• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bottom up and inside out

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Study on Through Paths Inside the Air Pressure Pick-Up Head for Non-Contact Gripper (비접촉식 그리퍼 적용을 위한 공기압 파지식 헤드 내부 관통로 고찰)

  • Kim, Joon-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.563-569
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    • 2012
  • In the semiconductor and display device production processes, the handling of sensitive objects needs new carrying technology. Floating carrying motion is a practical alternative solution for non-contact handling of parts and substrates. This paper presents a study of through paths inside the air pressure pick-up head to generate the floating motion. The air motion by conceptual designed paths inside the head gradually develops positive pressure and vacuum between narrow objects. Positive pressure occurs through the head tip before discharging outside of the head. Negative pressure is developed by evacuating the inside head bottom as result of the radial flow connecting the vertical through-holes. The numerical analysis was done to figure out the stable levitation caused by the two acting forces between surfaces. In comparing with the standard case that the levitation gap gets 0.7-0.9 mm, it confirms the suggested head characteristics to show floating capacity in accordance with the head size, number of through-hole, and locations of through-hole in succession of conceptual design for a prototype.

A Study on Selection of Areas for Comprehensive Arrangement Project in Areas of Eup and Myeon (읍·면소재지 종합정비사업 대상지역 선정에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Rok
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2013
  • As policy for regional development in bottom-up style is introduced, each local government reflects opinion of regional residents and experts, and continues to strive for active use of regional capability and natural resources. As a result, there are active movements for regional development in Eup and Myeon unit or village unit inside local government. Comprehensive arrangement project in areas of Eup and Myeon is proceeded with a goal of improvement of life quality for regional residents through strengthening base function of Eup and Myeon areas and improving function of basic service by expanding facility of optimal level available to an unspecified number of the general public such as educational, cultural, welfare facility etc. in Eup and Myeon areas which are base space of rural communities. For analysis method of region for selecting areas where comprehensive arrangement project is done, this study suggested analysis of connection structure based on interaction and analysis of centrality. And empirical analysis was carried out with Buyeo province in Chungcheongnamdo.

Numerical Study on the Design of Vertical Shaft based on the Falling Mechanism of Ore Particles in Glory Hole Mining Method (글로리 홀 채광법에서 광체의 낙하메커니즘을 통한 수갱 안전설계 연구)

  • Choi, Sung-Oong;Kim, Jaedong
    • Journal of Industrial Technology
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    • v.30 no.A
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2010
  • Recently, a large number of open-pit mines are planning to change their mining method to underground types because the environmental concerns and legal regulations are increased with a rise in the standard of living. The K silica mine, which is one of them and located in Kyunggi province, is planning the establishment of a vertical shaft which will be used for ore-pass channel in their new glory hole mining method. This vertical shaft will be designed to join with a horizontal gangway excavated from the ground level. In this new mining system, the excavated ore particles will be stored inside a shaft and transported out with a help of a conveyor belt. Therefore the hang-up of ore particles in a shaft, the control of gate at the bottom of a shaft, the installation of dog-leg at the gate should be investigated identically. In this study, the PFC-2D code which is one of the discrete element numerical methods has been applied to simulate the particle flow mechanism in a shaft, and the optimum mine design has been proposed to maximize the productivity and to minimize the system damage.

