• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the survival of periodontally hopeless teeth that were intentionally extracted and replanted after a delay and to compare the radiographic characteristics of the survival group with those of the failure group. Methods: The clinical and radiographic data from patients who underwent delayed intentional replantation between March 2000 and July 2010 were reviewed. Twenty-seven periodontally hopeless teeth were extracted and preserved in medium supplemented with antibiotics for 10-14 days. The teeth were then repositioned in the partially healed extraction socket and followed for 3 to 21 months. The radiographic parameters were analyzed using a paired t test and the cumulative survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: Seven replanted teeth failed and the overall cumulative survival rate was 66.4%. In the survival group, the amount of bone loss was reduced from 68.45% to 34.66% three months after replantation. There was radiologic and clinical evidence of ankylosis with 5 teeth. However, no root resorption was found throughout the follow-up period. In the failure group, bone formation occurred from the bottom of the socket. However, a remarkable radiolucent line along the root of a replanted tooth existed. The line lengthened and thickened as time passed. Finally, in each case of failure, the tooth was extracted due to signs of inflammation and increased mobility. Conclusions: Delayed intentional replantation has many advantages compared to immediate intentional replantation and could serve as an alternative treatment for periodontally involved hopeless teeth. However, techniques for maintaining the vitality of periodontal structures on the tooth surface should be developed for improved and predictable results.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.27-47
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze how to treat various symptoms through the combination of Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$, according to reviewing the contents and data since Ling Shu (靈樞經) to recent literatures including thirty-five medical books. Methods : It was arranged and considered that the location, needling, and symptoms of each acupoint were described in various literatures before the publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam (鍼經指南). Through various literature since the Publication of Chim Kyung Ji Nam, it was examined how to be recognized and be referred about Yoelgyoel $(LU_7)$ and Johae $(KI_6)$. Results and Conclusions : The location of Yoelgyoel is the superior 1.5cun at wrist joint striation, medial of extensor carpi radialis longus; the location of Johae is the depression part under foot medial condyle. Yoelgyoel is often used for respiratory organ disease, urinary organ disease, neuopsychiatory disease, musculoskeletal system disease; Johae is often used for urinary organ disease, circulatory organ disease. At Chim Kyung Ji Nam, Yoelgyoel is often used for thoraco-abdominal Pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease; Johae is often used for abdominal pain, gynecological disease, digestive organ disease. Therefore, these points are used together for general internal disease. As well, these are not directly continuous with Previous literatures from Chim Kyung Ji Nam. The combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae have been developed to the three categories as follows; it is quoted from as it is; it is reconstructed in the form of song; it has new symptoms enlarged. Consequently, the combination of Yoelgyoel and Johae was not bind to the rule of Up-Bottom harmony (上下配合), but asserted for the rule of Ju-Eng harmony (主應配合), which add specific acupoints to e combination of Yolgyol and Chohae as the complication of the symptoms.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.233-233
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• 2017

Algal communities are important to maintain the aquatic ecosystems function. Algae have short life cycles, they respond quickly to environmental change and their diversity and density can indicate and the quality of their habitat. The bloom forms before the rice seedings have emerged, it may present a physical barrier that prevents the seedlings from penetrating the floodwater. Wind may also move the algal bloom, pushing the young plants beneath the surface. Another harmful action develops when the water dries up and the algae form a layer at the bottom of the field. The layer envelops the seedlings, which are not yet deeply rooted, and drag them to the surface when the water is let in again. Soil utilization pattern can be the mail facter affecting soil physico-chemical properties, especially in soil phosphorus (P). Solid content of the algae culture solution increased with the increase in the nitrogen rather the phosphors concentration. Phosphoric acid was treated with conventional treatments (100-0%, before transplanting time-tillering stage), 50-50%, 0-100%, and un-treated. The herbicide was treated on the 7 DAT (day after transplanting). Green algae samples were collected 20 DAT. Total phosphoric acid was the highest at 0.06 in 50-50% treatment in 20 DAT. The amount of green algae was about twice (9.8 mg/20ml) that of un-treated. Total number of green algae was 54 species(Green algae 35 species, Euglena 9 species, Stone wheel 10 species). Among the phosphoric acid treatment methods, the number of occurrences of green algae were the highest with 39 species in 0-100%, followed by 50-50%, 28 species, conventional treatments, 22 species, non-treatment, 18 species, respectively. Rice Yield was not significantly different by phosphoric treatment time, but slightly higher than un-treated. The maximal algal biomass was observed about 2weeks or 1 month after transplanting; the subsequent decrease of the biomass was related to the consumption by grazers and to a deficient light under the rice canopy. Maximal algal growth was observed just before tillering. To estimate the suitable method of phosphorus application in puddled-soil drill seeding of rice, available phosphorus appearance of algal water bloom, and rice yield were investigated in paddy soil of rice-barley double cropping system.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 1997

