• 지구물리
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 1999

남극 브랜스필드 해협에서 획득한 탄성파 자료로부터 다중반사파와 해저면 반사파의 진폭비를 이용하여 해저면 반사계수를 구하였다. 시험 자료처리 결과에 의하면 측점에 따른 심한 변동오차를 감소시키기 위하여 이동평균이 효과적임을 보여준다. 계산된 해저면 반사계수와 해저면 물성에 반영된 지질환경과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 중부 브랜스필드분지 지역에서는 퇴적물의 공급원으로부터의 거리가 멀수록 반사계수가 감소하는 변화양상이 우세하여, 사면 근처에서는 0.12∼0.2 사이, 분지의 중심에서는 0.1∼0.12 사이의 반사계수를 나타낸다. 서부 브랜스필드분지에서 지역적으로 나타나는 빙하침식 지형에서는 반사계수가 0.2∼0.3의 범위 내에서 변하였으며, 확장중심의 화산분출물이 노출된 지역은 0.2 이상의 큰 반사계수를 나타냈다. 또한 지체구조운동에 의해 상승작용을 받은 고지층들이 후기의 빙하침식작용에 의해 해저면에 드러난 지역에서는 해저면 반사계수가 비교적 크게 나타났다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2012

비대칭 H형강이 콘크리트에 매립되어 화재에 노출되는 일반 합성보에 비하여 내화성능이 높은 슬림플로어 공법에 대한 화재거동특성을 분석하고, 이를 기반으로 내화성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 최적 단면형상 조건을 도출하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 단면형상은 휨 성능을 증진시킬 수 있는 웨브 보강과 화재에 직접 노출되는 하부플랜지의 보강 방안에 대하여 화재실험을 진행하였으며, 무 보강조건과 형상변화시에 발생하는 합성플로어의 처짐을 비교 분석하여 효과적인 단면형상 설계조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 실험결과 웨브 보강방안에 비해 하부플랜지 보강시 내화성능 향상효율이 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 화재에 직접적으로 노출되는 하부플랜지 부분에 보강을 하는 것이 급격한 온도상승으로 인한 강도저하로 인해 발생하는 변형을 보다 효율적으로 제어하기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.9-24
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• 1999

This study is on architectural characteristics of the existing ㅁ-shaped Yo-Sa with two stories in Buddhist temple. The Yo-Sa has had the function of space for not only monasticism but also living of buddhist priests and been one of the important spaces in Buddhist temple from the beginning of it. The Yo-Sa with two stories appeared mostly in the later Chosun Dynasty, so the origin of the Yo-Sa with two stories is thought that it might relate to the circumstances of temples in the later Chosun Dynasty. Having got in the period of Chosun Dynasty, Buddhism lost the power that he has enjoyed since Korea Dynasty was established and the economic power of temples as well. Because of a change for the worse, the Buddhist priests should manage with reduced income and combine many buildings with various functions into a singular to overcome their circumstances. Therefore a waekened economic power might be a primary factor which urged to change form of Yo-Sa from one-storied to two-storied. The ㅁ-shaped Yo-Sa with two stories have the Dae-Bang-Chae for worship, Seung-Bang for Buddhist's living room in the bottom floor and garnering spaces to store up the agricultural produce, miscellaneous article, etc in the top floor. The composition methods depend on the condition of the lay of land, intentional design, and so on. Therefore, the ㅁ-shped Yo-Sa with two stories shows the diversity of space composition and architectural characteristics.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

The concept of horizontal shear connection utilization on wood-concrete beams intends to be an alternative connection detail for composite wood-concrete decks. The volume of sawn-wood is over three times more expensive than concrete, in Brazil. In order to be competitive in the Brazilian market we need a composite deck with the least amount of wood and a simple and inexpensive connection detail. This research project uses medium to high density tropical hardwoods managed from the Brazilian Amazon region and construction steel rods. The beams studied are composed of a bottom layer of staggered wood boards and a top layer of concrete. The wood members are laterally nailed together to form a wide beam, and horizontal rebar connectors are installed before the concrete layer is applied on top. Two sets of wood-concrete layered beams with horizontal rebar connectors (6 and 8) were tested in third-point loading flexural bending. The initial results reveal medium composite efficiency for the beams tested. An improvement on the previously conceived connection detail (set with six connectors) for the composite wood-concrete structural floor system was achieved by the set with eight connectors. The new layout of the horizontal rebar connectors added higher composite efficiency for the beams tested. Further analysis with advanced rigorous numerical Finite Element Modeling is suggested to optimize the connection parameters. Composite wood-concrete decks can attend a large demand for pedestrian bridges, as well as residential and commercial slabs in the Brazilian Amazon.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2016

Modular buildings are constructed by assembling modular units which are prefabricated in a factory and delivered to the site. However, due to a problem of noise between floors, concrete slab is usually poured at the top or bottom level of a modular unit in Korea. This greatly increases the weight of buildings, but designing vertical members of modular units to resist overall gravity loads is very inefficient. In this study, considering domestic building construction practices, feasible structural systems for tall modular buildings are proposed in which separate steel frames and reinforced concrete core walls are designed to resist gravity and lateral loads. To verify performance, a three-dimensional structural analysis has been performed with two types of prototype buildings, i.e., a residential building and a hotel. From the results, wind-induced lateral displacements and seismic story drifts are examined and compared with their limit values. Between the two kinds of buildings, the efficiency of the proposed system is also evaluated through a comparison of the weight of structural components. Finally, the effect of a floor diaphragm on the overall behavior is analyzed and discussed.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2002