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A study on the engineering optimization for the commercial scale coal gasification plant (상용급 석탄가스화플랜트 최적설계에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Byeong-Hyeon;Min, Jong-Sun;Kim, Jae-Hwan
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.131.1-131.1
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted for engineering optimization for the gasification process which is the key factor for success of Taean IGCC gasification plant which has been driven forward under the government support in order to expand to supply new and renewable energy and diminish the burden of the responsibility for the reduction of the green house gas emission. The gasification process consists of coal milling and drying, pressurization and feeding, gasification, quenching and HP syngas cooling, slag removal system, dry flyash removal system, wet scrubbing system, and primary water treatment system. The configuration optimization is essential for the high efficiency and the cost saving. For this purpose, it was designed to have syngas cooler to recover the sensible heat as much as possible from the hot syngas produced from the gasifier which is the dry-feeding and entrained bed slagging type and also applied with the oxygen combustion and the first stage cylindrical upward gas flow. The pressure condition inside of the gasifier is around 40~45Mpg and the temperature condition is up to $1500{\sim}1700^{\circ}C$. It was designed for about 70% out of fly ash to be drained out throughout the quenching water in the bottom part of the gasifier as a type of molten slag flowing down on the membrane wall and finally become a byproduct over the slag removal system. The flyash removal system to capture solid particulates is applied with HPHT ceramic candle filter to stand up against the high pressure and temperature. When it comes to the residual tiny particles after the flyash removal system, wet scurbbing system is applied to finally clean up the solids. The washed-up syngas through the wet scrubber will keep around $130{\sim}135^{\circ}C$, 40~42Mpg and 250 ppmv of hydrochloric acid(HCl) and hydrofluoric acid(HF) at maximum and it is turned over to the gas treatment system for removing toxic gases out of the syngas to comply with the conditions requested from the gas turbine. The result of this study will be utilized to the detailed engineering, procurement and manufacturing of equipments, and construction for the Taean IGCC plant and furthermore it is the baseline technology applicable for the poly-generation such as coal gasification(SNG) and liquefaction(CTL) to reinforce national energy security and create new business models.

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Recent trend and surgical management for panfacial fracture (범안면골 골절의 최근 경향 및 수술개념)

  • Kim, Jin-Wook
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.54 no.10
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    • pp.811-819
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    • 2016
  • Panfacial fracture is extremely difficult to manage facial injuries but concomitant injuries and severe complications including facial esthetic and functional problems can make it harder. Thorough evaluation and closed co-work with other specialists is needed when reduction and fixation cannot be achieved quickly. Emergency bony support and soft tissue key suture provide the patients with airway integrity, hard and soft tissue vitality. A systemic treatment plan must be made by 3D CT image. This plan include airway management for surgery, sequence of reduction and fixation, approach method, soft tissue resuspension and reconstruction of lost tissue like inferior orbital wall, zygomaic buttress and soft tissue. From known to unknown structures, accurate reduction and fixation will provide proper occlusion, facial projection, width, hight and function. Consideration about facial retaining ligaments must be given to prevent soft tissue sagging.

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Local Revitalization Movement through Revival of Traditional Ceramic Industry in Japan - A Case of Mashiko-cho in Tochigi-ken (전통 도자기산업의 부활과 지역활성화운동 -일본 토치기현(栃木縣) 마시코정(益子町)의 사례-)

  • Hong, Sung-Heup
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.597-612
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    • 2009
  • This paper is an anthropological study on the regional revitalization movement by the traditional ceramic industry in Mashiko-cho, Japan. It especially deals with the issues like history of revitalization based on ceramics, idealogical features and roles of core activist group, and adaptive strategies of local society to the ever-changing circumstances. The ceramic industry of Mashiko-cho had developed vigorously in 19C, and had passed many critical points in 20C. In 1960s, the ceramic industry of Mashiko-cho developed stably through introducing of Mingei(民藝) ideology and artists. This is evaluated as a 'bottom-up' regional revitalization movement and a active utilization of traditional cultural resources. In Mashiko-cho, the ideological leadership of cultural artist groups have been central roles in the regional revitalization movement. The representative cases are transformation of production of ordinary ceramics to production of Mingei ceramics from the middle of 1950s, official organization of core activist group and establishment of direct sale system by the producers in the middle of 1960s, and full-scale cooperation of private sector and public sector from the beginning of 1980s. Nonetheless the regional revitalization movement by the traditional ceramic industry in Mashikocho have come out well up to now, it should make new tradition which is well-matched to the ever-changing circumstances as seeing various and complex differentiation on the inside of local society.