실리콘 기판위에 초고진공 Ionized Cluster Beam(UHV-ICB)증착법으로 적층 성장시 킨 $Y_2O_3$ 박막의 결정성 및 구조를 Backscattering Spectroscopy(BS)/channeling을 이용하여 분석하였다. 현재까지 타증착법에 의해 성장된 $Y_2O_3$박막의 channeling 최소수율은 0.8~0.95 로 거의 비정질이거나 다결정이었다. 이에 반해 UHV-ICB법으로 Si(100), Si(111) 기판 위에 적층 성장시킨 $Y_2O_3$ 박막의 channeling 최소수율은 각각 0.28, 0.25로 UHV-ICB법으로 성장 시킨 $Y_2O_3$박막이 타증착법으로 성장시킨 박막보다 상대적으로 우수한 결정성을 지니고 있 었다. 또한 실리콘 기판의 방향에 관계없이 $Y_2O_3$박막의 표면 영역이 계면 영역보다 결정성 이 좋았다. Si(111) 위에 적층 성장한 Y2O3박막은 실리콘 결정과 $0.1^{\circ}$어긋나서 (111)면으로 성장하였고, Si(100) 위에 적층 성장한 $Y_2O_3$박막은 실리콘 결정과 평행하게 double domain 구조를 지닌 (110)면으로 성장하였다. 산소공명 BS/channeling 결과 Si(111) 위에 적층 성장 한 $Y_2O_3$박막의 산소는 결정성을 갖고 있으나 Si(100) 위에 적층 성장한 $Y_2O_3$박막의 산소는 random하게 분포하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2016

Purpose: Existing precedent studies include success factors of individual management innovation activities constantly. However, those studies have limitations about the common key success factors of individual management innovation activities. Methods: For this study, we investigate the key success factors using literature research of the most typical management innovation activities adopted and implemented by many companies in Korea, such as 6sigma, TQM, Lean 6sigma, ERP, TPM, BPR, Project Management, System Engineering. Factors emerging repeatedly was combined into common factors and inherent factors that are necessary for the success of individual management innovation activities are designated to essential factors. Results: 'Essential factors for Six Sigma' consist of 5 items. Black belt operating system, personnel management system linkage, the correct management of the data, perform improvement projects associated with financial performance financial result, linked to financial performance improvement project, project progress management. 'Essential factors of TQM' are arranged 4 items. Quality team's independence and role, goal-setting, Quality Information System, corporate's philosophy of quality first. 'Essential factors of Lean Six Sigma' are the selection of value stream which is based on the customer needs and the value creation and identify the project based on the selected value in the company. 'Essential factors of ERP' are investigated 6 items. Ongoing system maintenance and upgrades, the measurement and support of user satisfaction, the operating systems and the policies for the maintenance, IT infrastructure, change adaption condition monitoring, focusing on improving business performance. 'Essential factors for TPM' are arranged 4 items. Motivated and energetic Bottom-Up, CEO's recognition of the importance facility management, long-term perspective of necessity and ongoing patience. 'Essential factors for BPR' are the pursuit of change process and the staff's sense of crisis management. 'Essential factors for Project Management' are the strategy that reduce the risk management skills through risk management and the understanding and organized management for the project participant's needs. 'Essential factors for System Engineering' consist of 2 items. The first is the design for the best balanced system with pre-analysis about the compromise the cost, schedule and the performance. The second is the analysis of large problem into small problems which can solved. We have found the solution considering components of the interface through the systematic perspective. Conclusion: Common factors and essential factors presented in this study will properly help to introduce the individual management innovation activities for the each business sector and implement management innovation. After this study, new literature research that reflect new studies should accomplish steadily.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.297-311
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• 2012

