• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2011

Hyperfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) can cause severe dysphagia. This condition referred as cricopharyngeal dysphagia may occur after head and neck surgery due to altered muscle spasm and stenosis of the pharyngo-esophageal segment. Among various treatment options available, Botulinum toxin A (Botox) injection offers a nonsurgical treatment which is useful especially for debilitated patients, and there has been a recent increase in the clinical use of Botox by otolaryngologists for managing such conditions. A 55-year-old male with base of tongue (BOT) cancer suffered from severe dysphagia after total glossectomy and neck dissection treatment. Videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) showed inability to pass food through the UES due to cricopharyngeal spasm. After injection of 10 U of Bot ox into each cricopharyngeus muscles (total 20 U) via EMG-guided percutaneous injection, swallowing function had improved and oral nutrition was possible, with food passing through the UES visualized on VFSS and FEES.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2009

Various laryngeal injection techniques andmaterials have been introduced and widelyused. In this section, office-base laryngeal injection with Cidofovir, Steroid and Botulinum toxin will be described including a suitable approach for the injection, treatment efficacy, side effects and its pitfalls.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2013.03a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2013

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2006

This study is to investigate the patients who had blepharoplasty for cosmetic purposes or facial nerve disorders. 21 patients were examined with an age from 17 to 63 years. Sixteen cases were classified as a normal group for investigation of the histopathologic change according to the age. The rest were patients of Bell's palsy(2), $Botox^{(R)}$ injection(2) and blepharospasm (1). We measured a mean diameter of myofiber and dimension's proportion of muscluar tissue per regular visual field. First, we measured a statistical significance according to the age in normal cases by grouping them into younger than 30-year-old, 30's, 40's, 50's and 60's. Second, we divided normal cases(16) into Group A and B by two bases for statistical analysis. In conclusion, although there were several differences as vacuolation, internalization of sarcolemnic nuclei between 35-year-old and 62-year-old patients in simple comparison, there was no uniform decrease according to the age. There were also no significant statistical changes in the value of a diameter of myofibers and dimension's proportion of muscular tissue according to the age in any of the two normal groups. But in $Botox^{(R)}$ injection and Bell's palsy, blepharospasm patients, two values showed remarkable difference compared to the normal group of same age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : The vocal fold granuloma has been associated with vocal abuse, gastroesophageal reflux, endotracheal intubation and habitual throat clearing etc.. Granuloma is benign growth of hypertrophic granulation tissue. It is usually located on the posterior third of vocal fold, in one or both vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage In spite of the voice therapy, steroid therapy, anti-reflex therapy and surgical procedure. The distinct advantage and uniform success rate of each methods have not been generally shown. Authors report that localized injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX$^{\circledR}$) is the promising method both as an initial treatment and as an alternative treatment in patients who do not respond to standard therapy or who are poor surgical candidates. Materials and Method : We carried out a retrospective study of 9 patients with the diagnosis of vocal fold granuloma on the videostroboscopic examination from Jan 2000 to Mar 2003. The botulinum toxin type A was injected into one or both thyroarytenoid muscle or lateral cricoarytenoid muscle under the electromyography. The average dosage ranges from 6U to 8U per injection. Results : Unilateral vocal fold granuloma in 7 patients had been resolved completely within 2-3 months after first injection : 5 patients received th\ulcorner GER medical therapy in addition to the Botulinum toxin injections, 2 patients was resolved completely who had shown recurrence after $CO_2$ laser vaporization. 2 patients who had shown recurrence after $1^st$ injection were also completely resolved within 6 months after further injections. Conclusion : We expect that localized injection of Botulinum toxin type A can provide an alternative treatment for the refractory cases to the traditional forms of therapy and avoid the recurrence in conjunction with proper medical and voice therapy against GER and vocal abuse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 1997

The mutational falsetto is failure to change from the higher pitched voice of preadolescence to the lower pitched voice of adolescence and adulthood. The one of characteristic findings is contraction of suprahyoid muscles. The large majority of young men with inappropriately high voice have excellent voice therapy prognosis. We have experienced one case of mutational falsetto treated with botulinum toxin injection on suprahyoid muscles. His suprahyoid muscles are contracted markedly simultaneously with each phonation. fundamental frequency$(F_0)$ of his vowel phonation was 332Hz. Extensive voice therapy including manual compression of thyroid notch was ineffective. Forty units of Botox$^{\circledR}$ was injected under the EMG-guidance(20U bilaterally). At seven days post-injection, his voice changed lower than before and at 40 days after procedure, his $F_0$ was 126Hz.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.38.1-38.13
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• 2019

The application of botulinum in oral and maxillofacial surgery begins in 1982, where Jan Carruthers started using it for reducing the muscle mass and smoothing the skin, and since then it has been used for cosmetic purposes. In Korea, it is already being used by various specialties including dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine), plastic surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, general surgery, and orthopedic surgery, etc. Each specialty approaches to Botox with its own medical indications. In this article, we will discuss the maxillofacial application of botulinum toxin, which includes theoretical and practical aspects of such as bruxism and square jaw.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 2020

Until recently, dentistry did not show notable social conflicts with other medical professionals. This means that conflicts did not surface as medical doctors took the dominant position even though areas of intervention have been overlapped. The recent conflict between medical professionals, which began with clashes in the area of oral and maxillofacial surgery, have been embodied in the Supreme Court ruling on the use of Botox by dentists and the court ruling on the use of oral devices in oriental medicine. We look discuss at each case in detail to seek a solution to the problem of interprofessional conflict. We present professional duty of self-development and interprofessional education as a way to resolve disputes between medical professionals, which would be a major problem in the future of dentistry and medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2009

Office based injection laryngoplasty for voice and swallow disorders is increasing steadily. In recent years, the application of injection laryngoplasty is extended to inject medicine, such as cidofovir or botox. The reason why office based injection laryngoplasty is increasing in popularity is several potential advantages when compared with other procedures. It can avoid surgical scar and is easily performed with local anesthesia. However, injection can be performed in a variety of settings, depending on several factors, including the goal of the procedure, patient comfort and anatomy, and physician skill. In this article, we describe indication of injection laryngoplasty and discuss about various techniques for procedure.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.345-351
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• 2005

The purpose of this double-blind study was to evaluate clinical effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection on myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) involving upper trapezius and compare with those of lidocaine injection. 21 patients presenting with active TrP1 and/or TrP2 in the upper trapezius over 6 months were selected for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups; one group injected with BTX-A (15 unit of $Botox^{(R)}$ / 0.3 ml per trigger point (TrP)) and the other group injected with 0.5% lidocaine (0.3 ml /TrP). The clinical effects were evaluated by VAS and PPT at baseline, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after treatment. BTX-A group showed persistent decrease of VAS values and increase of PPT values following treatment. While there was no significant difference in VAS values between BTX-A and lidocaine groups (p=0.347), there was significant difference in PPT values after treatment between two groups (p=0.000). The subjects received BTX-A showed noticeable improvement in PPT values after treatment, suggesting more reliable effect of BTX-A injection compared with lidocaine injection. The results of this study support that the direct injection of BTX-A to a TrP is an effective and safe treatment for MPS involving upper trapezius.