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Performance Analysis of the Powerline Communication for Condition Monitoring System of an MW Class Offshore Wind Turbine's Nacelle (MW급 해상풍력발전기 나셀의 상태 감시를 위한 전력선 통신 성능 분석)

  • Sohn, Kyung-Rak;Kim, Kyoung-Hwa;Jeong, Seong-Uk;Nam, Seung-Yun;Kim, Hyun-Sik
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2016
  • The goal of this study is to implement a communication system that can monitor the status of the nacelle using the power cable itself, without the dedicated communication lines such as an UTP cable and optical fiber for the offshore wind turbine. An inductive coupling powerline communication system for a MW class offshore wind turbine was proposed and its communication performance was demonstrated. The inductive couplers was designed for operation at up to 500 A using a ferrite composite materials. Field test was carried out on the wind farms of Jeju island. Using the iperf communication test program, we have obtained more than 15 Mbps data transmission rate through the 100 m power cable that was installed between the nacelle and the bottom of the power converter. In the data transmission stability test for a week, there was no failure ever. The minimum transmission rate was 15 Mbps and the average data rate was about 20 Mbps. Next, we have installed an infrared camera inside the nacelle in order to measure the temperature distribution and variation of the nacelle. The real-time thermal image taken by the camera was successfully sent to the monitoring system without error.

The Long-term Variations of Water Qualities in the Saemangeum Salt-Water Lake after the Sea-dike Construction (방조제 체절이후 새만금호의 장기적인 수질변화)

  • Jeong, Yong Hoon;Yang, Jae Sam
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 2015
  • In order to investigation long-term variations of water qualities in the Saemangeum Salt-Water Lake formed after the sea-dike construction, the survey has carried out over 40 time from 2002 to 2010. The decreased salinity in surface water immediately after the dike construction has maintained on equal terms for years. After the dike construction, the early concentration of SPM in surface water has decreased but then it showed the tendency to move up and down due to the changes of water level in the lake. The elevated concentration of Chl-a in surface water initially after the dike construction was kept at the same conditions for years. The concentration of DIN in surface water has not changed before and shortly after the dike construction. However, the concentration of $NH_4-N$ in surface water has increased steadily after the dike construction. Consequently the concentration of DIN in the lake water after years has raised compared to pre-dike construction. The reduced concentration of DIP in surface water soon after the dike construction has increased after years as well as $NH_4-N$ due to the accumulation of organic matter to inside lake. Unlike with the unvaried $NO_3-N$, the concentration of DISi in surface water after the dike construction has immediately increased and maintained the enhanced level indicating the supply from other sources except the freshwater. Since the dike construction, the spatial characteristics of water quality was divided river sides and rest of the lake markedly. Stratification of river sides was more strong than the dike sides. In the warm seasons, hypoxia causing the release of nutrients and metals from sediment was observed downward about 1 m from surface of river sides. We strongly suggest to make some urgent measure to prevent low dissolved oxygen condition in the bottom layer of the river sides.

