 비가 비교적 크게 나타나는 이방성 매질에서는 계산상의 효율성 등을 고려할 때 Higdon의 흡수경계조건이 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2023

The dynamic and sensing performances of nanomechanical resonators with their different boundary conditions are studied based on surface elasticity-based modeling and simulation. Specifically, the effect of surface stress is included in Euler-Bernoulli beam model for different boundary conditions. It is shown that the surface effect on the intrinsic elastic property of nanowire is independent of boundary conditions, while these boundary conditions affect the frequency behavior of nanowire resonator. The detection sensitivity of nanowire resonator is remarkably found to depend on the boundary conditions such that double-clamping boundary condition results in the higher mass sensitivity of the resonator in comparison with simple-support or cantilever boundary condition. Furthermore, we show that the frequency shift of nanowire resonator due to mass adsorption is determined by its length, whereas the frequency shift is almost independent of its thickness. This study enables a design principle providing an insight into how the dynamic and sensing performances of nanomechanical resonator is determined and tuned.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.77-80
• /
• 2001

The element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is one of meshless methods, which is an efficient method of modeling problems of fluid or solid mechanics with complex boundary shapes and large changes in boundary conditions. This paper discusses the theory of the EFG method and its applications to modeling of groundwater flow. In the EFG method, shape functions are constructed based on the moving least square (MLS) approximation, which requires only set of nodes. The EFG method can eliminate time-consuming mesh generation procedure with irregular shaped boundaries because it does not require any elements. The coupled EFG-FEM technique was introduced to treat Dirichlet boundary conditions. A computer code EFGG was developed and tested for the problems of steady-state and transient groundwater flow in homogeneous or heterogeneous aquifers. The accuracy of solutions by the EFG method was similar to that by the FEM. The EFG method has the advantages in convenient node generation and flexible boundary condition implementation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.327-336
• /
• 2009

Geographic routing has been considered as an attractive approach in wireless sensor networks, since it routes data packets by using location information rather than global topology information. In geographic routing schemes, packets are usually sent along the boundary of a hole by face routing to detour the hole. As result, all data flows which need to detour the hole are concentrated on the boundary of the hole. This hole detour scheme results in much more energy consumption for nodes at the hole boundary, and the energy exhaustion of hole boundary nodes enlarges the holes. This is referred to as a hole diffusion problem. The perimeter mode may also lead to data collisions on the hole boundary nodes if multiple data flows need to bypass a hole simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a hole modeling and detour scheme for geographic routing in wire-less sensor networks. Our hole modeling and detour scheme can efficiently prevent hole diffusion, avoid the local minimum problem faced by geographic routing protocols, and reduce data collisions on the hole boundary nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the other protocols in terms of control overhead, average delivery delay and energy consumption.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.546-558
• /
• 2015

Chord length sampling method in Monte Carlo simulations is a method used to model spherical particles with random sampling technique in a stochastic media. It has received attention due to the high calculation efficiency as well as user convenience; however, a technical issue regarding boundary effect has been noted. In this study, after analyzing the distribution characteristics of spherical particles using an explicit method, an alternative chord length sampling method is proposed. In addition, for modeling in finite media, a correction method of the boundary effect is proposed. Using the proposed method, sample probability distributions and relative errors were estimated and compared with those calculated by the explicit method. The results show that the reconstruction ability and modeling accuracy of the particle probability distribution with the proposed method were considerably high. Also, from the local packing fraction results, the proposed method can successfully solve the boundary effect problem. It is expected that the proposed method can contribute to the increasing of the modeling accuracy in stochastic media.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 2010

Application of CAE analyses are wide spread in shaping processes and structural safety verification of plastic products. The importance of CAE analysis and its contributions are getting increase since the processibility and structural safety of product can be predicted. CAE analysis for complex shaped product need a lot of time for modeling and computation compare with simpler one. Therefore careful simulation modeling is required for complex shaped product. Structural analysis for plastic door handle of automobile has been performed and structural safety has been investigated for various load directions and modeling cases. Large stress occurred at the hinge in handle regardless of load direction and modeling case. Consequently hinge is considered structurally very weak among the parts in plastic door handle. It is concluded that simple modeling rather than total modeling with adequate boundary condition equivalent to real situation gives reasonable computational results with saving modeling effort and computation time.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기기기 및 에너지변환시스템부문
• /
• pp.129-133
• /
• 2005

This paper discusses DC/DC converter modeling using average model of switch and critical characterist. Average model of switch approach is expended to the modeling of boundary conduction mode DC/DC converters that operate at the boundary between Continuous Conduction Mode(CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode(DCM). Frequency responses predicted by the average model of switch are verified by simulation and experiment.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.1029-1042
• /
• 2016

The initial and boundary conditions are important factors in regional chemical transport modeling systems. The method of generating the chemical boundary conditions for regional air quality models tends to be different from the dynamically varying boundary conditions in global chemical transport models. In this study, the impact of real time Copernicus atmosphere monitoring service (CAMS) re-analysis data from the modeling atmospheric composition and climate project interim implementation (MACC) on the regional air quality in the Korean Peninsula was carried out using the community multi-scale air quality modeling system (CMAQ). A comparison between conventional global data and CAMS for numerical assessments was also conducted. Although the horizontal resolution of the CAMS re-analysis data is not higher than the conventionally provided data, the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations with boundary conditions for CAMS re-analysis is more reasonable than any other data, and the estimation accuracy over the entire Korean peninsula, including the Seoul and Daegu metropolitan areas, was improved. Although an inland area such as the Daegu metropolitan area often has large uncertainty in PM prediction, the level of improvement in the prediction for the Daegu metropolitan area is higher than in the coastal area of the western part of the Korean peninsula.