• 플랜트 저널
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2019

용융탄산염 연료전지는 폐열의 온도가 높아 하부 사이클을 구성하여 효율을 높일 수 있다. 이러한 목적으로 연료를 재순환하는 용융탄산염 연료전지에 하부 사이클로 증기 터빈 사이클을 적용한 선행 연구가 있었다. 본 연구는 하부 사이클을 증기 터빈 사이클에서 초임계 이산화탄소 사이클로 대체하는 것을 고려하였다. 그리고 출력을 비교하여 하부 사이클을 대체하는 것에 대한 검토를 하였다. 그 결과 현재 개발 단계의 초임계 이산화탄소 사이클의 출력은 증기 터빈 사이클보다 낮지만, 이론적으로 증기 터빈 사이클보다 출력이 더 커질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 만약 초임계 이산화탄소 사이클이 터빈의 등엔트로피 효율을 89%, 압축기의 등엔트로피 효율을 83%, 복열기의 유용도를 0.9의 수준으로 향상 시킨다면 증기 터빈 사이클과 동등한 출력을 낼 수 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.154-170
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• 1993

복합발전사이클은 서로 다른 온도조건에서 운전되는 두 개의 사이클을 열역학적으로 결합한 발전사이클로서 Fig. 1-(d) 처럼 고온부 사이클에서 배출되는 열량을 저온부 사이클에서 회수하여 전체 시스템효율을 개선하도록 설계되었다$^{1)}$ . 고온부에서 작동하는 사이클을 상부사이클(topping cycle or topper)이라고하며 저온부에서 작동하는 사이클을 하부사이클(bottoming cycle or bottomer)이라고 한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1370-1377
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• 2002

This study analyzed the design performance of the bottoming system of combined cycle power plants using a once-through heat recovery steam generator. For a parallel arrangement of the main heater and reheater, parametric analyses were carried out to present the criteria for determining the reheater pressure and the location of the starting point of the reheater in the HRSG. The performance of the bottoming system was presented fer a range from high subcritical to supercritical pressure. The steam turbine power is as high as that of conventional triple-pressure bottoming systems. The serial arrangement of heat exchangers with division of each heater into several segments can achieve similar power level.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.872-877
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• 2001

This study analyzed the design performance of the bottoming system of combined cycle power plants adopting a single-pressure once-through heat recovery steam generator with reheat. A computer program was constructed and parametric analyses were carried out to present the criteria for determining the reheat pressure and the location of the starring point of the reheater in the HRSG. The performance of the bottoming system was presented for the range from high subcritical to supercritical pressures. It was founded that the power of the bottoming system can be as high as that of the present triple-pressure bottoming system even with a higher exhaust gas temperature. A requirement for this high performance is a proper arrangement of the reheater.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.738-743
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• 2001

A computer program, capable of performing thermal design analysis of the triple pressure bottoming system of combined cycle power plants, was developed. The program is based on thermal analysis of the heat recovery steam generator and estimation of its size and steam turbine power. The program is applicable to various parametric analyses including optimized design calculation. This paper presents examples of analysis results for the effects of arrangement of heat exchanger units, steam pressures and deaerating sources on design performance indices such as steam turbine power and the size of heat recovery steam generator.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.536-543
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• 2005

This study analyzes the design performance of a combined system of a recuperated cycle micro gas turbine (MGT) and a bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC) adopting refrigerant (R123) as a working fluid. In contrast to the steam bottoming Rankine cycle, the ORC optimizes the combined system efficiency at a higher evaporating pressure. The ORC recovers much greater MGT exhaust heat than the steam Rankine cycle (much lower stack temperature), resulting in a greater bottoming cycle power and thus a higher combined system efficiency. The optimum MGT pressure ratio of the combined system is very close to the optimum pressure ratio of the MGT itself. The ORC's power amounts to about $25\%$ of MGT power. For the MGT turbine inlet temperature of $950^{\circ}C$ or higher, the combined system efficiency, based on shaft power, can be higher than $45\%$.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권27호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1997

