• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.307-310
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• 2009

In this paper, we present a robust shape matching approach based on bottom-up segmentation. We show how over-segmentation results can be used to overcome both ambiguity of contour matching and occlusion. To measure the shape difference between a template and the object in the input, we use oriented chamfer matching. However, in contrast to previous work, we eliminate the affection of the background clutters before calculating the shape differences using over-segmentation results. By this method, we can increase the matching cost interval between true matching and false matching, which gives reliable results. Finally, our experiments also demonstrate that our method is robust despite the presence of occlusion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.221-231
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the business performance determinants of private consulting firms supporting bottom-up local development projects in rural areas. Under the shortage of well-trained rural development professionals, Private consulting firms support rural development projects driven by the residents. Considering the important role for consulting firms to play in the success in rural development projects, it becomes necessary to review the circumstances of consulting market on rural development projects. This study targeted 80 companies that are listed in the book rural development consulting firms. Analysis showed that factors influencing the business performance are not professional competencies but other external factors. The implications based on the above results need to be considered for policy-making to ensure that consulting company selection must be guaranteed of the consulting firms'capability by detailed fields of consulting firms' capability, and the training system for rural development experts must be formed.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 1998

Database summarization is the procedure to obtain generalized and representative descriptions expressing the content of a large amount of database at a glance. We present a top-down summary refinement procedure to discover database summaries. The procedure exploits attribute concept hierarchies that represent ISA relationships among domain concepts. It begins with the most generalized summary and proceeds to find more specialized ones by stepwise refinements. This top-down paradigm reveals at least two important advantages compared to the previous bottom-up methods. Firstly, it provides a natural way of reflecting the user's own discovery preference interactively. Secondly, it does not produce too large intermediate result that makes it hard for the bottom-up approach to be applied in practical environment. The proposed procedure can also be easily extended for distributed databases. Information content measure of a database summary is derived in order to identify more informative summaries among the discovered results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.980-981
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• 2006

In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve full density of Carbon nanotube (CNT)/metal matrix composites with superior mechanical properties by improved particle bonding and least grain growth, which were considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (equal channel angular pressing), the most promising method in SPD, was used for the CNT/Cu powder consolidation. The powder ECAP processing with 1, 2, 4 and 8 route C passes was conducted at room temperature.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2011

The electrical load profiles of end-users must be analysed properly to introduce distributed generation system efficiently. In this study, numerical simulation for predicting a residential electrical load profile was developed to satisfy categorized electricity consumption range. We applied bottom-up approach to compose electrical load profile by using data from official reports and statistics. The electrical load profile produced from the simulation predicted peak times of public report accurately and agreed well with the standard residential electrical load profile of official reports within average error of 16.2%.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.385-418
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• 2010

This study aimed to find the way to help participants build capacity in rural development projects, through some case studies and Q-methodology. Decentralization and diffusion of bottom-up approach in rural development projects are the main contextual factors in this study. With the ethos of bottom-up approach in rural development, the human and financial inputs for capacity building increased drastically in the area of rural development policy. Four types of capacity building methods were identified in this study; training, consulting, learning organization, and forum. Theses methods were used more at planning step than implementation step in rural development projects. The government's effort to strengthen leadership in rural areas should be continued. The existing government's training program for capacity building had better include more diverse clients. Actions for capacity building should be centered on the needs of the participants in fields. Especially, organizing learning units is very important. Governments' rural development policy should establish the proper process which can help local actors plan their projects with enough time span.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.29-32
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• 1983

The paper reports the development of a main memory system with ECC capability based on IEEE 796 bus for a 16 bit microcomputer the development of which was one of the last year's National proj tracts. The top-down approach of the design and the bottom-up approach of the testing resulted in a memory board which demonstrates a better performance and a less expensive cost than those available in the U.S. market.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.15 no.6 s.66
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• pp.150-159
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• 2000

본 논문은 영국의 통신망비용모형을 분석하고 있다. 영국은 1997년 10월부터 가격상한규제방식인 새로운 접속료규제제도를 도입하여 현재 적용해 오고 있다. 이 접속료규제제도는 기본적으로 장기증분비용에 근거한 접속료산정방식으로서 Top-down 방식에 의한 비용모형과 Bottom-up 방식에 의한 비용모형을 절충한 혼합모형을 적용하여 장기증분비용을 산정한 후, 이에 가격상한규제공식을 적용하는 방식이다. 본 논문에서는 우선 영국의 통신망비용모형 개발의 배경으로서 최근의 접속료산정방식의 변화상을 살펴보고 이어 BT가 제시한 Top-down 방식과 ICWG가 개발한 Bottom-up 방식을 각각 분석한 후 이들의 장.단점을 비교 검토하고 우리나라에의 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

In this study, bottom-up type powder processing and top-down type SPD (severe plastic deformation) approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement of Al-20 wt% Si powders without grain growth, which was considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using the conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. ECAP (Equal channel angular pressing), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used for the powder consolidation. The powder ECAP processing with 1, 2, 4 and 8 passes was conducted for 10$0^{\circ}C$ and 20$0^{\circ}C$ It was found by microhardness, compression tests and micro-structure characterization that high mechanical strength could be achieved effectively as a result of the well bonded powder contact surface during ECAP process. The SPD processing of powders is a viable method to achieve both fully density and nanostructured materials.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.441-458
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• 2004

이동망의 착신접속서비스는 각국에서 bottleneck 서비스로 인식하고 규제당국에서 원가에 근거하여 규제하고 있다. 원가에 의한 규제 방식으로 과거에는 회계자료를 근거로 한 역사적 원가가 사용되어 왔으나 최근에는 유선망의 경우처럼 bottom-up 방식의 장기증분원가(Long Run Incremental Cost ： LRIC)를 적용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. LUC를 산정하기 위해서는 공학적인 기준에 따라 이동망을 설계하여 정확한 망 구성요소별 소요량을 측정하고 이를 투자비로 전환하는 작업이 필요하다. 유선망의 경우는 LRIC산정을 위한 망 설계방법론이 비교적 잘 확립되어 있으나, 이동망의 경우는 망 설계 및 망 구성요소별 소요량 산정방법론에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 고에서는bottom-up방식의 이동망 LRIC산정관련 해외 사례를 살펴보고 국내 실정에 적합한 이동망 설계 방법과 망 구성 요소별 소요량 산정 방법론을 제시해보고자 한다.