• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

Objectives : The cancer incidence and cancer burden is increasing. In addition, the use of botanical agents in cancer care is increasing. This article aims to review a research strategy for botanical agents. Methods : The clinical studies of anticancer botanical agents and the papers about clinical research methodology of botanical agents were reviewed. Results : In phase I study, safety confirmation, optimal dose determination and drug interaction study are important. Most botanical agents have low toxicity and some have non-monotone dose response. Therefore, dose-response curve must be evaluated separately from the dose-toxicity curve to determine optimal dose. Although anticancer botanical agents can't shrink tumor size rapidly, they do extend survival. So, in phase II study, response should be evaluated by the survival. Conclusions : Clinical research of botanical agents in cancer is different from traditional methods and strategies. Considering the characteristics of botanical agents and experimental mechanism is necessary in conducting botanical based clinical trials.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.3 s.130
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• pp.157-168
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• 2002

Aconites distribute widely in northern hemispere of the earth reaching to arctic zone from warm and temperate one. Chinese crude drug 'Cho O'(草烏) has been used as a remedy for apoplexy, dyspepsia, neuralgia, chronic rheumatis etc. Though the botanical origin of the crude drug has been considered to be Aconitum species of Ranunculaceae, there has been no confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of Cho O, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the roots of Aconitum species growing in Korea, i.e. A. chiisanense, A. ciliare, A. jaluense, A. napiforme, A. proliferum, A. pseudoproliferum and A. triphyllum were studied. As the result, Cho O was proved to be the roots of Aconitum triphyllum, A. jaluense, A. chiisanense and A. napiforme.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 1994

Korean folk medicine 'Jin Hae Cho' has been used as a remedy for neuralgia and an invigorating drug after a childbirth in Korea. The botanical origin of the crude drug has been no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Jin Hae Cho', studied on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the roots of Potentilla species growing wild in Korea i.e. Potentilla chinensis Ser., P. cryptotaeniae Maxim., P. dickinsii Fr. et Sav., P. discolor Bunge, P. fragarioides L. var. major Maxim., P. freyniana Bornm., P. kleiniana Wight et Arnott, P. paradoxa Nutt., P. yokusaiana Makino and 'Jin Hae Cho' from Korea on Korean market. As a result, it was made clear that 'Jin Hae Cho' from Korea was derived from the roots of Potentilla chinensis Ser. and Potentilla discolor Bunge.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 1999

'Gu Maig(瞿麥)' is one of the Chinese crude drugs used mainly to cure a diuretic, gonorhoea and menostasis, etc. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Gu Maig', it has been considered to be Dianthus spp. of Caryophyllaceae, but there has not been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of the "Gu Maig", the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves and stems of Dianthus species growing in Korea, i.e. D. sinensis, D. superbus var. longicalycinus, D. repens, D. morii, D. superbus var. speciosus were compared. As a result, it was determined that 'Gu Maig' was the whole plant body of Dianthus sinensis and D. superbus var. longicalycinus.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 2000

The Korean crude drug 'Suk Wi' has been used as the folk remedy for diuretic and gonorrhea. The botanical origin of the crude drug has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of Suk Wi, studied on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Pyrrosia species growing wild in Korea i.e., P. linearifolia, P. lingua, P. petiolosa, P. tricuspis and Suk Wi from Korea on Korean market. As a result, it was made clear that Suk Wi from Korea was derived from Pyrrosia lingua and P. petiolosa.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.107-109
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• 2011

'BaegMi(白薇)' is one of the Chinese crude drugs used mainly as an antipyretic and diuretic. The botanical origin of the crude drug has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of BaegMi, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Cynanchum species growing in Korea were studied. As a result, BaegMi was proved to be the root of Cynanchum atratum and Cynanchum ascyrifolium.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 2003

Ratanjot is attributed to eight species of Boraginacae species belonging to genera Alkanna, Arnebia, Maharanga and Onosma and regarded as one of the important herbal drugs of indigenous systems of medicine. The root and root stock, which form the actual drug, are considered to be an anthelmintic, antipyretic and antiseptic. They are also claimed to be useful in burn, eczema, wounds and eruptions, and used for treating the diseases of eyes, bronchitis, abdominal pains, itch, etc. Several workers reported that the Naphthaquinones (arnebins), the main active constituents of the drug, are responsible for its colour and therapeutic efficacy. It is claimed that the Arnebia nobilis was imported to India from Afghanistan but the red coloured roots resembling with A. nobilis were found to be gathered by local people for commercial purposes during the course of botanical surey of Himalayan region. Hence, it is decided to evaluate Arnebia nobilis pharmacognostically. The important macro-microscopic features of this species are roots 1-5 cm broad; outermost xylem with broad vessels and innermost with groups of radially arranged narrow vessels while the middle region occupied by alternate rings of clusters of broad and narrow vessels and presence of pith. Besides the percentage of arnebin-1, -3 and 4 are 9.37, 10.53 and 1.72 respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.102-106
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• 2001

Berberis aristata (family Berberidaceae), known as 'Daruharidra' in Ayurvedic system of medicine, is an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various systems of indigenous medicine. Being an important medicinal plant it is being adulterated and in the absence of any pharmacognostic information it is very difficult to check the adulteration. The present study was therefore, carried out to provide the requisite pharmacognostic details. Morphological, anatomical and phytochemical aspects of B. aristata were carried out. Diagnostic features of B. aristata root were identified and characterized from the above investigations and presented in the present communication. Some of the diagnostic features of the root drug noted from the anatomical study are patches of pericyclic fibre, pitted sclerieds, berberine containing cells and heterocyclic medullary rays. HPTLC analysis showed three distinct bands of which berberine was identified as the major constituents. The $R_f$. value of other bands was also calculated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

Chinese crude drug "Lu-ti-cao"(鹿蹄草) has been used as a remedy for beriberi, cut bleeding, snake bite, etc. In Korea, the drug is called "Nok Je Cho" and has been used as a folk medicine of the same effect as that of Chinese equivalent. The original plant of this drug has not yet been as certained. To clarify the botanical origin of "Nok Je Cho", the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Pyrola species growing in Korea, i.e. P. incarnata, P. japonica, P. minor, P. renifolia, P. secunda were studied. As a result, it was clarified that "Nok Je Cho" was the leaf of Pyrola japonica and Pyrola minor.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2005

Leucas aspera Link. (Lamiaceae) is an important medicinal plant in indigenous systems of medicine in India and commonly known as 'Thumbai'. It has various ethnomedicinal values as various traditional communities find diverse medicinal properties. It is used as antipyretic, stimulant, expectorant and diaphoretic drug. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of whole plant of L. aspera collected from five different geographical zones of the country-Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Karnataka, West Bengal and Gujarat. The botanical characters and TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples were quite similar but some variations were observed in physicochemical parameters. However, some microscopical characters and TLC profile can be used as diagnostic characters for identification of L. aspera, for example amphistomachic leaves and two types of trichomes-abundant, non glandular, uniseriate, 1-3 celled and few glandular, 2-5 celled stalk with rounded tip. Presence of some components at $R_fs-0.56$, 0.65 and 0.76 under UV 366 and at $R_fs-0.31$, 0.43, 0.60, 0.76 and 0.82 under visible light after derivetization in TLC profile may also be used as diagnostic character.