• ALGAE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

A new macroscopic riverine red algal species, Lemanea manipurensis sp. nov. (Batrachospermales) is described from Manipur in northeast India. It has a sparsely branched, pseudoparenchymatous thallus with a single, central axial filament that lacks cortical filaments. Spermatangia occur generally in isolated, low and indistinct patches or form an almost continuous ring around the axis. Carposporophytes project into the hollow thallus cavity without an ostiole. The most striking morphological feature is the carposporophyte with very short gonimoblast filaments having cylindrical, narrow and sparsely branched sterile filaments, the terminal cell of each branch with a single, large, elongate carpospore. The widely distributed L. fluviatilis has spherical carpospores in long branched chains. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequence data and comparison with other Batrachospermales clearly show that our specimens do not align with other species of Lemanea and Paralemanea investigated thus far. Five specific names attributed in previous literature (1973-2014) to Lemanea from Manipur, L. australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, and L. torulosa are rejected until critical anatomical and molecular evidence is available for specimens from the Manipur river systems. Taxa referable to Paralemanea were not confirmed for India in this study. In view of the high demand for food and medical uses of L. manipurensis in northeast India, conservation measures are needed for its long term survival. The present paper constitutes the first combined morphological / molecular study on a freshwater red alga from India.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 2016

Microsatellites, which are sequences of repetitive short nucleotides, are abundant in the genome and have relatively many alleles at a locus. Hence, microsatellite markers are used in various research areas such as medicine, agriculture, and biology. Thanks to recent advanced techniques and databases associated with microsatellite marker development, foreign research relying on microsatellite markers is increasing in various study areas. In this study, by analyzing microsatellites-related articles published during 2000-2014 from eight Korean national journals representing zoology, botany, genetics, ecology and environmental science, breeding science, and forest science ('Animal Cells and Systems', 'Journal of Plant Biology', 'Genes and Genomics', 'Korean Society of Environment and Ecology', 'Korean Journal of Breeding Science', 'Journal of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University', 'Journal of Korean Forest Society' and 'Forest Science and Technology'), we found that the number of articles and diversity of study subjects and objects have increased considerably. However, there are fewer applications of microsatellites in the national forest science area. During 2000-2014 in 'Journal of Korean Forest Society', the percentage of articles dealing with microsatellite markers was found to be the lowest with 4.2% among articles focusing on PCR-based markers including RAPD, AFLP, and ISSR. However, in 'Canadian Journal of Forest Research' and 'Forest Ecology and Management', microsatellite marker articles were represented at their highest with 69.2% and 76.2%, respectively. Given the advantages of microsatellite markers, the publication of research papers using microsatellites should be increased in Korean forest science journals to the level of studies published in prominent international journals.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-114
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• 1995

Sejong-Jirhiji, completed in 1454, has records on Anthropologic and NaturalGeography, Economy, Military affairs and Indusry, especially in the side of Industry, resources plant is included. It has much more species, which are almost wild and only a few cultivated, tham in the Moden book of Geography. The total species of resources plant recorded in 8 provinces are 1277, but by the system of classifcation they are 104 families and 267 species. It is almost same record as in Hyang- Yak Chip Seong Bang published in 1433, in which the total species are 103 families, 281 species. We can see the voluntary will to avoid chinese chemical, expensive and difficult to get, and to exploit our own in this book. Among these, Cullen coryliforia included in Leguminosae, Styrax benzoin included in Styraceae and Ocimum sanctum included in Labiatae are plants of trophic or subtropic. We don't know through which passage do they come. The different names on a same species give a difficult problem in understanding the traditional book. Today resources plant's spread recorded in Sejong-Jirhiji gives a referential help, and Korean botany is based on it.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.233-237
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• 2014

A new taxon, Hymenophyllum wrightii f. serratum C.S. Lee & K. Lee (Hymenophyllaceae), forma nov. was collected and described from forests in Mt. Halla, Jeju-do, Korea. This taxon, H. wrightii f. serratum C.S. Lee & K. Lee (vernacular name: 'Gu-reum-cheo-nyeo-i-kki') was distinguished from H. wrightii f. wrightii by having smaller leaves, broader basal part of leaf blade, broad-ovate laminae, larger sori and serrate margins of lips of involucres. The new taxon's name is based on serrate margin shape of the lips. A Korean name, 'Gu-reum-cheo-nyeo-i-kki', was newly given based on its habitat. Descriptions and its photograph in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Hymenophyllum from Korea.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.195-209
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• 2008