Since 1997, Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy and Ministry of Environment have established data on some 400 basic raw and subsidiary materials and process like energy, petro-chemical, steel, cement, glass, paper, construction materials, transportation, recycling and disposal etc by initiating establishment of LCI database. Regarding agriculture, Rural Development Administration has conducted establishment of LCI database for major farm products like rice, barley, beans, cabbage and radish etc from 2009, and released that they would establish LCI database for 50 items until 2020 later on. The domestic LCI database for seeds, seedling, agrochemical, inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer etc is only at initial stage of establishment, so overseas LCI databases are brought and being used. However, since the domestic and overseas natural environments differ, they fall behind in reliability. Therefore, this study has the purpose to select organic farming materials, survey the production process for various types of organic farming materials and establish LCI database for the effects of greenhouse gas emitted during the process in order to select carbon basic units for agricultural production system compliant in domestic situation instead of relying on overseas data and apply life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emitted by each crop during the process. As for selecting methods, in this study organic farming materials were selected in the method of direct observation of material and bottom-up method a survey method with focus on the organic farming materials admitted into rice production. For the basic unit of carbon emission amount by the production of 1kg of organic farming material, the software PASS 4.1.1 developed by Korea Accreditation Board under Ministry of Knowledge Economy was used. The study had the goal to ultimately provide basic unit to calculate carbon emission amount in executing many institutions like goal management system and carbon performance display system etc in agricultural sector to be conducted later on. As a result, emission basic units per 1kg of production were calculated to be 0.0088kg-$CO_2$ for charcoal, 0.1319kg-$CO_2$ for grass liquid, and 0.2804kg-$CO_2$ for microbial agent.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

최근 지역주민참여를 기반으로 하는 각종 협약 및 협정에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 경관협정에 대한 관심 또한 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 주민주도로 경관협정이 체결된 수원시 거북시장 경관협정 사례를 중심으로 협정체결과정에서의 의사소통기법과 역할을 살펴보고, 경관협정에 대한 의미를 찾고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 문헌조사와 함께 참여자 심층인터뷰를 실시하여 문헌자료에서 알기 어려운 협정과정에 대한 정보와 의견을 수집하였으며, 체결과정에서 각 주체의 참여정도를 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 협정체결과정에서 교육, 설명회, 세미나 등 다양한 의사소통기법이 활용하였으며, 참여주체별로 역할을 수행과 동시에 주체 간의 관계가 중요함을 확인하였다. 또한, 경관협정에 대한 이해가 부족한 현 시점에서 주민이 중심주체가 되기 위해서는 전문가 역할이 중요하며, 주민역량과 주민주도성이 높아짐에 따라 참여자의 역할이 단계적으로 변화하게 된다. 따라서 중앙정부와 지자체는 이러한 변화과정에 적합한 단계별 제도적 지원방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 단일사례 연구로 일반화되기에는 어렵지만, 경관협정과정을 살펴봄으로써, 경관협정체결에 필요한 사항을 검토하고, 주체별 역할을 확인할 수 있다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있으며, 추후 지속적인 협정사례에 대한 모니터링을 통해 비교 연구함으로써 경관협정제도 정착에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2018