A Study on the Costume Style of Civil Servants' Stone Images Erected at Tombs of the Kings for Yi-dynasty (조선왕조(朝鮮王朝) 왕릉(王陵) 문인석상(文人石像)의 복식형태(服飾形態)에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon, Yong-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.4
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    • pp.87-114
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    • 1981
  • A costume reveals the social characteristics of the era in which it is worn, thus we can say that the history of change of the costume is the history of change of the living culture of the era. Since the Three States era, the costume structure of this country had been affected by the costume system of the China's historical dynasties in the form of the grant therefrom because of geographical conditions, which affection was conspicuous for the bureaucrat class, particularly including but not limited to the Kings' familities. Such a grant of the costume for the bureaucrat class (i.e., official uniform) was first given by the Dang-dynasty at the age of Queen Jinduck, the 28th of the Shilla-dynasty. Since then, the costume for the bureaucrats had consecutively been affected as the ages had gone from the unified Shilla, to the Koryo and to the Yi-dynasty. As the full costumes officially used by government officials (generally called "Baek Gwan") in the Yidynasty, there existed Jo-bok, Gong-bok and Sang-bok. Of such official costumes, Gong-bok was worn at the time of conducting official affairs of the dynasty, making a respectful visit for the expression of thanks or meeting diplomatic missions of foreign countries. It appears no study was made yet with regard to the Gong-bok while the studies on the Jo-bok and the Sangbok were made. Therefore, this article is, by rendering a study and research on the styles of costumes of civil servants' stone images erected at the Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty, to help the persons concerned understand the Gong-bok, one of the official costume for Baek Kwan of that age and further purports to specifically identify the styles and changes of the Gong-bok, worn by Baek Gwan during the Yi-dynasty, consisting of the Bok-doo (a hat, four angled and two storied with flat top), Po (gown), Dae (belt), and Hol (small and thin plate which was officially held by the government officials in hand, showing the courtesy to and writing brief memorandums before the King) and Hwa (shoes). For that purpose, I investigated by actually visiting the tombs of the Kings of the Yi-dynasty including the Geonwon-neung, the tomb of the first King Tae-jo and the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong as well as the tombs of the lawful wives and concubines of various Kings, totalling 29 tombs and made reference to relevant books and records. Pursuant. to this study, of the 29 Kings' tombs the costume styles of civil servants' stone images erected at the 26 Kings' tombs are those of Gong-bok for Baek-gwan of the Yi-dynasty wearing Bok-doo as a hat and Ban-ryeong or Dan-ryenog Po as a gown with Dae, holding Hol in hand and wearing shoes. Other than those of the 26 tombs, the costume styles of the Ryu-neung, the tomb of the Moon-jo who was the first son of 23rd King Soon-jo and given the King's title after he died and of the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong are those of Jobok with Yang-gwan (a sort of hat having stripes erected, which is different from the Bok-doo), and that of the Hong-neung, the tomb of the 26th King Go-jong shows an exceptional one wearing Yang-gwan and Ban-ryeong Po ; these costume styles other than Gongbok remain as the subject for further study. Gong-bok which is the costume style of civil servants' stone images of most of the Kings' tombs had not been changed in its basic structure for about 500 years of the Yi-dynasty and Koryo categorized by the class of officials pursuant to the color of Po and materials of Dae and Hol. Summary of this costume style follows: (1) Gwan-mo (hat). The Gwan-mo style of civil servants' stone images of the 26 Kings' tombs, other than Ryu-neung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have Yang-gwan, out of the 29 Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty reveals the Bok-doo with four angled top, having fore-part and back-part divided. Back part of the Bok-doo is double the fore-part in height. The expression of the Gak (wings of the Bokdoo) varies: the Gyo-gak Bok-doo in that the Gaks, roundly arisen to the direction of the top, are clossed each other (tombs of the Kings Tae-jong), the downward style Jeon-gak Bok-doo in that soft Gaks are hanged on the shoulders (tombs of the Kings Joong-jong and Seong-jong) and another types of Jeon-gak Bok-doo having Gaks which arearisen steeply or roundly to the direction of top and the end of which are treated in a rounded or straight line form. At the lower edge one protrusive line distinctly reveals. Exceptionally, there reveals 11 Yang-gwan (gwan having 11 stripes erected) at the Ryu-neung of the King Moon-jo, 9 Yang-gwan at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong and 11 Yang-gwan at the You-neung of the King Soon-jong; noting that the Yang-gwan of Baek Kwan, granted by the Myeong-dynasty of the China during the Yi-dynasty, was in the shape of 5 Yang-gwan for the first Poom (class) based on the principle of "Yideung Chaegang" (gradual degrading for secondary level), the