Combined cycle power plant is a system where a gas turbine or steam turbine is used to produce shaft power to drive a generator for producing electrical power and the steam from the HRSG is expanded in a steam turbine for additional shaft power. Combined cycle plant is a one from of cogeneration. The temperature of the exhaust gases from a gas turbine ranges from $400^\circC$ to $600^\circC$, and can be used effectively in a heat recovery steam generator to produce steam. Combined cycle can be classed as a "topping(gas turbine)" and a "bottoming(steam turbine)" cycle. The first cycle, to which most of the heat is supplied, is called the topping cycle. The wasted heat it produces is then utilized in a second process which operates at a lower temperature level and is therefore referred to as a "bottoming cycle". The combination of gas/steam turbine power plant managed to be accepted widely because, first, each individual system has already proven themselves in power plants with a single cycle, therefore, the development costs are low. Secondly, the air as a working medium is relatively non-problematic and inexpensive and can be used in gas turbines at an elevated temperature level over $1000^\circC$. The steam process uses water, which is likewise inexpensive and widely available, but better suited for the medium and low temperature ranges. It, therefore, is quite reasonable to use the steam process for the bottoming cycle. Only recently gas turbines attained inlet temperature that make it possible to design a highly efficient combined cycle. In the present study, performance analysis of a dual pressure combined-cycle power plant is carried out to investigate the influence of topping cycle to combined cycle performance.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1502-1513
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• 2006

This study analyzes the design and part load performance of a power generation system combining a micro gas turbine (MGT) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Design performances of cycles adopting several different organic fluids are analyzed and compared with performance of the steam based cycle. All of the organic fluids recover greater MGT exhaust heat than the steam cycle (much lower stack temperature), but their bottoming cycle efficiencies are lower. R123 provides higher combined cycle efficiency than steam does. The efficiencies of the combined cycle with organic fluids are maximized when the turbine exhaust heat of the MGT is fully recovered at the MGT recuperator, whereas the efficiency of the combined cycle with steam shows an almost reverse trend. Since organic fluids have much higher density than steam, they allow more compact systems. The efficiency of the combined cycle, based on a MGT with 30 percent efficiency, can reach almost 40 percent. hlso, the part load operation of the combined system is analyzed. Two representative power control methods are considered and their performances are compared. The variable speed control of the MGT exhibits far better combined cycle part load efficiency than the fuel only control despite slightly lower bottoming cycle performance.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.907-916
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• 2010

고온형 연료전지인 MCFC 발전시스템에 가스터빈, 유기매체 랜킨 사이클, 순산소 연소 사이클 등 다양한 하부 사이클을 추가한 통합시스템들의 성능을 비교 해석하였다. MCFC 시스템의 성능과 운전조건을 바탕으로 하여 각 추가 시스템의 주요 설계 변수 변화에 따른 통합시스템의 성능 변화를 해석하였고 이로부터 각 시스템의 최적 성능을 도출하였다. 각 시스템을 비교하여 MCFC와 최적의 결합을 나타내는 시스템을 분석하였는데, MCFC/OXY 시스템이 MCFC 단독 시스템에 비하여 가장 큰 출력 증가를 나타내었으며, MCFC/GT 시스템의 효율 증가가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2012

선박의 주 추진용 디젤엔진에서 배출되는 배기가스의 폐열을 회수하는 발전시스템에 대하여, 작동유체로서 물이 적용된 3 변 사이클에 대한 열역학적 특성을 이론적으로 조사하였다. 그 결과로, 하나의 열원이 주어지면, 에너지 및 엑서지 효율은 터빈입구에서 작동유체에 대한 압력 및 온도의 특정한 조건에 의하여 최대화될 수 있었다. 그러한 조건에 대하여 응축온도의 증가에 따라, 터빈의 체적 팽창비를 적절하게 감소시킬 수 있었는데, 열원의 엑서지 손실률 및 응축기에서 엑서지 파괴율이 크게 증가되었다. 따라서, 상부 사이클에서 버려지는 엑서지를 회수하기 위하여, 저온 열원에 적합한 유기랭킨사이클을 하부 사이클로 적용하는 복합 사이클이 유용할 수 있다.