생명체와 같이 살아있는 도시는 성장과 소멸의 과정을 거치는 생태계와 같은 특징을 가지고 있다. 최근의 도시들은 자연발생되는 경우 보다는 설계자에 의해 설계되는 경우가 많은 데, 만약 도시가 최적화되어 설계되지 않으면, 이를 개선하는 것이 매우 어렵다. 이로 인하여, 많은 사람들은 잘못된 설계로 인한 불편을 감수하고, 그러한 도시에 적응하여 살아가게 된다. 그러므로 설계단계에서부터 오류없이 최적화된 도시설계가 이루어지는 것이 중요하다. 도시가 최적화 설계되지 못하는 이유들 중 하나는 복잡성인데, 과거의 도시 설계방법에서 도시의 복잡성 문제를 해결할 때에는 주로 경험과 지식에 의한 하향식 문제해결 방법이 적용되었다. 그런데 이는 도시의 생태적 특성을 반영하지 않는 설계방법으로, 생태계의 생성원리를 적용한 상향식 문제해결 방법이 적용되지 못하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 작은 단위문제 해결의 합이 큰 단위문제 해결이 되는 인공 생명의 일반원리를 도시설계방법에 적용하였다. 그 결과, 다양한 도시설계 대안들을 도출할 수 있었으며, 도출된 대안들은 제한된 모델링 임에도 불구하고 전문가가 설계 한 것과 차이가 없다는 점과 향후 개발의 가능성이 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2007

Purpose: Many options are available for the incision and pocket selection in breast augmentation. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. To leave an invisible operation scar and to achieve easier pocket dissection by the central location of the incision on the breast, we made a transareolar-perinipple incision. To overcome the disadvantages of the transareolar incision, originally advocated by Pitanguy in 1973, we modified the direction of incision line and dissection plane. Methods: To avoid the injury of 4th intercostal nerve responsible for nipple sensation, we made perinipple incision on the medial side of the nipple instead of trans-nipple incision and made the transareolar incision as 11-5 o'clock on the left side and 1-7 o'clock on the right side instead of 3-9 o'clock on both sides. To avoid the possible infection and breast feeding problem caused by the injury to the lactiferous duct, and the possible implant hernia caused by the incisions lying on a same plane of pocket dissection, we made a subcutaneous dissection just above the breast tissue medially down to the bottom of breast tissue and made a subglandular or subfascial pocket, which may avoid the injury of lactiferous duct and create different planes for skin incision and pocket dissection. Other advantages of the transareolar-perinipple incision include easier pocket dissection, less chance of hematoma, and as a result less postoperative pain because of the central location of the approach which allow finger dissection and meticulous bleeding control with direct vision, without any specialized instrument such as an endoscope or long mammary dissectors. As for pocket selection, we made dual pockets. We prefer subglandular or subfascial pocket. Also, we made a subpectoral pocket in the upper 1/4 of the pocket to add more volume on the upper part of the augmented breast, which can make aesthetically more desirable breasts in thin Asian women with small breasts. Possible disadvantages of our method are subclinical infection and scar widening, which could be overcome by meticulous operation techniques, antibiotic therapy, and intradermal tattooing. Results: From September, 2003 to August, 2005, 12 patients underwent breast augmentation using round smooth surface saline implants by our method. During the mean follow-up period of 13 months, there were no complications such as infection, hematoma, capsular contracture, and sensory change of nipple, and results were satisfactory. Conclusion: We suggest breast augmentation via transareolar-perinipple incision and dual pockets(subpectoral-subglandular or subfascial) as a valuable method in thin oriental women with small breasts.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 치아 스플린팅에 사용되는 레진계 재료들의 두께에 따른 중합 능력을 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 레진계 스플린팅 재료로 개발된 Light-Fix와 G-FIX, 수복용과 스플린트용으로 사용 가능한 고흐름성 복합레진인 G-aenial Universal Flo를 사용하여 직경 5 mm, 두께 2, 3, 4, 5 mm의 시편을 각각 10개씩(총 120개) 제작하였다. 비커스 경도 측정기를 이용하여 시편 상면과 하면의 미세경도값을 측정하였다. 각 두께에서 복합레진의 중합정도를 95% 유의수준에서 independent T-test를 이용하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 결과: Light-Fix와 G-FIX는 두께에 상관없이 중합도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. G-aenial Universal Flo는 3 mm 두께부터 유의하게 낮은 중합도를 보였다. 결론: 스플린팅 전용 레진계 재료인 Light-Fix와 G-FIX는 5 mm 두께까지 적절한 광중합이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.