• 제목/요약/키워드: Bottom up and inside out

검색결과 9건 처리시간 0.029초

비접촉식 그리퍼 적용을 위한 공기압 파지식 헤드 내부 관통로 고찰 (Study on Through Paths Inside the Air Pressure Pick-Up Head for Non-Contact Gripper)

  • 김준현
    • 한국생산제조학회지
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.563-569
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    • 2012
  • In the semiconductor and display device production processes, the handling of sensitive objects needs new carrying technology. Floating carrying motion is a practical alternative solution for non-contact handling of parts and substrates. This paper presents a study of through paths inside the air pressure pick-up head to generate the floating motion. The air motion by conceptual designed paths inside the head gradually develops positive pressure and vacuum between narrow objects. Positive pressure occurs through the head tip before discharging outside of the head. Negative pressure is developed by evacuating the inside head bottom as result of the radial flow connecting the vertical through-holes. The numerical analysis was done to figure out the stable levitation caused by the two acting forces between surfaces. In comparing with the standard case that the levitation gap gets 0.7-0.9 mm, it confirms the suggested head characteristics to show floating capacity in accordance with the head size, number of through-hole, and locations of through-hole in succession of conceptual design for a prototype.

읍·면소재지 종합정비사업 대상지역 선정에 관한 연구 (A Study on Selection of Areas for Comprehensive Arrangement Project in Areas of Eup and Myeon)

  • 김성록
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2013
  • As policy for regional development in bottom-up style is introduced, each local government reflects opinion of regional residents and experts, and continues to strive for active use of regional capability and natural resources. As a result, there are active movements for regional development in Eup and Myeon unit or village unit inside local government. Comprehensive arrangement project in areas of Eup and Myeon is proceeded with a goal of improvement of life quality for regional residents through strengthening base function of Eup and Myeon areas and improving function of basic service by expanding facility of optimal level available to an unspecified number of the general public such as educational, cultural, welfare facility etc. in Eup and Myeon areas which are base space of rural communities. For analysis method of region for selecting areas where comprehensive arrangement project is done, this study suggested analysis of connection structure based on interaction and analysis of centrality. And empirical analysis was carried out with Buyeo province in Chungcheongnamdo.

글로리 홀 채광법에서 광체의 낙하메커니즘을 통한 수갱 안전설계 연구 (Numerical Study on the Design of Vertical Shaft based on the Falling Mechanism of Ore Particles in Glory Hole Mining Method)

  • 최성웅;김재동
    • 산업기술연구
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    • 제30권A호
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2010
  • Recently, a large number of open-pit mines are planning to change their mining method to underground types because the environmental concerns and legal regulations are increased with a rise in the standard of living. The K silica mine, which is one of them and located in Kyunggi province, is planning the establishment of a vertical shaft which will be used for ore-pass channel in their new glory hole mining method. This vertical shaft will be designed to join with a horizontal gangway excavated from the ground level. In this new mining system, the excavated ore particles will be stored inside a shaft and transported out with a help of a conveyor belt. Therefore the hang-up of ore particles in a shaft, the control of gate at the bottom of a shaft, the installation of dog-leg at the gate should be investigated identically. In this study, the PFC-2D code which is one of the discrete element numerical methods has been applied to simulate the particle flow mechanism in a shaft, and the optimum mine design has been proposed to maximize the productivity and to minimize the system damage.

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상용급 석탄가스화플랜트 최적설계에 관한 연구 (A study on the engineering optimization for the commercial scale coal gasification plant)

  • 김병현;민종선;김재환
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.131.1-131.1
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted for engineering optimization for the gasification process which is the key factor for success of Taean IGCC gasification plant which has been driven forward under the government support in order to expand to supply new and renewable energy and diminish the burden of the responsibility for the reduction of the green house gas emission. The gasification process consists of coal milling and drying, pressurization and feeding, gasification, quenching and HP syngas cooling, slag removal system, dry flyash removal system, wet scrubbing system, and primary water treatment system. The configuration optimization is essential for the high efficiency and the cost saving. For this purpose, it was designed to have syngas cooler to recover the sensible heat as much as possible from the hot syngas produced from the gasifier which is the dry-feeding and entrained bed slagging type and also applied with the oxygen combustion and the first stage cylindrical upward gas flow. The pressure condition inside of the gasifier is around 40~45Mpg and the temperature condition is up to $1500{\sim}1700^{\circ}C$. It was designed for about 70% out of fly ash to be drained out throughout the quenching water in the bottom part of the gasifier as a type of molten slag flowing down on the membrane wall and finally become a byproduct over the slag removal system. The flyash removal system to capture solid particulates is applied with HPHT ceramic candle filter to stand up against the high pressure and temperature. When it comes to the residual tiny particles after the flyash removal system, wet scurbbing system is applied to finally clean up the solids. The washed-up syngas through the wet scrubber will keep around $130{\sim}135^{\circ}C$, 40~42Mpg and 250 ppmv of hydrochloric acid(HCl) and hydrofluoric acid(HF) at maximum and it is turned over to the gas treatment system for removing toxic gases out of the syngas to comply with the conditions requested from the gas turbine. The result of this study will be utilized to the detailed engineering, procurement and manufacturing of equipments, and construction for the Taean IGCC plant and furthermore it is the baseline technology applicable for the poly-generation such as coal gasification(SNG) and liquefaction(CTL) to reinforce national energy security and create new business models.