above-mentioned Yang-gwans are very contrary to the principle and I do not touch such issue in this study, leaving for further study. (2) Po (gown). (a) Git (collar). Collar style of Po was the Ban-ryeong (round collar) having small neck-line in the early stage and was changed to the Dan-ryeong (round collar having deep neck-line) in the middle of the: dynasty. In the Dan-ryeong style of the middle era (shown at the tomb of the King Young-jo); a, thin line such as bias is shown around the internal side edge and the width of collar became wide a little. It is particularly noted that the Ryu-neung established in the middle stage and the You-neung in the later stage show civil servants in Jo-bok with the the Jikryeong (straight collar) Po and in case of the Hong-neung, the Hong-neung, the tomb of the King Go-jong, civil servants, although they wear Yang-gwan, are in the Ban-ryeong Po with Hoo-soo (back embroidery) and Dae and wear shoes as used in the Jo-bok style. As I could not make clear the theoretical basis of why the civil servants' costume styles revealed, at these tombs of the Kings are different from those of other tombs, I left this issue for further study. It is also noted that all the civil servants' stone images show the shape of triangled collar which is revealed over the Godae-git of Po. This triangled collar, I believe, would be the collar of the Cheomri which was worn in the middle of the Po and the underwear, (b) Sleeve. The sleeve was in the Gwan-soo (wide sleeve) style. having the width of over 100 centimeter from the early stage to the later stage arid in the Doo-ri sleeve style having the edge slightly rounded and we can recognize that it was the long sleeve in view of block fold shaped protrusive line, expressed on the arms. At the age of the King Young-jo, the sleeve-end became slightly narrow and as a result, the lower line of the sleeve were shaped curved. We can see another shape of narrow sleeve inside the wide sleeve-end, which should be the sleeve of the Cheom-ri worn under the Gong-bok. (c) Moo. The Moo revealed on the Po of civil servants' stone images at the age of the King Sook-jong' coming to the middle era. Initially the top of the Moo was expressed flat but the Moo was gradually changed to the triangled shape with the acute top. In certain cases, top or lower part of the Moo are not reveald because of wear and tear. (d) Yeomim. Yeomim (folding) of the Po was first expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Won-neung, the tomb of the King Young-jo and we can seemore delicate expression of the Yeomim and Goreum (stripe folding and fixing the lapel of the Po) at the tomb of the Jeongseong-wanghoo, the wife of the King Young-jo, At the age of the King Soon-jo, we can see the shape of Goreum similar to a string rather than the Goreum and the upper part of the Goreum which fixes Yeomim was expressed on the right sleeve. (3) Dae. Dae fixed on the Po was placed half of the length of Po from the shoulders in the early stage. Thereafter, at the age of the King Hyeon-jong it was shown on the slightly upper part. placed around one third of the length of Po. With regard to the design of Dae, all the civil servants' stone images of the Kings' tombs other than those of the Geonwon-neung of the King Tae-jo show single or double protrusive line expressed at the edge of Dae and in the middle of such lines, cloud pattern, dangcho (a grass) pattern, chrysanthemum pattern or other various types of flowery patterns were designed. Remaining portion of the waist Dae was hanged up on the back, which was initially expressed as directed from the left to the right but thereafter expressed. without orderly fashion,. to the direction of the left from the right and vice versa, Dae was in the shape of Yaja Dae. In this regard, an issue of when or where such a disorderly fashion of the direction of the remaining portion of waist Dae was originated is also presented to be clarified. In case of the Ryuneung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have civil servants' stone images wearing exceptional costume (Jo-bok), waist Dae of the Ryu-neung and Hong-neung are designed in the mixture of dual cranes pattern, cosecutive beaded pattern and chrvsenthemum pattern and that of You-neung is designed in cloud pattern. (4) Hol. Although materials of the Hol held in hand of civil servants' stone images are not identifiable, those should be the ivory Hol as all the Baek Gwan's erected as stone images should be high class officials. In the styles, no significant changes were found, however the Hol's expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Yi-dynasty were shaped in round top and angled bottom or round top and bottom. Parcicularly, at the age of the King Young-jo the Hol was expressed in the peculiar type with four angles all cut off. (5) Hwa (shoes). As the shoes expressed on civil servants' stone images are covered with the lower edges of the Po, the styles thereof are not exactly identifiable. However, reading the statement "black leather shoes for the first class (1 Poom) to ninth class (9 Poom)," recorded in the Gyeongkook Daejon, we can believe that the shoes were worn. As the age went on, the front tips of the shoes were soared and particularly, at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong the shoes were obviously expressed with modern sense as the country were civilized.

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