Numerical solution of the full Navier-Stokes equation as well as the energy equation has been obtained for the unsteady natural convection in a rectangular enclosure. One side wall was maintained at very high temperature simulating fires. Especially the effect of surface radiation was taken into account. While the enclosed air was assumed to be transparent, the internal walls directly interacted one another through the surface radiation. Due to a significant temperature difference in the flow field, the equation of state was used instead of the Boussinesq approximation. It was found that the rapid heating of the adiabatic ceiling and floor by the incoming radiation from the hot wall made the evolution at thermo-fluid field highly unstable in the initial period. Therefore, the secondary cells brought about at the floor region greatly affected the heat transfer mechanism inside the enclosure. The heat transfer rate was augmented by the radiation, resulting in requiring less time for the flow to reach the steady state. At the steady state neglecting radiation two internal hydraulic jumps were clearly observed in upper/left as well as in lower/right comer. However, the hydraulic jump in the lower/right comer could not be observed for the case including radiation due to its high momentum flow over the bottom wall. Radiation resulted in a faster establishment of the steady state phenomena.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2018

The profile ring rolling process can realize various ring shapes unlike conventional rectangular cross-sectional ring products. In this paper, the defective groove in the bottom surface of L-shaped ring products was analyzed. Grooves are generated by non-uniform external forces due to profile main roll and initial blank shape. Process parameters such as the motion of dies and working temperature were determined. Mechanism of groove formation was analyzed by FE simulation on the basis of local external forces acting on the blank. Analysis results were similar to the groove actually occurring in the production line. Based on results of the analysis, two solutions were proposed for the groove. The position of the base plate supporting the blank was adjusted and edge length of the main roll was extended to suppress growth of grooves. It has been verified that groove was improved by applying two proposed methods in the shop-floor.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2011

비대칭 H형강을 활용한 슬림플로어의 경우, 상대적으로 열전달 속도가 낮은 콘크리트에 강재가 매립된 형상으로 설계되어 화재조건에서 강재의 강성저하를 최소화 할 수 있는 형상으로 설계되었다. 그러나 비대칭 H형강의 하부플렌지는 화재에 직접적으로 노출되므로, 이 부분에 대한 내화피복을 적용하여 슬림플로어 보의 내화성능을 최대한 확보할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 실험계획은 재하 하중비 0.4와 0.3을 조정하여 하중조건에 따른 내화성능을 비교하고자 하였고 철근보강에 따른 내화성능 향상효율, 내화피복을 적용하였을 경우의 180분 내화성능 확보 유 무를 분석하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 하중비 변화에 따른 실험체를 비교한 결과, 0.1 의 하중비를 낮출 경우 내화성능은 12분 차이가 나며, 처짐격차는 39mm였다. 철근보강에 따른 영향은 12분정도의 내화성능 향상이 가능하며, 최대 102.4mm의 처짐이 제어된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2004

Relationships between sedimentary environments and abundance of benthic animals were examined on the deep-sea floor, the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, in the northeast equatorial Pacific Ocean. Specimens were collected using a box corer at 8 stations by sieving through 0.3 mm mesh screen. Sediments showed finer grain size ranged from 5.63 to $7.97{\varphi}$, 83.1% of mean porosity, 1.81 kPa of mean shear strength and organic carbon content in sediment ranged from 0.97 to $1.87\;mg/cm^3$. Manganese nodules covered on the bottom layer from 4 to 57% of coverages. A total of 26 faunal groups in 6 phyla was sampled and comprised 1,467 individuals. Mean biomass were calibrated to 0.5 gWWt/$0.06\;m^2$. Small-sized animals including foraminiferans and nematods were dominated among the faunal group which comprised 49.1% (892 ind.) and 11.5% (320 ind.), respectively. In SPI-analysis, vertical bio-disturbance marks were not observed except to Beggiatoa-type bacterial mats. As the results of relationship between environments and benthos, abundance of benthic animals, especially nematode, showed only a negative correlation to the coverage of nodules, and any other sedimentary factors analyzed in this study were rarely affected to the spatial distribution of benthic animals.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

This paper presents an in-situ correction method to compensate for the position error of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) near the sea floor. AUVs generally have an inertial navigation system assisted with auxiliary navigational sensors. Since the inertial navigation system shows drift in position without the bottom reflection of a Doppler velocity log, external acoustic positioning systems, such as an ultra short baseline (USBL), are needed to set the position without surfacing the AUV. The main concept of the correction method is as follows: when the AUV arrives near the sea floor, the vehicle moves around horizontally in a circular mode, while the USBL transceiver installed on a surface vessel measures the AUV's position. After acquiring one data set, a least-square curve fitting method is adopted to find the center of the AUV's circular motion, which is transferred to the AUV via an acoustic telemetry modem (ATM). The proposed method is robust for the outlier of USBL, and it is independent of the time delay for the data transfer of the USBL position with the ATM. The proposed method also reduces the intrinsic position error of the USBL, and is applicable to the in-situ calibration as well as the initialization of the AUVs' position. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method.