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범안면골 골절의 최근 경향 및 수술개념 (Recent trend and surgical management for panfacial fracture)

  • 김진욱
    • 대한치과의사협회지
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    • 제54권10호
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    • pp.811-819
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    • 2016
  • 범안면골 골절은 안면부 손상 그 자체로도 치료가 까다롭고 어렵지만, 동반된 다른 신체 중요 장기의 손상 등과 함께 치료 후 에도 남을 수 있는 안면의 심미적, 기능적 문제들 때문에 더욱 치료가 힘들어 질 수 있다. 뇌손상 등의 중요 장기 손상으로 인해 수술이 빠른 시일 내에 시행되지 못할 때에는 관련 의학분과와의 긴밀한 협진 하에 수술 전 처치가 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 하며, 연조직을 포함한 골절편 등 안면 구조물들이 손상되지 않고 전체적인 형태를 유지할 수 있도록 응급 처치가 되어야 한다. 3D CT 등의 영상진단을 통해 안면골 골절을 치료하기 위한 전체적인 계획을 수립해야 한다. 이 계획에는 수술을 위한 기도확보 방법, 골절의 정복 고정 순서, 접근 방법, 안구, 코 등의 재건 방법 그리고 연조직에 손상에 대한 처치가 포함된다. 수술 시에는 환자 개개인의 상황에 맞춰 되도록 정확한 정복과 고정이 가능한 안면구조물에서 부터 시작하여 교합을 형성하고, 안면골의 유기적인 관계에 유의하여 삼차원적인 구조를 재위치 시킬 수 있도록 해야 한다. 연조직 봉합 시에는 얼굴 피부의 처짐 등을 방지하기 위해 골막, 근막 및 중요 안면 인대들을 고려하여 시행하여야 한다.

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전통 도자기산업의 부활과 지역활성화운동 -일본 토치기현(栃木縣) 마시코정(益子町)의 사례- (Local Revitalization Movement through Revival of Traditional Ceramic Industry in Japan - A Case of Mashiko-cho in Tochigi-ken)

  • 홍성흡
    • 한국경제지리학회지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.597-612
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    • 2009
  • 이 연구에서는 도자기를 모티브로 한 일본의 한 농촌지역의 지역활성화운동의 사례를 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 도자기가 지역활성화의 모티브가 된 역사와 핵심 활동가집단의 이념적 특성과 역할, 그리고 변화하는 현실에 대한 지역사회의 대응전략 등을 중점적으로 검토하였다. 마시코(益子)지역의 도자기산업은 19세기에 본격적으로 발전하기 시작하였고, 20세기에 접어들어서 여러 번 고비를 겪었지만 1960년대부터 민예운동과 결합되면서 비교적 안정적으로 도자기산업이 성장하였다. 이러한 마시코의 경험은 1980년대 말 이후 일본정부가 주력하였던 '위로부터의' 지역활성화운동과는 달리 자생적인 '밑으로부터의' 지역활성화운동이라고 평가할 수 있다. 또한 일본 전국에 유행처럼 번진 지역활성화운동들보다 선행하여 지역의 전통적이고 토착적인 문화적 자원을 적극적으로 활용한 사례라고 할 수 있다. 민예운동과 결합한 마시코의 지역활성화운동은 문화예술가 집단의 이념적 지도를 바탕으로 부단히 변화하는 현실의 상황들에 적극적으로 대응하여 왔다. 그 대표적인 예로 들 수 있는 것이 1950년대 중반부터 일용 도자기생산으로부터 민예품 도자기생산으로의 전환과 1960년대 중반의 도자기생산 및 판매의 핵심활동가집단의 공식적 출범과 산지직매체계의 구축, 그리고 1980년대 이후의 본격적인 민관협력 등이다. 현재까지 도자기를 모티브로 한 마시코의 지역활성화운동은 비교적 성공적인 길을 걸어왔지만, 지역사회의 다양하고 복잡한 최근의 내부 분화는 현실의 조건에 맞게 새로운 전통을 만들어가야 하는 상황에 놓여 있다는 것을 말해준다.