Some Korean terminologies on reproductive structures of seed plants in plant morphology, written incorrectly in many books, were analysed to propose accurately expressed terminologies. 31 books in areas such as general biology, plant biology, plant morphology, and biological dictionaries and glossaries were selected to analyse the accuracy of the terminologies for reproductive structures in gymnosperms, e.g., cone or strobilus, seed (or ovulate) cone and pollen cone, and conifer(s) or coniferous plants, and for flower structures in angiosperms, e.g., corolla, anther, filament, pistillate (or female) flower and staminate (or male) flower, apocarpous, and syncarpous. The definition and etymology of the terminologies were traced in 4 textbooks of plant anatomy and 2 dictionaries of biology and botany written in English. On the basis of the definition, etymology, and principles for terminology formation according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 704:2000), reasonably expressed Korean terminologies were proposed. All of the 8 terminologies examined in this study were included in the glossary of biological terminologies, published by the Korean Association of Biological Sciences in 2005, and designated as an editorial source for science and biology textbooks for middle and high schools by Ministry of Education in 2007. However, the only 1 of the 8 terminologies described in the glossary were consistent with the proposed expression in the present study. These inconsistencies indicated the need for a reassessment of this glossary of biological terminologies. The newly proposed terminologies would facilitate mutual understanding between teachers and students of plant biology.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.234-246
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• 2008

Korean terminologies on stem structures in plant morphology, written incorrectly in many books, were analysed to propose accurately expressed terminologies. 35 books in areas such as general biology, plant biology, plant morphology, and biological dictionaries and glossaries were selected to analyse the accuracy of the terminologies for seed structures, e.g., shoot and shoot system, rhizome, apical dominance, anticlinal and periclinal divisions, and intercalary and lateral meristems. The definition and etymology of the terminologies were traced in 4 textbooks of plant anatomy and 2 dictionaries of biology and botany written in English. On the basis of the definition, etymology, and principles for terminology formation according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 704:2000), reasonably expressed Korean terminologies were proposed. All of the 8 terminologies examined in this study were included in the glossary of biological terminologies, published by the Korean Association of Biological Sciences in 2005, and designated as an editorial source for science and biology textbooks for middle and high schools by Ministry of Education in 2007. However, the only 1 of the 8 terminologies described in the glossary were consistent with the proposed expression in the present study. These inconsistencies indicated the need for a reassessment of this glossary of biological terminologies. The validity of the proposed Korean terminologies was tested in a questionnaire sent to 17 professors teaching plant morphology or/and taxonomy at universities. A mean of 91.9% of the total respondents agreed with the Korean expressions proposed in this study. The new, proposed terminologies would facilitate mutual understanding between teachers and students of plant biology.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.322-327
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• 2008

Antifungal activities of natural substrances from Eucalyptus darlympleana, E. globules, E. gunnii and E. unigera were evaluated against postharvest pathogens of kiwifruits, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Diaporthe actinidiae, to screen effective natural substances as an alternative to chemical fungicides. Methanol extract of the Eucalyptus trees showed strong antagonistic activity against the pathogenic fungi. Among them, E. unigera and E. darlympleana effectively inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogens. For chemical identification of the antifungal substances, the methanol extract of E. darlympleana leaves was successively partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$. Among the fractions, $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH showed strong inhibitory activity of mycelial growth of the fungi. Five compounds were isolated from EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions subjected to $SiO_2$ column chromatography. Two phenolic compounds(gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and three flavonoid compounds(quercetin, quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-glucoside) were identified by $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy. Among them, only gallic acid was found to be effective in mycelial growth and spore germination of B. cinerea at relatively high concentrations. The results suggest that gallic acid can be a safer and more acceptable alternative to current synthetic fungicides controlling soft rot decay of kiwifruit during postharvest storage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2000