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MW급 해상풍력발전기 나셀의 상태 감시를 위한 전력선 통신 성능 분석 (Performance Analysis of the Powerline Communication for Condition Monitoring System of an MW Class Offshore Wind Turbine's Nacelle)

  • 손경락;김경화;김현식;정성욱;남승윤
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 해상풍력발전기에 추가적인 통신전용선로를 확보하지 않고도 자체 전력선을 이용하여 나셀의 상태를 감시할 수 있는 시스템을 구현하는 것을 목표로 한다. MW 급 해상풍력발전기의 내부 전력선을 훼손하지 않고도 통신선로를 확보하기 위하여 유도성 결합기 기반 비접촉식 무배선 통신시스템을 제안하고 성능시험 결과를 보고한다. 페라이트 복합물질을 이용하여 최대 500 A의 고 전류에도 동작할 수 있는 전력선 통신용 유도성 결합기를 개발하였으며 제주도 풍력단지에서 실증시험을 진행하였다. iperf를 이용한 통신성능시험에서 풍력발전기 나셀부와 하단 기저부의 전력변환기간 100 m 길이의 전력선으로 최소 15 Mbps 이상의 통신 속도를 안정적으로 확보할 수 있음을 보였다. 이를 바탕으로 1 주일간의 연속적인 통신상태 시험을 수행하였으며 평균 20 Mbps의 데이터 전송률을 확인하였다. 시험기간 동안 단한번의 통신 불량도 발생하지 않았다. 다음으로 나셀 내부 온도 분포와 변화를 측정하기 위하여 적외선 카메라를 설치하였다. 카메라에서 획득한 실시간 열화상 이미지가 오류 없이 성공적으로 전송됨을 확인하였다.

방조제 체절이후 새만금호의 장기적인 수질변화 (The Long-term Variations of Water Qualities in the Saemangeum Salt-Water Lake after the Sea-dike Construction)

  • 정용훈;양재삼
    • 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 2015
  • 새만금 방조제 건설로 조성된 새만금호의 장기적인 수질의 변화를 조사하기 위해 2002년부터 2010년까지 총 40회에 걸쳐 현장조사를 수행하였다. 호 내 표층수의 염분은 방조제 끝물막이 직후 감소하여 장기간 감소된 상태를 유지하였다. 방조제 끝물막이 직후에 표층수의 SPM은 감소하였으나, 이후 호 내 수위 변동과 관련하여 증가하다 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 표층수의 Chl-a는 방조제 끝물막이 직후부터 증가하여 장기간 동안 계속 증가된 상태를 유지하였다. 표층수의 DIN 항목들은 방조제 끝물막이 직후에는 변화가 없었으나, 이후 $NH_4-N$은 증가(90%)하였다. 표층수의 DIP는 방조제 끝물막이 직후에는 감소하였으나, 이후 증가(264%)하였다. $NH_4-N$과 DIP의 증가는 새만금호의 장기적인 유기물의 축적과 관련된 것으로 판단된다. 표층수의 $NO_3-N$은 방조제 끝물막이 이후 변화가 없는 반면, DISi는 방조제 끝물막이 직후부터 증가하여 계속 증가된 상태를 유지하고 있어 담수 기원 이외의 다른 유입원으로부터 공급되고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 새만금 방조제 끝물막이 이후 호 내의 수질은 공간적으로 강하구와 나머지 지역들로 뚜렷하게 구분되는 특징을 보이고 있으며, 성층은 방조제 쪽보다 강하구 쪽에서 더 강하게 관측되었다. 특히 하계에 강하구 쪽에서 강한 염분 성층과 함께 표층에서 약 1 m 이하로 저산소 상태가 관측되었다. 저산소층의 형성은 퇴적물로부터 영양염 및 중금속 등의 용출을 유발시킴으로서 수질악화를 가속화시킬 우려가 있음으로 이에 대한 대책이 시급하게 필요하다.

조선왕조(朝鮮王朝) 왕릉(王陵) 문인석상(文人石像)의 복식형태(服飾形態)에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Costume Style of Civil Servants' Stone Images Erected at Tombs of the Kings for Yi-dynasty)

  • 권용옥
    • 복식
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.87-114
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    • 1981
  • A costume reveals the social characteristics of the era in which it is worn, thus we can say that the history of change of the costume is the history of change of the living culture of the era. Since the Three States era, the costume structure of this country had been affected by the costume system of the China's historical dynasties in the form of the grant therefrom because of geographical conditions, which affection was conspicuous for the bureaucrat class, particularly including but not limited to the Kings' familities. Such a grant of the costume for the bureaucrat class (i.e., official uniform) was first given by the Dang-dynasty at the age of Queen Jinduck, the 28th of the Shilla-dynasty. Since then, the costume for the bureaucrats had consecutively been affected as the ages had gone from the unified Shilla, to the Koryo and to the Yi-dynasty. As the full costumes officially used by government officials (generally called "Baek Gwan") in the Yidynasty, there existed Jo-bok, Gong-bok and Sang-bok. Of such official costumes, Gong-bok was worn at the time of conducting official affairs of the dynasty, making a respectful visit for the expression of thanks or meeting diplomatic missions of foreign countries. It appears no study was made yet with regard to the Gong-bok while the studies on the Jo-bok and the Sangbok were made. Therefore, this article is, by rendering a study and research on the styles of costumes of civil servants' stone images erected at the Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty, to help the persons concerned understand the Gong-bok, one of the official costume for Baek Kwan of that age and further purports to specifically identify the styles and changes of the Gong-bok, worn by Baek Gwan during the Yi-dynasty, consisting of the Bok-doo (a hat, four angled and two storied with flat top), Po (gown), Dae (belt), and Hol (small and thin plate which was officially held by the government officials in hand, showing the courtesy to and writing brief memorandums before the King) and Hwa (shoes). For that purpose, I investigated by actually visiting the tombs of the Kings of the Yi-dynasty including the Geonwon-neung, the tomb of the first King Tae-jo and the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong as well as the tombs of the lawful wives and concubines of various Kings, totalling 29 tombs and made reference to relevant books and records. Pursuant. to this study, of the 29 Kings' tombs the costume styles of civil servants' stone images erected at the 26 Kings' tombs are those of Gong-bok for Baek-gwan of the Yi-dynasty wearing Bok-doo as a hat and Ban-ryeong or Dan-ryenog Po as a gown with Dae, holding Hol in hand and wearing shoes. Other than those of the 26 tombs, the costume styles of the Ryu-neung, the tomb of the Moon-jo who was the first son of 23rd King Soon-jo and given the King's title after he died and of the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong are those of Jobok with Yang-gwan (a sort of hat having stripes erected, which is different from the Bok-doo), and that of the Hong-neung, the tomb of the 26th King Go-jong shows an exceptional one wearing Yang-gwan and Ban-ryeong Po ; these costume styles other than Gongbok remain as the subject for further study. Gong-bok which is the costume style of civil servants' stone images of most of the Kings' tombs had not been changed in its basic structure for about 500 years of the Yi-dynasty and Koryo categorized by the class of officials pursuant to the color of Po and materials of Dae and Hol. Summary of this costume style follows: (1) Gwan-mo (hat). The Gwan-mo style of civil servants' stone images of the 26 Kings' tombs, other than Ryu-neung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have Yang-gwan, out of the 29 Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty reveals the Bok-doo with four angled top, having fore-part and back-part divided. Back part of the Bok-doo is double the fore-part in height. The expression of the Gak (wings of the Bokdoo) varies: the Gyo-gak Bok-doo in that the Gaks, roundly arisen to the direction of the top, are clossed each other (tombs of the Kings Tae-jong), the downward style Jeon-gak Bok-doo in that soft Gaks are hanged on the shoulders (tombs of the Kings Joong-jong and Seong-jong) and another types of Jeon-gak Bok-doo having Gaks which arearisen steeply or roundly to the direction of top and the end of which are treated in a rounded or straight line form. At the lower edge one protrusive line distinctly reveals. Exceptionally, there reveals 11 Yang-gwan (gwan having 11 stripes erected) at the Ryu-neung of the King Moon-jo, 9 Yang-gwan at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong and 11 Yang-gwan at the You-neung of the King Soon-jong; noting that the Yang-gwan of Baek Kwan, granted by the Myeong-dynasty of the China during the Yi-dynasty, was in the shape of 5 Yang-gwan for the first Poom (class) based on the principle of "Yideung Chaegang" (gradual degrading for secondary level), the above-mentioned Yang-gwans are very contrary