After Vanherweghem J-L reported the rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis that developed in patients taking the slimming preparation compounded with chinese Herb in Belgium 1993. Chinese Herb Nephropathy(CHN) has become known as a new renal disease, CHN is described as the decrease of urinary renal enzyme, neutral endopeptidase(NEP). N-acetyl-${\beta}$-Dglucosaminidase(NAG). increase of urinary low molecular protein, ${\alpha}$1-microglobulin, ${\beta}$2-microglobulin. clara cell protein(CC16), retinol-binding protein(RBP) in clinical findings, and the proximal tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis. urothelial atrophy. glomerular sclerosis in histology, Because CHN was caused by Chinese herb contained in slimming preparation, western medical doctors have thought that all Herb medicine might have caused renal disease and prohibit the taking of any Herb medicine, However. CHN was actually caused by the aristolochic acid contained in some Herb medicines. Aristolochia manshuriensis, Aristolochia fang chi, which is the substitutions of Akebia quinata, Stephania tetrandra has being used in clinical. Aristolochia manshuriensis. Aristolochia fang chi were different with Akebia quinata. Stephania tetrandra in botany, and it have not been classified with medicines in Oriental medicine, That is, the aristolochic acid, not Herb medicines. causes CHN, So, Chinese Herb Nephropathy should be changed to Aristolochic acid Nephropathy.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Study was conducted to investigate tree diversity and its population and regeneration status in homegardens of upper Assam, Northeast India through field study by quadrat method. A total of 154 tree species have been recorded from 135 studied homegardens under 109 genera 53 families. Most of these species (79%) are indigenous to our country, while the rest (21%) arealiens (naturalized and cultivated exotics) by origin. Tree species richness per homegarden varies greatly in different homegardens and is ranged from 5 to 52 tree species with a mean of 22 ($SE{\pm}0.58$). A. malaccensis is the most dominant tree species in the studied homegardens contributed 34% of the total tree density of the documented trees. The tree density is much higher with 4,259 individuals $ha^{-1}$ but, basal area ($36.32m^2ha^{-1}$) is very less. Based on the number of individuals present, very rare species is accounted for 10%, rare species 39%, common species 19%, dominants 14% and predominant species 18% in the present study. The population density of 154 tree species is 4,259 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for adults (>3.18 cm DBH), 5,902 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for saplings and 38,164 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for seedlings. The density of seedlings>saplings>adults represents good regeneration status of tree species in studied homegardens. The population structure study showed that about 8% tree species have good regeneration status, 9% have fair regeneration status, 48% have poor regeneration status and 34% tree species have no regeneration. Study suggests that research and development action is needed to stimulate regeneration of those tree species which having high importance value indices but showing poor or no regeneration. Based on present observation, it can be conclude that homegarden can emerge as an effective means for both economic well-being and biodiversity conservation in upper Assam, Northeast India.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.389-393
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• 2002

Effects of environmental factors on in vitro pine pollen performance were investigated. Pinus densiflora and P. rigida pollen grains collected at Mt. Kwanak, Korea were used. Three environmental factors, such as pollen storage temperature, pollen culture temperature and nutrient condition in medium, were tested. To determine the storage temperature effects on pollen viability, pine pollen was stored at $-70^{\circ}C$, $-12^{\circ}C$, $4^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$. Pollen viability was substantially extended at the storage temperatures of $-12^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$ for more than 300 days. To elucidate the culture temperature effects on pine pollen germination and tube growth, pollen grains were cultured at the temperatures from $5^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$ at $5^{\circ}C$intervals. The germination rate and tube growth were highest at $25^{\circ}C$ and decreased above $30^{\circ}C$. To investigate boron and sucrose effects on pollen tube growth, the pollen was cultured at different sucrose and boric acid concentrations. Germination rate was optimal in germination medium containing 3 or 5$\%$ sucrose with 0.01 $\%$ boric acid. These results indicate that the pine pollen can be stored for considerable length of time without noticeable loss of viability at storage temperature below or near $0^{\circ}C$. Optimal germination medium conditions were established for pine pollen. Therefore, pine pollen can be used for many biological and environmental monitoring researches.