to the principle and I do not touch such issue in this study, leaving for further study. (2) Po (gown). (a) Git (collar). Collar style of Po was the Ban-ryeong (round collar) having small neck-line in the early stage and was changed to the Dan-ryeong (round collar having deep neck-line) in the middle of the: dynasty. In the Dan-ryeong style of the middle era (shown at the tomb of the King Young-jo); a, thin line such as bias is shown around the internal side edge and the width of collar became wide a little. It is particularly noted that the Ryu-neung established in the middle stage and the You-neung in the later stage show civil servants in Jo-bok with the the Jikryeong (straight collar) Po and in case of the Hong-neung, the Hong-neung, the tomb of the King Go-jong, civil servants, although they wear Yang-gwan, are in the Ban-ryeong Po with Hoo-soo (back embroidery) and Dae and wear shoes as used in the Jo-bok style. As I could not make clear the theoretical basis of why the civil servants' costume styles revealed, at these tombs of the Kings are different from those of other tombs, I left this issue for further study. It is also noted that all the civil servants' stone images show the shape of triangled collar which is revealed over the Godae-git of Po. This triangled collar, I believe, would be the collar of the Cheomri which was worn in the middle of the Po and the underwear, (b) Sleeve. The sleeve was in the Gwan-soo (wide sleeve) style. having the width of over 100 centimeter from the early stage to the later stage arid in the Doo-ri sleeve style having the edge slightly rounded and we can recognize that it was the long sleeve in view of block fold shaped protrusive line, expressed on the arms. At the age of the King Young-jo, the sleeve-end became slightly narrow and as a result, the lower line of the sleeve were shaped curved. We can see another shape of narrow sleeve inside the wide sleeve-end, which should be the sleeve of the Cheom-ri worn under the Gong-bok. (c) Moo. The Moo revealed on the Po of civil servants' stone images at the age of the King Sook-jong' coming to the middle era. Initially the top of the Moo was expressed flat but the Moo was gradually changed to the triangled shape with the acute top. In certain cases, top or lower part of the Moo are not reveald because of wear and tear. (d) Yeomim. Yeomim (folding) of the Po was first expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Won-neung, the tomb of the King Young-jo and we can seemore delicate expression of the Yeomim and Goreum (stripe folding and fixing the lapel of the Po) at the tomb of the Jeongseong-wanghoo, the wife of the King Young-jo, At the age of the King Soon-jo, we can see the shape of Goreum similar to a string rather than the Goreum and the upper part of the Goreum which fixes Yeomim was expressed on the right sleeve. (3) Dae. Dae fixed on the Po was placed half of the length of Po from the shoulders in the early stage. Thereafter, at the age of the King Hyeon-jong it was shown on the slightly upper part. placed around one third of the length of Po. With regard to the design of Dae, all the civil servants' stone images of the Kings' tombs other than those of the Geonwon-neung of the King Tae-jo show single or double protrusive line expressed at the edge of Dae and in the middle of such lines, cloud pattern, dangcho (a grass) pattern, chrysanthemum pattern or other various types of flowery patterns were designed. Remaining portion of the waist Dae was hanged up on the back, which was initially expressed as directed from the left to the right but thereafter expressed. without orderly fashion,. to the direction of the left from the right and vice versa, Dae was in the shape of Yaja Dae. In this regard, an issue of when or where such a disorderly fashion of the direction of the remaining portion of waist Dae was originated is also presented to be clarified. In case of the Ryuneung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have civil servants' stone images wearing exceptional costume (Jo-bok), waist Dae of the Ryu-neung and Hong-neung are designed in the mixture of dual cranes pattern, cosecutive beaded pattern and chrvsenthemum pattern and that of You-neung is designed in cloud pattern. (4) Hol. Although materials of the Hol held in hand of civil servants' stone images are not identifiable, those should be the ivory Hol as all the Baek Gwan's erected as stone images should be high class officials. In the styles, no significant changes were found, however the Hol's expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Yi-dynasty were shaped in round top and angled bottom or round top and bottom. Parcicularly, at the age of the King Young-jo the Hol was expressed in the peculiar type with four angles all cut off. (5) Hwa (shoes). As the shoes expressed on civil servants' stone images are covered with the lower edges of the Po, the styles thereof are not exactly identifiable. However, reading the statement "black leather shoes for the first class (1 Poom) to ninth class (9 Poom)," recorded in the Gyeongkook Daejon, we can believe that the shoes were worn. As the age went on, the front tips of the shoes were soared and particularly, at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong the shoes were obviously expressed with modern sense as the country were civilized.

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